Duck Mandarin (Aix galericulata)

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Duck Mandarin (Aix galericulata) karamin tsuntsu ne wanda ya keɓaɓɓen nau'in agwagin daji da dangin agwagwa. Duck din mandarin ya yadu a cikin Gabas ta Tsakiya, amma wannan jinsin ya sami nasarar yaduwa sosai a cikin Ireland, California da Ireland. Sunayen da suka gabata na duckin mandarin su ne "agwagwar kasar Sin" ko "agwagin Mandarin".

Bayanin agwagin mandarin

Duck Mandarin karamin duck ne mai matsakaicin nauyin kilogiram 0.4-0.7. Matsakaicin tsayin babba na balagaggun bishiyar mandarin da ya balaga ya kai kimanin 21.0-24.5 cm Babban abin sha'awa shi ne kyallen kyakkyawar kyakkyawar tufafin maza na maza, haka nan kuma kasancewar akwai kyawawan launuka a kai.

Bayyanar

Daidai ne cewa duck mandarin - wannan shine mafi kyau da haske agwagwa duk abin da ke wanzu a yau. Wannan memba na dangin Duck ya fito fili a bayyane dangane da asalin agwagin daji na yau da kullun. Drakes suna da ban mamaki musamman, tare da kyawawan layu masu kyau, wanda ya bambanta da takurawa da launuka na yau da kullun a cikin daji. Maza suna da gashin tsuntsaye kusan dukkan launuka da inuwar bakan gizo, godiya ga wannan tsuntsu ya zama sanannen mai shahara kuma ya yadu a cikin China. Mata ba su da haske kamar drakes. Suna da dabi'a ta dabi'a, amma ba kwata-kwata "mai walƙiya", yanayin suna mai kyau da kyau. Daga cikin wadansu abubuwa, tsuntsun da ke balbala sun yi amfani da kakin da ba a gani ba don kamewa a lokacin kiwo da kiwo.

A cikin maza, tare da kowane nau'ikan tabarau a cikin launin labulen, launuka ba sa haɗuwa kwata-kwata kuma ba sa gauraya kwata-kwata, amma suna da iyakoki bayyanannu, iyakoki bayyananne. Toari ga wannan kyakkyawa yana wakiltar jan baki mai haske da gabobin lemu. Baya na mace yana da launi a launuka iri-iri masu launin ruwan kasa, yayin da yankin kansa yana da launin toka mai toka, kuma an gabatar da dukkan ɓangaren ƙananan cikin sautin fari. Akwai sauyi a hankali, mai matukar santsi tsakanin launuka da tabarau. Bakin balagaggen mata itace koren zaitun kuma ƙafafu ruwan lemu ne mai ja. A kan kan namiji da mace akwai sifa, kyakkyawa mara kyau.

An yi imanin cewa godiya ne ga asali da kuma hasken lawan duwar mandarin da suka sami suna mai ban mamaki. A yankin China, Vietnam da Korea, ana kiran manyan jami'ai masu martaba da daraja "Mandarins". Tufafin irin waɗannan mawadata masu wadata sun kasance sanannu sosai game da asalin talakawa, sun banbanta ba kawai a cikin ɗaukaka ta musamman ba, har ma da ƙawa ta ainihi. Kayan mata na agwagin mandarin maza yana haifar da irin wadannan ƙungiyoyi. Dangane da sigar da ba a saba da ita ba, sunan "agwagwar kasar Sin", ko "Duarin Mandarin", tsuntsaye ne suka samo ta saboda yawan kiwo da ake yi da kuma ajiye shi a tafkunan masarauta da tafkunan masarautar Sinawa.

Ya kamata a lura cewa drakes yana narkewa kai tsaye kafin zuwan lokacin sanyi, sabili da haka, a lokacin sanyi, suna kama da talakawa da ba a gani, wanda shine dalilin yawan harbe-harben da mafarauta ke yi.

Hali da halayya

Bayyanannen haske da haske ba shine sifa kawai ke wakiltar jinsin agwagin daji da dangin agwagwa ba. Irin wannan tsuntsu mai kamannin asali yana iya samar da sautuka masu daɗi da daɗi. Loudarfafawa da fitar da ƙarfi daga wasu nau'in duwatsu ya bambanta musamman a fili tare da sowa da busawa ta agwagwar mandarin. A ƙa'ida, tsuntsu mai yawan "magana" baya barin sadarwa koda lokacin haifuwa ne da kuma renon zuriya.

