Fasali da mazaunin hippopotamus
Hijab, ko hippo, kamar yadda ake kira shi, babbar halitta ce. Nauyinsa na iya wuce tan 4, sabili da haka, bayan giwaye, ana ɗauke da hippos a matsayin dabbobi mafi girma a duniya. Gaskiya ne, karkanda babbar gasa ce a gare su.
Masana kimiyya sun ruwaito labarai masu ban mamaki game da wannan dabba mai ban sha'awa. Na dogon lokaci an yi imani cewa dangin dan damfara alade ne. Kuma wannan ba abin mamaki bane, sun ɗan yi kama da juna. Amma ya zama (sabon binciken masana kimiyya) cewa dangi mafi kusa ya kamata a yi la'akari ... whales!
Gabaɗaya, hippos na iya zama mai ƙiba daban-daban. Wasu mutane nauyinsu kawai kilo 1300 ne, amma wannan nauyin yafi girma. Tsawon jiki zai iya kaiwa mita 4.5, kuma tsayi a bushe a cikin babban mutum ya kai cm 165. Girman yana da ban sha'awa.
Duk da alamun rashin jituwa da suke da ita, hippos na iya haɓaka saurin gaske cikin ruwa da ƙasa. Launin fata na wannan dabba yana da launin toka mai launin toka mai launin shuɗi ko kore.
Idan yawan hippos zai iya "toshe bel" kowane dabba in banda giwa, to ba su da wadata da ulu. Thinananan gashi ba safai suke watse ko'ina a jiki ba, kuma kai ba shi da gashi kwata-kwata. Kuma fatar kanta tana da siriri sosai, saboda haka yana da matukar rauni a cikin faɗa mai tsanani.
Amma hippos bai taba yin gumi ba, kawai basu da gland, kuma babu wasu glandan dinsu. Amma gland dinsu na mucous zasu iya fitar da irin wannan mai mai mai kariya wanda yake kare fata daga fitinar rana da kuma kwayoyin cutarwa.
Hippos yanzu ana samunsa a Afirka, kodayake sun kasance suna yaɗuwa sosai. Amma galibi ana kashe su saboda naman su, don haka a wurare da yawa haka ne dabba aka kashe rashin tausayi.
Yanayi da salon rayuwa irin na dorinar ruwa
Hippos ba za su iya rayuwa su kaɗai ba, ba su da kwanciyar hankali. Suna zaune cikin rukuni na mutane 20-100. Duk tsawon wannan yini, irin wannan garken na iya yin iyo a tafki, kuma idan magariba ta yi sai su tafi abinci.
Af, mata ne ke da alhakin kwanciyar hankalin duk dabbobin a lokacin sauran. Amma maza suna tabbatar da lafiyar mata da maruƙa a kusa da bakin teku. Maza hippos - dabbobi mai saurin tashin hankali.
Da zaran namiji ya cika shekaru 7, zai fara neman matsayi mafi girma a cikin al'umma. Yana yi ta hanyoyi daban-daban - yana iya fesa wa wasu mazan fitsari da taki, ruri, hamma tare da cikakken baki.
Wannan shine yadda suke ƙoƙarin mamayewa. Koyaya, yana da matukar wuya ga matasa hippos su sami iko - mazan da suka manyanta ba za su iya sanin saba ta hanyar kira ba kuma sun fi son gurgunta ko ma kashe saurayin kishiya.
Maza ma suna kiyaye yankinsu da himma sosai. Koda lokacin da hippos basu ga maharan ba, suna sanya hannu sosai wajan yankunansu.
Af, suna yin alama ga waɗannan yankuna inda suke cin abinci, da kuma inda suka huta. Don yin wannan, ba su ma da lalaci don fita daga ruwa don sake tunatar da wasu mazan da ke shugaba a nan, ko kwace sabbin yankuna.
