A zamanin da, mutane suna bautar Elk. Ana iya samun zane tare da hotonsa a kan sarcophagi, kaburbura, a cikin kogo.
Mutanen Siberia sun yi imanin cewa tsohuwar tauraruwar Ursa Major da Milky Way sun samu ne lokacin da mutane suke farautar muz. Apaches suna da labari game da ɓarna, kuma Indiyawan Kanada, akasin haka, suna yaba wa masu martaba. Na yau giwan dabbobi sananne ne ga kowa kuma yana cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa.
Yankin Elk
Yawan jimillar mutane kusan miliyan daya da rabi. Kimanin rabin yawan mutanen suna zaune a Rasha. Amma ban da kan iyakokin kasarmu, wadannan dabbobin suna rayuwa a Turai (Poland, Czech Republic, Belarus, Hungary, the Baltic States), sun mamaye arewacin Ukraine, Scandinavia.
A cikin ƙasashen Turai da aka ambata a baya, an lalata gwanin a ƙarni na 18 - 19. Daga baya, an sake dawo da yawan jama'a albarkacin matakan kiyayewa, sabunta gonakin gandun daji, da kuma hallaka dabbobin da ke cin naman giwa - kerkeci.
Ta mamaye arewacin Mongolia da arewa maso gabashin China zuwa yankunan arewacin Siberia. Arewacin Amurka kuma ya zama gidan Elk, inda ya zauna a Alaska, Kanada da arewa maso gabashin Amurka.
Elk yana zaune a cikin gandun daji da bishiyoyi - bishiyoyin bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi, dazuzukan aspen, dazukan willow tare da bankunan koguna da tabkuna. A cikin tundra da steppe, muza na iya zama nesa da daji. Amma suna son gandun daji da aka gauraye, inda aka samu ci gaba sosai.
Yanayi mai matukar mahimmanci ga mazaunin lokacin bazara na Elk shine tafkunan ruwa, waɗanda suke da mahimmanci don ceto daga zafin bazara, da kuma ƙarin abinci. A lokacin sanyi, suna kiwo a cikin dazuzzuka da gandun daji. Ba sa son dusar ƙanƙara mai zurfin gaske, kuma suna rayuwa ne kawai a cikin wuraren da ba zai faɗi fiye da rabin mita ba.
Idan dusar ƙanƙarar ta yi zurfi, suna yawo wasu wurare. Wannan yakan faru ne a ƙarshen kaka. Da farko, mata suna tafiya tare da 'yan maruƙa, sa'annan manyan samari suna riskar su. Tafiyar dawowa tana faruwa a farkon bazara, lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara ke narkewa. Dabbobi na iya tafiya kusan kilomita 15 a kowace rana.
Moose fasali
Elk shine mafi girma a cikin dangin barewa. Balagaggen namiji yana da nauyin kilogram 600., Tare da tsayin jikinsa na mita 3, tsayinsa yakai mita 2.4. Mata sun fi ƙanana girma.
Za a iya rarrabe babban muzna daga mace ta manyan hankulan antar. Girman su na iya zuwa mita 1.8 faɗi kuma ya kai kilo 30. Gaskiya ne, tururuwa ba irin wannan manuniya ce ta bambancin jima'i ba - kowane ɓoyayyen kaka ba su da wannan alamar.
Sun zubar da tururuwansu bayan lokacin ruttuwa da suka gabata domin sake fara shuka su a cikin bazara. Tsohuwar dabbar, mafi yawan rassa a kansa. Namiji kuma yana da “kunne” - yaɗuwar fata ta fata a ƙarƙashin maƙogwaro.
Bayyanar dutsen baƙon abu ne mai ban mamaki; wannan dabbar daji ta bambanta da sauran barewar. Kuna iya yin hukunci da wannan ta mahara hoton muz.
Hakanan zaka iya cewa saniyar muzuwa ba ta da kuɗi kaɗan - ƙafafu suna da tsayi dangane da jiki, wani ɗan tudu a baya, babban kan hunchbacked mai ɗanɗano na leɓe na sama. Amma har yanzu, kamar dukkanin wakilan duniyar dabbobi, suna da mashahuri tare da wakilan kishiyar jinsi na jinsin su.
Moose yana da kyakkyawar ji da ƙamshi, amma rashin gani sosai. Idan mutum ya tsaya cak, gobarar ba za ta lura da shi ba ko da tazarar mita 20-30. Moose ƙwararrun masu ninkaya ne, suna son ruwa duk a matsayin tserewa daga tsakiya da kuma tushen abinci.
Idan wannan babbar dabbar tana so ta kare kanta, to ba ta amfani da kahonninta, za ta yaki masu farauta da kafafunta na gaba. Amma ba sa rikici, idan har akwai damar tserewa, to ba za su shiga fada ba.
Salon Moose
Elks za a iya raba shi zuwa ƙananan raƙuman ruwa da yawa, bisa ga maɓuɓɓuka daban-daban akwai daga 4 zuwa 8. subsananan Alaskan sune mafi girma, na iya kaiwa nauyin 800 kilogiram. Mafi ƙanƙanci shine nau'ikan Ussuri, wanda aka rarrabe shi da ƙaho irin na barewa (ba tare da ruwan wukake ba). Moose yana aiki a lokuta daban-daban na shekara. Ya dogara da yanayin zafin jiki.
