Fasali da mazauninsu
Mahaya (Parasitica) babban dangi ne na kwari, bambancinsu ya kunshi kusan jinsuna dubu ɗari daban-daban. Tsuntsaye suna jagorantar hanyar rayuwa ta rayuwa, wanda mata ke gabatarwa a jikin wasu kwari.
Yayin aiwatar da kwanciya, mace baliga, kamar yadda ake iya lura da ita hoton mahayi, yana saman wanda aka yiwa rauni, kamar mahayin doki, wanda shine asalin sunan.
Masu doki, dangane da nau'in, na iya samun nau'ikan girma dabam-dabam. Ba su da komai (ba su wuce milimita a girma ba), kazalika da babba (har zuwa tsawon santimita da yawa). Yawancin membobin wannan dangi suna da fuka-fuka masu kyau. Ciki mai tsayi ne da dogon eriya.
Ana kiran mahaya sau da yawa ganyen parasitic, wanda wasu nau'ikan, a zahiri, suke da kamanni na waje. Koyaya, mahaya ba su mallaki irin wannan kwayar ba. Don aiwatar da ayyukansu mai mahimmanci, ba lallai ba ne.
Maimakon haka, mata suna da ovipositor wanda zai iya kaiwa da girman gaske idan aka kwatanta da girman ƙwarin kansa. Misali, a wasu jinsi na Megarhyssa, wannan gabar tana da siriri, tsauri kuma doguwa, girmanta ya ninka na ciki, kuma tana da ikon shiga kututtukan itace.
Megarhyssa perlata ana daukarta a matsayin jinsin da ba safai ake samun sa ba kuma ana kiyaye shi ta jihar. An samo shi musamman a cikin gandun daji. Kwarin kwalliyar lemu ne, haka kuma ratsin fari da baki a ciki.
Nau'in mahaya ana samun su a kusan dukkan nahiyoyi. Braconids manyan wakilai ne na ɗayan tsaran dawakai. A wasu lokuta, mutane na iya kai tsawon cm 5. Mafi yawan lokuta, kwari suna launin ruwan kasa masu launin toka-toka masu launin rawaya. Kuma an bayyana nau'ikan irin wadannan kwayoyin cutar kusan dubu 15.
A cikin hoton, mahayin braconid
Trichogramma wakilin microscopic ne na waɗannan kwari. Kuma akwai kusan nau'in 200. Waɗannan halittu suna da jiki masu ɗoki da eriya, suna da launin ruwan kasa da baƙi. Sau da yawa ana rarraba shi a kan gonakin noma. Rider rawaya - mazaunin gandun daji da ciyawa. Girmansa ya kai santimita daya da rabi ko biyu. Musamman galibi yakan kama idanun mazauna Yammacin Turai a lokacin bazara da kaka.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Mahaya mafi yawanci sukan zauna kusa da jikin ruwa tsakanin ciyawar furanni, suna buƙatar ɗimbin zafi. Manya na wannan dangi galibi suna fara motsa jiki cikin dare, suna neman masu karɓar bakuncin larvae ɗin da suke gabatar dasu.
Kwayoyin kwari na Parasitic sun banbanta da dabarunsu na ban mamaki. Misali, shawagi a kan bishiya ko hawa tare da gangar jikin ta, suna iya jin daidai yadda yakamata ta kaurin bawon: inda ake ajiye tsutsar beetles, wanda zai iya zama ganimar su.
Shin mahaɗan kwari yana da haɗari ga mutane?? Wakilan wannan dangin sunada amfani ga mutane. Su ne masu kare gandun daji marasa ganuwa, masu isar da tsire-tsire daga ƙwarin beetles da caterpillars. Yawancin nau'in wasp suna da amfani sosai wajen kashe kwari. Kuma mutane suna amfani dasu musamman don irin waɗannan dalilai a cikin aikin noma.
Mahaya suna shawo kan dubban dubban kwari da ke lalata amfanin gona. Kare rumbunan ajiyar abinci da filaye tare da taimakon mahaya yana sa a sami sauƙin rage yawan guba da ake amfani da ita da ke da lahani ga lafiya da mahalli.
