Yawancin zurfin mazauna suna zaune cikin zurfin teku. Wasu daga cikinsu kyawawa ne kuma kyawawa halittu, akwai masu ban mamaki ƙwarai, waɗanda ba za a iya fahimtarsu ba, kuma akwai ma waɗanda ba a gan su kwata-kwata. Amma yanzu za mu yi magana game da ɗayan mafiya haɗari da haɗari mazaunan teku - game da damisa.
Bayyanar damfara
Damisa ta teku na dangi ne like, kuma shine babban wakilin wannan nau'in. Girman wannan maharin yana da ban sha'awa - tsawon jikin namiji yakai mita 3, mace ta kai mita 4.
Mata suna da nauyin kusan rabin tan kuma kusan kilogram 270-300. a cikin maza. Kamar yadda kake gani, mata ba za su iya yin alfarma da alheri ba, amma akasin haka suna da nauyi sosai idan aka kwatanta da maza. Amma duk da wannan girman, akwai ƙananan kitse a jikin hatimin damisa.
Babban jiki yana da ingantaccen sifa wanda ke ba shi damar haɓaka saurin gudu cikin ruwa. Dogayen gabobi masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi, kazalika da sassaucin yanayi, suna aiki da manufa ɗaya.
Siffar kwanyar ta kwantawa, wanda ya sa ya zama kamar kan dabbobi masu rarrafe. Damisa tana da layuka biyu na hakora masu kaifi tare da canines har zuwa cm 2,5 a cikin bakinta. Gani da ƙamshi suna da kyau, babu auricles.
Damisar wannan, a gaskiya, hatimce, an sanya mata suna a wani ɓangare saboda launinta - a kan duhun launin toka mai duhu na bayan baya akwai baƙuwar fari. Ciki haske ne, kuma yanayin tabo akan sa, akasin haka, yana da duhu. Fatar kanta tana da yawa sosai, Jawo gajere ne.
Damisa hatimin mazauni
Hannun damisa yana zaune a Antarctica, tare da iyakar kankara. Yaran yara suna iyo zuwa ƙananan tsibiran da ke keɓe a cikin ruwa a ƙasa kuma suna iya zama a kowane lokaci na shekara. Dabbobi sun fi son kiyayewa zuwa gabar teku ba yin iyo mai nisa cikin teku ba, sai dai lokacin hijira.
Babban abin da za'a yiwa likitancin damisa shine penguins
Tare da farkon hatimin sanyi na hunturu iyo zuwa ruwan dumi na Tierra del Fuego, Patagonia, New Zealand, Australia. A mafi nisa daga tsibirin da ake zaune - Tsibirin Easter, an sami alamun wannan dabbar. Idan lokaci ya yi, damisa suna motsawa ta wata hanya zuwa cikin kankararsu ta Antarctic.
Damisa ta hatimi salon
Ba kamar danginsa na hatimi ba, hatimin damisa ya fi son zama shi kaɗai maimakon ya tara cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi a kan gaɓar teku. Youngerananan yara ne kawai ke iya ƙirƙirar ƙananan ƙungiyoyi wani lokaci.
Maza da mata ba sa tuntuɓar kowace hanya, sai waɗannan lokutan lokacin da lokacin saduwa ya yi. Da rana, dabbobin suna kwanciyar hankali a kan kankara, kuma da dare ya yi sai su nitse cikin ruwa don ciyarwa.
Lokacin farautar penguins, tambarin damisa na iya tsallakewa zuwa ƙasa
Alamar damisa, a cikin yankin ruwanta, ana ɗauka ɗayan manyan kuma masu rinjaye. Godiya ga ikon haɓaka saurin 30-40 km / h a cikin ruwa, ikon nutsewa zuwa zurfin mita 300 da ikon tsalle sama daga ruwa, wannan dabba ta teku ta sanya kanta shahara kamar damisa ta gaske.
Damisa ta rufe abinci
Duk da girmansa da martabarsa a matsayin dabba mai banƙyama na ganima, babban abincin abincin damisa (45% na dukkan abincinsa) shine krill. An tsara bakinta ta yadda zata iya tace ruwa ta hakoranta ta yadda kananan crustaceans suna ciki. Irin wannan na'urar tana kama da fasalin tsarin bakin hatimin mahaukaci, amma ba shi da cikakke.
