Tumaki dabbobi masu shayarwa ne wadanda ke cikin dangi. Hakanan an saka awaki da sauran wakilan aikin artiodactyl a ciki. Kakannin tunkiya tumaki ne da na Asiya, waɗanda mutane suka mamaye gida shekaru dubu bakwai da suka gabata.
Yayin da ake binciken kayayyakin tarihi a yankin Asiya ta zamani, an gano ragowar kayan gida da sutturar da aka yi da ulu mai ulu mai laushi, tun karni na tara BC. Hotunan tumakin gida suna nan a kan abubuwa daban-daban na al'adun gargajiya da gine-gine, wanda ya tabbatar da yawan farin jinin tumakin ulu, wanda, amma, ba ya sauka a yau.
Fasali da mazaunin merino
Merino - Tumaki, wanda kai tsaye har zuwa karni na goma sha takwas yawancin Mutanen Espanya suka yi kiwonsa. An yi kiwonsu ne kimanin shekaru dubu da suka gabata daga kyawawan ulu, kuma tun daga lokacin mazauna yankin Iberian suka kare kishin abubuwan da aka zaɓa a fagen kiwon tumaki.
Duk wani yunƙuri na fitar da dabbobin wannan nau'in an danne shi ta hanyar zalunci kuma a mafi yawan lokuta an ƙare da hukuncin kisa ga waɗanda suka shirya satar. Sai bayan fatattakar Masarautar Spain a yakin da Ingila, aka fitar da merino daga kasar kuma suka bazu cikin Turai, wanda hakan ya haifar da wasu nau'o'in, irin su zabe, Infantado, Negretti, Mazayev, New Caucasian da Rambouillet.
Idan nau'ikan farko na farko ba su yadu ba saboda gaskiyar cewa dabbobin sun yi laushi sosai, tare da raunana rigakafi kuma sun ba da ulu kaɗan (daga 1 zuwa 4 kilogiram a kowace shekara), to, tumakin Mazayev ana kawowa daga kilo 6 zuwa 15 na kyawawan ulu a kowace shekara.
Soviet merino Hakan ya samo asali ne sakamakon tsallakewar dabbobi na sabon jinsin Caucasian, wanda shahararren masanin kimiyyar dabbobi PN Kuleshov ya haifa, tare da ragon Faransawa. A yau waɗannan tumakin ulu masu ulu suna ɗayan shahararru a cikin kiwon tumaki da ulu na ulu na yankin Volga, Urals, Siberia da yankunan tsakiyar Rasha.
Nauyin raguna masu girma na iya isa zuwa kilogiram 120, nauyin sarauniya daga 49 zuwa 60 kilogiram. Kuna iya dubawa hoton merino don samun ra'ayi na gani game da yawancin tsire-tsire na nau'in.Merino ulu yawanci yana da farin launi, tsawonsa yana tsakanin 7-8.5 cm a cikin sarauniya kuma har zuwa santimita 9 a raguna.
Fiber din kansa siriri ne wanda ba a saba gani ba (kusan sau biyar ya fi na ɗan adam sauki), ƙari ma, yana iya riƙe zafin jiki daidai da kare fatar dabbar daga danshi, dusar ƙanƙara da iska mai ƙarfi.
Wani fasali mai ban sha'awa na ulu ulu shine gaskiyar cewa kwata-kwata baya shan ƙanshin gumi. Abin da ya sa tufafi da aka yi da wannan zaren na zahiri suke buƙata a kusan dukkanin ƙasashen duniya.
A yau, merino ya zama gama gari kusan duk duniya. Ba su da ma'ana ga ciyarwa iri-iri, suna iya yin ta matsakaiciyar ruwa, kuma haƙurin dabbobi ya fi isa ga dogon miƙa mulki daga wani yanki zuwa wancan.
Saboda tsari na musamman na hakora da hakora, tumakin suna cizon mai tushe a ƙasan tushen. Saboda haka, suna iya yin kiwo na dogon lokaci a yankunan da dawakai da shanu suka kashe.
Koyaya, akwai yankuna inda merino basu da mahimmanci: waɗannan yankuna ne masu zafi da zafi mai zafi, wanda tumaki basa jurewa sosai. Australiya merino - nau'in tunkiya da aka kiwo kai tsaye a nahiyar ta Australiya daga lafiyayyen fulatan Faransa da Vermont na Amurka.
A halin yanzu akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'in, waɗanda suka bambanta a tsakanin kansu ta waje da ingancin ulu: "Lafiya", "Matsakaici" da "Mai ƙarfi". Ulu da dabbobin da ke kiwo a cikin kyakkyawan makiyaya da kwaruruka na Australiya sun ƙunshi mahimmin abu mai suna lanolin.