Don sadarwa tare da 'yan uwanmu na kabilu, hippos suna amfani da wasu sauti. Misali, dabbar da ke karkashin ruwa koyaushe zata gargadi dangi game da hatsarin. Sautin da suke yi a lokaci guda kamar tsawa ce. Hippopotamus shine dabba kawai da ke iya sadarwa tare da waɗanda ke cikin ruwa ta amfani da sautuka.
Saurari kukan rowan dodo
An rarraba sautuna daidai cikin ruwa da ƙasa. Af, gaskiya mai ban sha'awa - hippopotamus na iya sadarwa tare da sauti koda kuwa yana da hancin hancin ne kawai a saman ruwa.
Gabaɗaya, kan ɗanɗano a saman ruwa yana da matukar kyau ga tsuntsaye. Ya faru cewa tsuntsaye suna amfani da shugaban dodo a matsayin tsibiri don kamun kifi.
Amma katon ba ya gaggawa don ya yi fushi da tsuntsayen, akwai kwayoyin cutuka da yawa a fatarsa, wadanda ke ba shi haushi sosai. Ko da kusa da idanu akwai tsutsotsi masu yawa da ke ratsawa hatta a ƙasan kwayar idanun. Tsuntsaye suna yi wa hippopotamus babban aiki ta hanyar sanya ƙwayoyin cuta a jiki.
Koyaya, daga irin wannan ɗabi'ar game da tsuntsaye, ba lallai bane mutum ya yanke shawarar cewa waɗannan mutane masu ƙiba masu yankewa ne. Hippopotamus na ɗaya daga cikin mafiya haɗari dabbobi a duniya. Fuskokin sa sun kai kusan rabin mita a girma, kuma da waɗannan fangaran ɗin yake cizawa cikin wata babbar kada a ƙiftawar ido.
Amma dabba mai fushi zata iya kashe wanda aka kashe ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Duk wanda ya harzuka wannan dabbar, hippopotamus na iya ci, tattaka, karya da hauka ko ja cikin zurfin ruwa.
Kuma babu wanda ya san lokacin da wannan fushin zai iya haifar. Akwai wata sanarwa da ke cewa hippos su ne 'yan uwan da ba za a iya hango su ba. Manya maza da mata na da haɗari musamman lokacin da sa arean kusa suke kusa da su.
Abinci
Duk da karfinta, fitowar sa da tsoratarwa, Hippopotamus itace ciyawar dabbobi... Da fitowar magariba, dabbobin suna zuwa wurin kiwo, inda akwai ciyawa mai yawa ga garken garken.
Hippos ba su da abokan gaba a cikin daji, duk da haka, sun fi son yin kiwo kusa da tafki, sun fi nutsuwa. Duk da haka, idan babu wadatacciyar ciyawa, za su iya tafiya kilomita da yawa daga wurin mai dadi.
Don ciyar da kansu, hippos dole su tauna ba fasawa na awanni 4-5 kowace rana, ko kuma, da daddare. Suna buƙatar ciyawa da yawa, kimanin kilogiram 40 a kowace ciyarwa.
Ana cin duk gandun daji, reeds da ƙananan harbe na shrubs da bishiyoyi sun dace. Yana faruwa, duk da haka, dantakun ya cinye gawa kusa da tafkin. Amma wannan lamarin yana da wuya sosai kuma ba al'ada bane.
Wataƙila, cin mushen sakamakon rashin lafiya ne ko rashin abinci mai gina jiki, saboda tsarin narkewar waɗannan dabbobi bai dace da sarrafa nama ba.
Abin sha'awa, Hippos ba su tauna ciyawa, kamar, alal misali, shanu ko wasu dabbobin dawa, suna yayyage ganye da haƙoransu, ko su ja shi da leɓunansu. Naman jiki, leben tsoka, wanda ya kai rabin mita a girma, suna da kyau don wannan. Yana da wuya a yi tunanin wane irin tsire-tsire zai zama ya cutar da irin leɓunan nan.