Mamananan dabbobi masu shayarwa kamar hatimin mahaukaci, hatimin kunnuwa, hatiman Weddell da penguins wani babban sinadari ne a cikin menu na damfar damisa.
Hoton hatimcin damisa ne
Haka kuma, daidaikun mutane masu farauta na iya kwarewa a wani nau'in dabbobi. Ba a bayyana abin da ya haifar da hakan ba - abubuwan da suka shafi farauta, halaye ko abubuwan dandano.
Yana da matukar wahala a kamo balaguron balaguro wanda ba zai iya yin iyo ba wanda ya fi wanda yake farautar shi ba, don haka mafi yawan lokuta kaji ke zama abin cutarwa. Ana farautar penguins da hatimi musamman saboda kitse da damisa ke buƙata.
Damisoshi suna farautar irin waɗannan dabbobin a cikin ruwa kuma suna tsalle zuwa cikin ƙasa. Sau da yawa yakan faru cewa penguin mai gape yana tsaye a gefen kankara, yayin da mai farauta ya riga ya hango shi daga zurfin.
Hannun damisa, wanda ke iya wayo da sauri ya hau kan kankara, a sauƙaƙe ya kame dabbobin da ba su kula ba. Wasu suna gudanar da tserewa da gudu, wannan yana tabbatar da yawan tabo a jikinsu.
Idan ba zai yiwu a kubuta ba, to kisan gilla na jini yana jiran dabbar. Damisa na da dabi'ar yin fatali da kayan abincin ta a cikin kaifi. Girgiza abincinta daga gefe zuwa gefe akan ruwan, damisar damisar tana raba naman da baya buƙata daga fatarsa mai mai.
Irin wannan farautar yana ƙara yin aiki sosai a lokacin kaka, lokacin da mai farautar ya buƙaci “dumama” kafin yanayin sanyi. Dabbar ma tana cin kifi, amma a cikin ƙaramin rabo.
Daga ruwa, yana da wuya ga damisa ta teku ta rarrabe wacce irin dabba ne abin farautarta, don haka wani lokacin ma sukan kai wa mutane hari. Amma wannan ba safai ba ne - mutuwar mutum ɗaya aka rubuta tare da sa hannun mutum.
Sannan tambarin damisar ya afkawa matar masanin sannan ya jata ta karkashin ruwa, yana rike da ita har sai da ta shanye. Duk da cewa akwai alamun haɗarin waɗannan manyan namun daji, ƙwararrun masu ɗaukar hoto har yanzu suna samun ƙarfin gwiwar nazarin su. Kuma da yawa suna magana akan hatimin damisa a matsayin dabbobi masu ban sha'awa da marasa cutarwa.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Da zuwan bazara, tambarin damisa yakan fara lokacin kiwonsu. Don jan hankalin mace, maza suna shirye don wasu dabaru na zamani - alal misali, don su ba ta mamaki da ƙarfin muryar su, suna iyo a cikin kogon kankara, waɗanda suke aiki kamar masu kara sauti, kuma a can suna raira waƙoƙin da suke dace.
Da yake sun yi jima'i a cikin ruwa a bazara ko rani, mata suna tsammanin zuriya a cikin watanni 11, ma'ana, da zuwan lokacin dumi na gaba. Kabilawa an haife su ne a kan kankara, nan da nan abin mamaki cikin girma - har zuwa kilogiram 30. nauyi da kimanin mita daya da rabi a tsayi.
Watan farko mace ta ciyar da shi da madara, sannan ta koya masa nutsuwa da farauta. Hannun damisa suna kai wa ga balagar jima'I da shekara huɗu, tare da tsawon rai na kimanin shekaru 26.
Duk da cewa a halin yanzu yawan su yakai mutane dubu dari hudu, rayuwar wadannan manyan hatimai kai tsaye ta dogara da yawan dusar kankara ta Antarctic, saboda suna rayuwa a kansu, an haifa musu zuriya a kan kankara.
Saboda haka, wataƙila babban haɗarin waɗannan dabbobin zai zama ɗumamar yanayi. Muna iya fata kawai cewa canjin yanayi ba zai haifar da wata barazana ga rayukansu ba.