Yana da kyawawan halaye masu kare kumburi da ikon yaƙar ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Merino yarn mai kyau don yin abubuwa masu kyau da buɗewa, da kuma ɗumbin ɗumi mai dumi.
Tunda farashin sa a yau yayi tsada sosai, ana amfani dashi sau da yawa azaman haɗuwa a cikin cakuda tare da siliki na ɗabi'a ko cashmere. Irin waɗannan yadudduka suna haɓaka da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, taushi da taushi.
Merino tufafi na thermal wani samfuri ne na musamman wanda ba kawai yake kariya daga sanyi da ɗumi mai ƙarfi ba (zaren daga ulu na merino mai tsada ne), amma kuma yana taimakawa da irin cututtukan kamar osteochondrosis, rheumatism, cututtuka daban-daban na orthopedic da bronchopulmonary.
Bisa sake dubawa game da merino (mafi daidai, game da ulu na waɗannan dabbobin), kayayyakin da aka yi daga ciki na iya sauƙaƙa alamun cututtukan mashako na yau da kullun, tari da makamantan matsalolin kiwon lafiya a rana ta biyu ta sanya tufafi da aka yi da zaren halitta. Merino bargo ba ya haifar da halayen rashin lafiyan, yana inganta yanayin jini kuma yana shan mafi yawan wari.
Ba a riƙe danshi mai yawa a cikin zaren samfurin ba, hasali ma yana bushewa nan take. Kayan kwalliyar Merino suna da tsada sosai, amma dorewarsu da bayyanar su mai ban sha'awa sun sanya farashin farashi na irin waɗannan samfuran.
Mutane da yawa suna tambayar kansu waɗanne samfura sun fi dacewa - daga merino ulu ko alpaca? Ya kamata a lura cewa ƙarshen ba ya ƙunshe da keɓaɓɓen abu na lanolin, amma ana ɗaukarsa mafi dacewa da jarirai da jarirai.
Yanayi da salon rayuwar tumakin merino
Ga waɗanda suka yanke shawara su sayi merino, yana da daraja sanin game da halayen halayen waɗannan dabbobi. Ba kamar sauran wakilan dabbobin gida ba, tumaki suna da taurin kai, wawaye da kunya.
Inwafin garken garkensu ya sami ci gaba sosai, wanda ke nufin cewa a cikin babban garken merino suna jin sun fi kyau fiye da su kaɗai. Idan tumaki daya ya ware daga sauran garken, zai haifar da damuwa mai matukar wahala a tattare da ita tare da dukkan sakamakon da zai biyo baya ta hanyar rashin cin abinci, kasala da sauran alamomin.
Merino tumaki suna son dunkulewa cikin manyan duwatsu kuma suna tafiya ɗaya bayan ɗaya, wanda hakan yakan haifar da matsaloli da yawa yayin kiwo hatta ma gogaggun makiyaya. Kari kan haka, dabbobi suna da kunya sosai: suna jin tsoron kara, sararin samaniya da duhu, kuma idan akwai wata 'yar hatsari da zasu iya guduwa.
Don jimre wa garken dubban mutane, makiyaya suna amfani da wata dabara: sarrafa dabbar da ke jagorancin matsayi a cikin garken, suna tilasta duk sauran tumakin su matsa zuwa inda ake buƙata.
Abinci
A cikin watanni masu dumi, abincin na merino ya kamata ya ƙunshi ciyawar sabo, ganye da sauran ganye. Hakanan zaka iya ƙara ciyawa, gishirin dutsen, apples and karas a menu. A lokacin sanyi, ya zama dole a ciyar da merino tare da hatsi, sha'ir, garin fure, bran, kayan abinci da kayan lambu iri-iri. Ana ba da shawarar ƙara ɗakunan bitamin da ma'adinai daban-daban.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rayuwar tunkiyar Merino
Matan Merino sun kasance a shirye don kiwo tun suna da shekara guda. Ciki yakan kai makonni 22, bayan haka ana yawan haihuwar 'yan raguna biyu zuwa uku, wanda bayan mintuna 15 sai su fara shan madara, kuma bayan rabin sa'a su tsaya da kafafunsu.
Don inganta nau'in, a yau galibi masu shayarwa suna yin amfani da ƙwayar wucin gadi. Tsammani na rayuwar merino a cikin tsabtar muhalli na tsaunuka na Australiya na iya kaiwa shekaru 14. Lokacin da aka ajiye su a gona, matsakaiciyar rayuwar waɗannan tumakin daga 6 zuwa 7 shekaru.