Mahaya ba sa wakiltar wani haɗari ga mutane. Koyaya, akwai wasu nau'ikan mahaya waɗanda zasu iya ciji. Irin waɗannan samfuran suna kama da wasps. Suna iya ba mutum jin daɗi. Amma gaba ɗaya mahaya ciji gaba daya mai lafiya.
Abinci
Manya na megarhyssa perlata, waɗanda suka gwammace cinye tsirran furannin da kansu, suna gabatar da ƙwayoyinsu a cikin kwari da ke tsiro a cikin bawon bishiyoyi, suna kwanciya dasu a hanyoyin da waɗannan kwari sukeyi.
DA wasp larvaeda kasancewa masu aiki tuƙuru a cikin neman abinci, su da kansu suna neman abincinsu, suna haɗewa da jikin wanda aka azabtar. Yawancin masu wankin ichneumon ba sa cin naman wasu kwari, wasu kuma ba sa cin komai sam. Amma suna neman abin da ya dace don ciyar da tsutsa.
Wasps, tururuwa, beetles da caterpillars, a wasu yanayi, kunama da gizo-gizo na iya zama abin cutar ga mahaya. Braconids sun saba da amfani da harshen wuta na katako da kuma butterflies butterwlies don ciyarwa, amma kuma suna iya cutar da hannun junan mutane, lalata kayan yaji, kayan kamshi, busassun 'ya'yan itace, hatsi da gari.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Kwari kwari galibi suna hayayyafa sosai a lokacin bazara, daga inda adadinsu ke ƙaruwa sosai. Mahayin kwari allurar ƙwai a jikin waɗanda aka cutar. A lokaci guda, ana allurar ƙwayoyin cuta na musamman a cikin ƙwayoyin masu ɗauka (runduna), suna ɗaukar garkuwar jiki gaba ɗaya.
Kubiyoyi suna kyankyashewa daga ƙwai, waɗanda ke ciyar da gabobin ciki na masu jigilar su, wanda daga nan suke mutuwa. Bugu da ƙari, waɗanda abin ya shafa na iya ci gaba da rayuwa koda kashi goma cikin ɗari na abin da ke cikin su ya rage.
Wannan yakan faru ne gab da ɗalibin yara ko bayan ɓarkewar hunturu. Rashin lafiyar larvae ya bayyana kansa ta hanyoyi daban-daban, wasu sun zaɓi nau'in ƙwaya ɗaya a matsayin masu ɗauka, wasu kuma na iya amfani da nau'ikan masauka daban-daban.
Hakanan akwai hanyoyi da yawa don yin hakan. Ectoparasites suna zaɓar kwari waɗanda ke haɓaka cikin itace da fruitsa fruitsan itace daban-daban a matsayin masu ɗauka, gabatar da ƙwai a kusancin wanda abin ya shafa ko a cikinsu. Superparasites suna cutar da sauran ƙwayoyin cuta. Har ila yau, akwai manyan wurare na manyan umarni.
Saboda wannan dalili, yunƙurin kiwo mahaya don kashe kwari ba koyaushe yake cin nasara ba. Kuma kawai suna bayar da kwarin gwiwa ne don fitowar wasu halittu na wasps, wadanda ke kula da danginsu, wanda ke rage yawansu sosai. Don haka, yanayi yana ƙoƙarin kiyaye daidaituwa. Mafarauta suna kwan ƙwai a kan kwari, yayin da ake amfani da guba mai lahani a kan wanda aka azabtar.
Kuma bayan rabin yini, larvae ƙyanƙyashe a kan dako, wanda yawanci yawanci kusan dozin biyu ne. A cikin fewan kwanaki suna wucewa duk matakan ci gaba, suna kashe wanda aka kashe. Bayan sun zama 'yan leƙen asiri kuma sun wuce cikin yanayin manya, su da kansu basa rayuwa mai tsawo.
Lokaci daidai ya dogara da jinsi. Mata na iya rayuwa na kimanin wata ɗaya. Maza ba su fi kwana goma ba. Wasu nau'ikan mahaya sun daɗe sosai. Idan aka sami nasarar hunturu, tsawon rayuwarsu na iya zuwa watanni 9.