Sifofin halayyar "agwagin kasar Sin" ana iya danganta shi da tashi sama a tsaye, da kuma karfin tsuntsaye na yin wasu abubuwa masu rikitarwa. Manyan wannan jinsin suna motsawa kwata-kwata daga wannan reshe zuwa wancan. Duck din mandarin yana iyo sosai, yana zaune saman ruwa kuma yana lura da ɗaga jelarsa. Koyaya, irin wannan agwagwar ba ta son nutsuwa da yawa, don haka ta fi son nutsuwa a ƙarƙashin ruwa kawai idan ya zama dole, gami da samun rauni mai tsanani ko jin haɗari ga rayuwa.

Mandarin tsuntsu ne mai jin kunya da rashin amana, amma bayan lokaci yana iya amfani da mutane kuma a sauƙaƙe ya ​​iya hulɗa da mutum, ya zama cikakkiyar dabba mai laushi mai laushi.

Rayuwa da tsawon rai

Mafi yawanci, "agwagwar kasar Sin" tana zama kusa da kogunan tsaunuka masu gudana kusa da yankunan daji da yawa. Yanayin da ya dace da rayuwar mandarin bishiyoyi ne masu ɗimbin yawa tare da rassa masu yawa da ke lanƙwasa a saman ruwan. Haka kuma gandun daji da suke kwarara, wadatattu masu fadi da fadi kuma sun dace sosai da rayuwar irin wannan tsuntsu.

Duck din mandarin na iya iyo sosai, amma galibi yakan zauna akan duwatsu kusa da ruwa ko kuma akan rassan bishiyoyi. A halin yanzu an haramta farautar agwagin mandarin a matakin doka, kuma a tsakanin wasu abubuwa, an hada tsuntsayen a cikin littafin Red Book na kasarmu a matsayin jinsin da ba kasafai ake samunsa ba. A yau, ana narkar da agwagin mandarin a wuraren shakatawa a matsayin kayan kwalliya da tsuntsayen da ba su da kyau, wanda tsawon rayuwarsa ya kai kusan kwata na karni.

A karkashin yanayi na yanayi, matsakaicin tsawon rayuwar agwagwar mandarin ba zai wuce shekaru goma ba, kuma idan aka ajiye su a gida, irin wadannan wakilai na jinsin agwagin daji da dangin agwagwan suna iya rayuwa kadan kadan, saboda rashin masu farauta da kuma rigakafin lokaci na wasu cututtuka.

Wurin zama, mazaunin mandarins

Asalin rarrabuwa na agwagwar mandarin da wuraren yawan taro na irin waɗannan wakilai na jinsin agwagin daji yana cikin yankin gabashin Asiya. A cikin kasarmu, tsuntsaye masu kyaun kyakyawar sheka galibi a yankin Sakhalin da Amur, haka ma a yankin Khabarovsk da Primorsky. Wasu tsirarun mutane daga wannan nau'in sun shirya gida a Shikotan, inda aka samu ci gaban anthropogenic shimfidar wurare.

A yankin arewacin zangon, agwagin mandarin yana daga cikin nau'in tsuntsayen da basu da yawa. A matsayinka na mai mulki, manya da yara sun bar yankin Rasha a cikin shekaru goman ƙarshe na Satumba. Tsuntsaye suna zuwa hunturu a kasashe masu dumi kamar China da Japan. Nazarin ya nuna cewa yankin DPRK a ƙarshen karnin da ya gabata ba shi da yawan jama'a tare da agwagin daji na daji, amma wasu mutane na yin can can ba bisa ƙa'ida ba yayin dogon jirgin.

Abinci, abin da agwagwar mandarin ke ci

Abincin da aka saba da shi na agwagin mandarin kai tsaye ya dogara da inda wurin tsugunnar wakilin jinsin Duck yake. Nau'ikan nau'ikan irin wannan agwagwan sun fi son zama a wuraren da aka fi kariya tare da yawan ciyayi da ruwa, saboda haka iri na kowane irin tsirrai, gami da jinsunan ruwa, galibi suna zama tushen abinci.

