Za'a iya kiran wakilin tsuntsaye wanda ba safai ba tsuntsun kifi... Wannan dangin sun kunshi jinsi daya da jinsin dangin Skopin, umarnin shaho, da kuma kananan kabilu hudu.
A cikin tatsuniyoyin Slavic, ana kiran wannan ɗan tsuntsu mai wuya tsuntsu mai kisa, yana gaskanta cewa ƙafafuwanta masu dafi suna kawo mutuwa. Don haka, ya kasance da sauƙi ga mutanen zamanin wancan lokacin su bayyana cututtukan da ba su san magani ba. Yanzu osprey tsuntsu ne kawai, ɗayan da yawa masu ban sha'awa da ƙarancin isa.
Bayyanar tsuntsu
A cikin bayyanar ospu mai sauƙin rarrabewa daga sauran tsuntsaye na ganima breeds, ana iya ganin wannan a cikin mahara hoto... Waɗannan manyan mutane ne, masu fikafikan kafa kusan 1.8, tsawon jiki kusan 60 cm kuma nauyinsa kusan kilo 2. Mata sun fi girma, yayin da maza suka kai kimanin kilogiram 1.6.
Baya baya launi mai duhu, yayin da ciki da kirji kusan fari ne. Mata sun fi maza duhu kaɗan, kuma a wuyansu ana iya yin kwalliyar maroon, kuma a gefen kai daga ido akwai ratsi mai duhu. Kafafun launuka masu dauke da gubar da kuma irises masu launin rawaya sun kammala kyan gani.
Wurin tsuntsaye na Osprey
Wannan tsuntsayen, duk da karancin yawansu, an rarraba shi a duk duniya. Nau'o'in kiwo kuma suna zaune a duk nahiyoyi banda Antarctica.
Ba a sani ba ko ospreys suna kiwon Kudancin Amurka, amma suna ziyarci Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay don hunturu a can. An shirya wuraren kwana a lokacin hunturu a Masar da tsibirin Bahar Maliya.
Hakanan ana samun shi a lokacin sanyi a Gabashin Asiya, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines. Yankin Arewacin duniya ya ba su mafaka a Alaska, Amurka, Florida da kuma gabar Tekun Mexico.
Kuma a lokacin rani, ospreys suna rayuwa ko'ina cikin Turai, suna isa Scandinavia da Iceland. Wani lokaci ana iya samun tsuntsun a Australia da Solomon Islands. Osprey yana zaɓar wurare don yin shaƙatawa kusa da ruwayen da ba su da nisa - koguna, tabkuna, fadama. Tunda yawancin abincin shine kifi.
Gidajen gini an gina su kilomita 3-5 daga tafkin, amma kuma suna iya sauka a kan wani babban tsibiri wanda yake tsaye a cikin ruwa, a kan dutse mai duwatsu, yi amfani da tsohuwar bishiya tare da cokali mai yatsu ko kuma ƙugiyar da aka watsar da ita.
Babban abu shi ne cewa wurin ya kasance amintacce, wanda ba zai yiwu ba ga masu lalata daga ƙasa. Tsuntsaye suna tashi daga gida daga nesa kimanin kilomita 14. Tsuntsayen da basu riga sun zama iyaye ba suna tafiya ƙasa kaɗan.
Ciyar tsuntsu na Osprey
Kwalliya - haifuwa angler, kuma yafi ciyar da kifi. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa ta gina gidanta kusa da ruwan sha. Baya ga kifi, wanda, tare da samun nasarar kamun kifi, ya kai kusan 100% na abincin, osprey na iya farautar ƙananan tsuntsaye, kadangaru, macizai, kwadi, squirrels, bera, muskrats, kifi kifi, da zomaye.
Tsarin farauta, kamar yawancin tsuntsayen ganima, yana gudana akan tashi. Daga tsayin mitoci 15-40, kabewa tana neman wanda aka azabtar, da an gan ta sai ta nitse ƙasa, ta sa ƙafafuwanta a gaba, tare da janye fikafikanta. Idan aka zabi kifi a matsayin ganima, to tsuntsun sai ya cusa fikarsa a cikin ruwa, ya kamo shi sannan ya dauke shi sama tare da bangayen fikafikansa masu karfi.
Abin farauta ba zai iya tserewa daga farcen ba, kaifi kamar allurai, musamman tunda an tsara su don riƙe kifi mai santsi. A yayin tafiyar, tsuntsun yana kokarin juya kifin ne don kar ya lalata yanayin tafiyar - ya rike ganima da hannu daya, yayi gaba, sai kuma jelar ta dawo da shi dayan.