A wurin kiwo, kodayaushe kodayaushe suna tafiya wuri ɗaya kuma suna dawowa kafin wayewar gari. Yana faruwa cewa dabba tana yawo sosai don neman abinci. Bayan haka, bayan dawowar, hippopotamus zai iya yawo cikin wani bakon ruwa domin samun karfi, sannan yaci gaba da zuwa hanyar tafkinsa.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Ba a bambanta hippopotamus ta hanyar miƙa kai ga abokin tarayya. Haka ne, ba a bukatar hakan daga gare shi - a koyaushe mata za su kasance a cikin garken garken da ke tsananin bukatar "yin aure."
Namiji yana neman zaɓaɓɓen a hankali, yana shakar kowacce mace na dogon lokaci, yana neman wanda ya riga ya shirya don “taron saduwa”. A lokaci guda, yana nuna nutsuwa fiye da ruwa, ƙasa da ciyawa. A wannan lokacin, baya buƙatar komai cewa wani daga cikin garken ya fara sasanta abubuwa tare da shi, yana da wasu tsare-tsare.
Da zaran mace ta shirya saduwa, namiji yakan fara nuna mata alherinsa. Da farko dai, ya kamata a fitar da "budurwar" daga garken garken, don haka hippopotamus ya tsokane ta ya dauke ta cikin ruwa, inda ya isa sosai.
A ƙarshe, zawarcin maigidan ya zama mai kutsawa har mace ta yi ƙoƙari ta kore shi da muƙamuƙarinta. Kuma a nan namiji yana nuna ƙarfinsa da yaudara - ya cimma nasarar da ake so.
A lokaci guda, yanayin yanayin matar bai da dadi sosai - bayan duk, bai kamata kan nata ya fita daga ruwan ba. Bugu da ƙari, namiji baya barin “ƙaunataccen” nasa har ma ya sha iska. Dalilin da ya sa wannan ya faru ba a bayyana shi ba tukuna, amma akwai zato cewa a cikin wannan halin mace ta fi gajiya, kuma, sabili da haka, ta fi dacewa.
Bayan haka, kwanaki 320 sun wuce, kuma an haifi ƙaramin ɗa. Kafin a haifi jariri, mahaifiya takan zama mai saurin tashin hankali. Ba ta yarda da kowa a wurinta ba, kuma don kada ta cutar da kanta ko ɗan cikin da ke ciki, mahaifiya mai ciki ta bar garken garken kuma ta nemi wurin waha mai zurfi. Zata koma garken ne kawai bayan yaron ya cika kwanaki 10-14.
Jariri ya yi karami kaɗan, nauyinsa ya kai kilogiram 22 kawai, amma mahaifiyarsa tana kula da shi sosai don ba ya jin rashin tsaro. Af, a banza, saboda akwai lokuta da yawa yayin da maharan da ba su da haɗarin kai hari ga manya-manyan 'yan hippos suke ƙoƙari su ci abinci a kan irin waɗannan jariran. Saboda haka, uwa tana sanya ido sosai akan kowane mataki na 'ya'yanta.
Hoton jariri ne
Koyaya, bayan sun dawo cikin garken, mazan garken suna kula da mace da 'yar. Har tsawon shekara guda, uwar za ta shayar da jariri da madara, sannan za ta yaye shi daga irin wannan abinci. Amma wannan baya nufin maraƙin ya riga ya girma. Ya zama mai cikakken 'yanci ne kawai a cikin shekaru 3, 5, lokacin da balagar jima'i ta zo.
A cikin daji, waɗannan dabbobin ban mamaki suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 40 kawai. Wani abin sha'awa shine, akwai alaƙa kai tsaye tsakanin sanya molar da tsawon rai - da zaran an share haƙora, rayuwar ɗan dako ta ragu sosai. A cikin yanayin da aka kirkira, hippos na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 50 har ma da shekaru 60.