Wani fasali na agarin mandarin shine gaskiyar cewa irin wadannan tsuntsayen suna matukar son acorn, wanda ya kunshi dimbin abubuwa masu amfani. Saboda kusancin wurin da ruwa yake, "agwagwar kasar Sin" na iya fadada yawan abincin da take da shi ba tare da abinci mai gina jiki ba, wanda mollusks ke wakilta, caviar na kowane irin kifi da kuma matsakaita matsakaita mazauna kogi. Tare da farin ciki agwagwan mandarin suna cin kowane irin ciyawar ruwa da na ƙasa, har da tsutsotsi.

A cikin kiwo na wucin gadi, yawancin abincin agwagwar mandarin manya ana samun wakilta ta hanyar amfanin gona kamar alkama, sha'ir, masara, shinkafa da sauran hatsi, da naman nama da kifi.

Sake haifuwa da zuriya

Lokacin saduwa don agwagwar mandarin yana tsakiyar tsakiyar bazara, kusan ƙarshen Maris da Afrilu. Balagaggun maza a wannan lokacin suna iya yin gwagwarmaya sosai a tsakanin su don jan hankalin mata. Duk ma'auratan da aka kafa a lokacin saduwa suna dagewa sosai, sun kasance cikin rayuwar "agwagwar kasar Sin". Idan ɗayan abokan haɗin gwiwa a cikin irin waɗannan ma'auratan suka mutu, to, wani tsuntsu ba ya neman mai maye gurbinsa. Bayan tsarin saduwar aure, agwagwar macen mata ta kafa gida, wacce za a iya samunta a cikin ramin itace da kuma kai tsaye a ƙasa. Ana cikin zabar gida gida, namiji ba tare da gajiyawa ba yana bin mace.

Bayan an sami wurin da ya dace don tsara gida, agwagwar ta tashi daga ƙwai bakwai zuwa goma sha biyu. Tangerines fara farawa, a matsayin mai mulkin, tare da farkon kwanciyar hankali, kusan ƙarshen Afrilu. Mace ta "agwagwar Sinawa" tana da alhakin aiwatar da ƙyanƙyashe zuriya da kan ta, kuma namiji a wannan lokacin yana samun abinci, wanda ke kawo agwagwarsa. A matsakaita, tsarin ƙyanƙyashewa yakan ɗauki kimanin wata guda. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, kajin da suka kyankyashe sun zama masu' yencin kai har su yi tsalle daga cikin gidansu.

Don samun ƙwarewa, mata da miji suna ɗaukar theaodan cikin tafki ko kuma zuwa babban filin ciyarwar. Tare da sauran tsuntsayen ruwa, ducklings na mandarin na iya shawagi cikin sauki da sauki a saman ruwa daga ranar farko bayan haihuwarsu. Idan kuma akwai wata 'yar hatsari, sai dukkan' ya'yan da agwagwar, da sauri su buya a cikin wani wuri mai dumbin yawa. A wannan halin, drake galibi yana shagaltar da abokan gaba, wanda ke ba da damar dangi duka su tsere.

Ducklings suna girma, a matsayin mai mulkin, da sauri, sabili da haka sun zama manya har zuwa wata ɗaya da rabi. A wannan lokacin, samari "agwagwan kasar Sin" sun riga sun mallaki wasu fasahohi kamar tashi sama da neman abinci, don haka matasa cikin nutsuwa su bar gidan iyayensu. Lokaci guda ana alakanta shi da canzawar plumage ta tangerine drake zuwa kayan kwalliya kwata-kwata. Sa'annan samari maza suna yin garken tumaki daban. A farkon kaka, narkakken ya ƙare, don haka mazan mandarin suka sake samun kyakkyawa da ɗaukaka. Ducks na Mandarin sun zama cikakkun balaga a cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwarsu, amma a wannan shekarun agwagwannin suna da ƙarancin ƙarfin haihuwa idan aka kwatanta da manya.

A lokacin kaka ne tsuntsaye daga yankuna mafi sanyi da rashin kwanciyar hankali don nau'ikan halittar thermophilic ke tashi zuwa yankuna masu dumi domin komawa wuraren ayyukansu tare da farkon bazara mai zuwa.