Osprey na iya ɗaga nauyi zuwa kilogram 2. Game da tilasta yin ruwa don ganima, ana kiyaye osprey daga ruwa ta hanyar shafa mai mai laushi da fuka-fuki na musamman akan hancin hancin. Osprey yana fara cin kifi daga kai, kuma idan mahaifin mai kulawa da iyali ya kama ganimar, to zai ɗauki rabin abincin zuwa gida.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rayuwar tsuntsu mai kwalliya
Osprey da ke zaune a Arewacin Hemisphere ya tashi zuwa yankuna masu dumi don hunturu. Wasu na iya dawowa kuma su zauna na dindindin a kudu. Wasannin wasan kwaikwayo na '' arewa '' ospreys suna farawa daga Afrilu-Mayu, yayin da mazaunan kudu ke fara su a watan Fabrairu-Maris. Osprey tsuntsu ne wanda yake shi kaɗai, amma a lokacin kiwo yakan samar da nau'i biyu waɗanda zasu ci gaba har tsawon shekaru.
Maza ne farkon wadanda suka fara isa gidajen da suke gida, kuma daga baya matan suka bayyana. Saurayin sun fara ba da umarnin pirouettes, don haka suna saduwa da mata da kuma kore masu fafatawa.
"Ma'aurata" sun sami junan su, kuma samari sun gina sababbin ma'aurata. Bayan sun yanke shawara akan zabin juna, sun fara shirin haifuwa. Mace tana aikin gina gida daga kayan ginin da namiji ya samo.
Ana zaɓar wurin da za a yi gida gida a cokali mai yatsa a cikin babban itace, a kan dutsen da ke kan dutse, ko kuma a dandamali wanda mutane suka kirkira Mutane da yawa suna yin waɗannan rukunin yanar gizon don ɓaure, kamar yadda a Rasha al'ada ce ta gina akwatunan gida don ƙananan tsuntsaye.
Abubuwan don gida shine algae, sandunansu, rassa. Tsuntsaye na iya mamaye wani tsohon gida na baƙo, sabunta shi da amfani da shi. Gabaɗaya, ma'aurata sukan yi amfani da rukunin gida ɗaya na tsawan shekaru da yawa a jere, suna yin gyara a can kowace shekara.
Lokacin da gida ya gama shiri, Namiji zai fara kai abinci can ya ciyar da wanda aka zaba. An lura cewa mafi yawan abincin da mace take samu daga “mijinta”, hakan zai sa ya samu damar saduwa da ita da wuri.
Mace tana sanya fararen ƙwai da ɗigo biyu masu launin ruwan kasa, ƙarami kaɗan, mai nauyin gram 60. Shiryawa yana ɗaukar makonni 5. Mafi yawanci mace takan cire kajin, amma wani lokacin namiji yakan maye gurbinta.
Kodayake, galibi yakan sami abinci ga zaɓaɓɓen. Bugu da ƙari, na biyun ba ya shirye koyaushe ya jira ta ɗaya - idan ba zai iya ciyar da ita ba, to mace za ta nemi abinci daga maƙwabta maza.
Chickajin da aka kyankyashe suna balaga tare da fari ƙasa kuma suna da nauyin gram 60. Suna da shekaru daban-daban, tunda ana sanya ƙwai a tsakanin tsakanin kwanaki 1-2, to kajin suna bi da bi.
Idan babu wadataccen abinci, ƙarami da ƙarami, a ƙa'ida, mutu. A makonni biyu na farko, kajin suna bukatar dumin uwa, kuma sai bayan sati 4 zata iya barinsu ita kadai.
Kaji suna fantsama da kimanin watanni biyu da haihuwa, kuma suna fara ƙoƙarin farauta. Amma koda a reshe, suna iya ziyartar gida na asali na wasu watanni 10. Sun balaga ne kawai da shekara uku. Osprey na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 25, amma yawancin tsuntsaye suna mutuwa suna da shekaru 8-10.
A halin yanzu fure ba wani nau'in haɗari bane, amma saboda cewa shine kawai wakilin iyalinta, an haɗa shi a ciki Littafin Ja Rasha da Belarus.
Bugu da kari, lambobin ta sun dawo ba da dadewa ba, a tsakiyar karni na 19 lamarin ya kasance mai wahala. A wancan lokacin, an yi amfani da magungunan ƙwari sosai, wanda kusan ya kashe ta.