A cikin tsananin zafi na bazara, sun gwammace ɓoyewa daga kwari a cikin manyan duwatsu, zurfin wuya a ruwa ko cikin farin ciki mai iska. Suna fita ciyarwa a daren sanyi. A cikin hunturu, akasin haka, suna ciyarwa da rana, kuma suna hutawa da dare. A cikin tsananin sanyi mai tsananin gaske, sukan fada cikin dusar ƙanƙara, wanda ke ɗumama dabbobi kamar kogo.
Irin waɗannan wuraren da Elk ke yin hunturu ana kiran su sansani, kuma wurin su ya dogara da wuraren da akwai ƙarin abinci. Mafi yawanci waɗannan ƙananan yatsun itace ne na pine a tsakiyar Rasha, willows ko kuma bishiyoyin dwarf birches a Siberia, bishiyoyin bishiyoyi a cikin Gabas ta Gabas.
Dabbobi da yawa na iya taruwa a sansani ɗaya. An yi rikodin kusan muras ɗari a cikin kadada 1000 na gandun dajin Priobsk. Moose ba dabbobi ba ne masu son shiga jama'a, galibi suna tafiya ɗaya bayan ɗaya, ko kuma mutane 3-4 sun hallara.
A lokacin bazara, dabbobi dabbobi wasu lokuta sukan haɗu da mata tare da yean shekaru, kuma a lokacin hunturu, ƙaramin garke ya haɗa da mata matasa da kuma ɗaliban shekara ɗaya da rabi. Da zuwan bazara, wannan ƙaramin kamfanin zai sake watsewa.
Abinci
Abincin Elk ya kunshi kowane irin bishiyoyi, mosses, lichens, namomin kaza, tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsayi (ba za su iya tsinke ciyawar ba saboda girmansu da gajeriyar wuyansu), harbe-harbe da ganye na bishiyoyi (tokar dutse, birch, aspen, ceri tsuntsaye da sauran nau'ikan shrubs).
Muzansu suna riƙe reshe da manyan leɓunansu kuma suna cinye dukkan ganye. A lokacin rani suna son neman abinci a jikin ruwa, suna iya tsayawa da kawunansu a cikin ruwa na kimanin minti ɗaya kuma zaɓi shuke-shuke na ruwa daban-daban (marigold, lily water, egg capsule, horsetail).
Da zuwan kaka, sai su matsa zuwa rassa, haushi daga bishiyoyi. Lokacin da akwai abinci da yawa, a lokacin bazara, muzari yana cin kusan kilo 30, yayin da lokacin sanyi kawai kilogiram 15 kawai. Babban adadi na cutar dazuzzuka, yayin da dabba ɗaya ke cin kimanin tan 7 na ciyayi a shekara. Elks suna buƙatar gishiri, wanda suke lasawa akan hanyoyi, ko ziyarci leken gishirin da masu tsaron wasan suka shirya musamman.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Da zuwan kaka, kusan a cikin Satumba, elks fara rutting. Maza suna yin sautuka masu ƙarfi, suna yin kahonninsu a kan bishiyoyi, suna karya rassan, kamar suna gayyatar wasu mazan ne don su yaƙi mace.
Bayan sun sami mace, sai suka bi ta, suka hana wasu dabbobi kusantar ta. A wannan lokacin, suna da rikici sosai. Yakin da ake yi tsakanin mazan manya biyu wani lokacin yakan ƙare da mutuwar mai rauni. A cikin yaƙe-yaƙe masu zafi, baƙar fata ba don garken tumaki ba, amma na mace ɗaya kawai - dabbobi ne masu auren mata daya.
Sai dai yaushe Elk suna gida kuma galibi mata suna cikin garken. Sannan namiji daya dole ne ya rufe mata da yawa, wanda ba daidai bane.
Bayan watanni biyu na zawarci, saduwa tana faruwa, kuma bayan ranakun 230-240 sai a haifi jariri. Ya danganta da yawan abinci da kuma yanayi mai kyau, an haifi 'yan maruƙa 1-2 a cikin zuriyar dabbobi. Amma wanda ya fi yawan mutuwa a farkon kwanaki ko makonnin rayuwa.
A cikin makon farko na rayuwa, ɗan maraƙin maraƙi yana da rauni ƙwarai kuma ba zai iya motsawa da sauri ba, don haka yana da dabarar kariya ɗaya kawai - ya kwanta a cikin ciyawa kuma ya jira haɗarin. Gaskiya ne, yana da mai tsaro mai kyau - babbar mahaifiyarsa. Zata yi iya kokarinta don kare ‘ya’yanta, wani lokacin cikin nasara.
Ko da bera wani lokacin yakan mutu saboda bugu na ƙafafun kafafu na ɗan tarko. Daga baya, zai iya samun ƙarfin gwiwa ya riƙe ƙafafunsa ya bi mahaifiyarsa. A wannan lokacin, kawai ya san yadda ake cin ganye, wanda yake a matakin girman sa.
Daga baya, zai koyi durƙusawa don hango ciyawar da lanƙwasa ƙananan bishiyoyi don samun sabbin ganyaye. Calan sandunan Moose suna ciyar da madara na kusan watanni 4. A kan wannan abincin, ɗan maraƙi mai nauyin 6-16 kilogiram. sabon haihuwa zai kai kilogiram 120-200 kafin kaka.
Elks ana son su rayu na kimanin shekaru 25, amma a cikin mawuyacin yanayi na daji, galibi suna rayuwa ne kawai rabin ransu. Wannan saboda bera ne, kerkeci da ke farautar dabbobi marasa lafiya, da tsofaffi, ko akasin haka, yara ƙanana. Bugu da kari, giwan dabba ne na wasa, ana ba da izinin farashi daga Oktoba zuwa Janairu.