Makiya na halitta

Rage yawan agwagin mandarin da ke zaune da kuma gida a kasarmu yana da tasiri musamman ta hanyar farauta mara izini. Hakanan, wasu dabbobin da ba su da girma ko kuma tsuntsaye suna da mummunan tasiri akan yawan mutane. Ana aiwatar da harbe-harben agwagwa, a matsayin mai ƙa'ida, bayan canjin dutsen da namijin mandarin namiji ya yi.

Karen raccoon shine ɗayan maƙiyan makiya na yau da kullun da ke barazanar agwagin mandarin. Wannan dabbar da ke farautar ta farautar kajin sosai, amma kuma babbar barazana ce ga wadanda suka riga suka girma, tsuntsaye manya da kwai. A kan ruwa, ƙarin haɗari na iya zuwa daga otter kuma mafi girma manyan tsuntsayen ganima. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, gurguzuwar da ake yi da agwagin mandarin a cikin bishiya mai kaho za a iya lalata ta cikin sauƙi.

Duck din mandarin tsuntsu ne mai yanayin zafi, saboda haka yanayin zafin da ke ƙasa da 5 ° C yana da haɗari sosai ga rayuwarsa da ƙoshin lafiyarsa, kuma mafi ƙanƙantar duck sau da yawa galibi suna mutuwa koda tare da ɗan dogon lokacin rashin rani.

Kiwo a gida

Lokacin da ake kiwata agwagwar mandarin a gida, ya zama dole a zabi daban, karamin aviary tare da karamin tafki don tsuntsayen. Tare da tsayi na aviary na 200 cm, dole ne a shigar da nests da yawa masu dacewa a ciki:

  • tsawo - 52 cm;
  • tsawon - 40 cm;
  • nisa - 40 cm;
  • tare da mashiga - 12 × 12 cm.

An ba da izinin maye gurbin gidajen tsuntsaye na gargajiya da akwatunan gida na yau da kullun, an rataye su kuma an gyara su a tsayin 70-80 cm.Mata da yawa mata kan sa kama a kashin kansu, amma a wasu lokuta yana da kyau a yi amfani da incubator ko goyo don wannan dalili. Ya kamata a san cewa ducklings na mandarin ba su da ƙarfi ga yanayin damuwa da tsananin kunya, saboda haka zai iya zama da wuya a tashe su da kanku.

Ya kamata a ba da kulawa ta musamman ga shiri mai zaman kansa na abincin da za a ciyar da tsuntsaye:

  • abinci na hatsi na iya wakiltar masara, alkama, sha'ir, gero da hatsi;
  • ya kamata a kara cin abincin da garin alkama, waken soya da kuma sunflower;
  • don kula da lafiya, nama da ƙashi, kifi da ciyawar ciyawa, alli, gammarus da nikakken ɗan baƙi an kara su cikin abincin;
  • a lokacin rani, ana ƙara abinci tare da yankakken yankakken dandelion, salad, plantain da duckweed;
  • tare da farkon lokacin kaka, yana da kyau a kara acorns da karas a cikin abincin;
  • a lokacin narkar da abinci da lokacin kiwo, ya kamata a wakilta tushen abincin da reshe, da kuma hatsi iri-iri tare da kari na kifi da nikakken nama;
  • ya zama dole a daidaita yawan adadin danyen furotin, wanda bai kamata ya wuce 18-19% ba, wanda zai hana ci gaban uric acid diathesis a cikin tsuntsaye.

Don haka, kamar yadda abubuwan lura suka nuna, manyan agwagin mandarin suna da sauƙin kiyayewa, kuma sun dace sosai da sanyawa cikin jinsin tarin tarin abubuwa. A lokacin bazara, buɗaɗɗun wurare zai zama mai kyau ga irin wannan tsuntsu, kuma a cikin ɗakunan hunturu ya zama tilas a samar da tafki na wucin gadi tare da sauyawa akai akai, ruwa mai tsabta. Ya kamata a sayi tsuntsu ne kawai a cikin ingantattun kuma ingantattun wuraren nursery waɗanda ke da nasu gonar don kiwo irin wannan tsuntsu na musamman mai kyau.

Bidiyo game da agwagin mandarin

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Kalli bidiyon: Pond life - Mandarin ducks. Aix galericulata 1 (Nuwamba 2024).