Wannan rukuni na jellyfish, daga rukunin masu rarrafe, yana da kusan nau'in 20 kawai. Amma duk suna da haɗari sosai, har ma ga mutane.
Wadannan sunayen jellyfish saboda suna da tsarin dome. Daga guba kwalin jellyfish mutane da dama sun mutu. To su wanene, waɗannan bakin teku ko ruwan teku?
Gidan jellyfish na mazaunin gida
Wannan nau'in yana zaune a cikin ruwa mai yanayin zafi da yanayin zafi mai zafi da gishirin teku. A cikin tekun canjin yanayi, an rubuta nau'ikan jinsuna biyu na waɗannan jellyfish. Wani karamin nau'in, Tripedalia cystophora, yana rayuwa a saman ruwa kuma yana iyo tsakanin tushen mangroves a Jamaica da Puerto Rico.
Wannan jellyfish ne mara lahani, wanda ke rayuwa cikin sauƙi da sake haifuwa cikin kamamme, don haka ya zama abin bincike a Faculty of Biology a Sweden.
Ruwan Philippines da Ostiraliya masu ruwa mai zafi sun zama gida akwatin jellyfish na Australiya (Chironex fleckeri). Ananan, waɗanda aka killace daga iska, kwalliya tare da ƙasan yashi sune wuraren da suka fi so.
A cikin yanayi mai sanyi suna zuwa kusa da rairayin bakin teku, musamman a sanyin safiya ko maraice, suna iyo kusa da gabar ruwa. A lokutan zafi na yini, sukan nitse cikin zurfin sanyi.
Fasali na akwatin jellyfish
Masana kimiyya har yanzu suna jayayya game da dangantakar kifin jellyfish zuwa wani keɓaɓɓen rukuni ko aji mai zaman kansa. Ofungiyar ƙungiyar scyphoid coelenterates sun haɗa da kuma kwalin jellyfish, amma ba kamar sauran wakilan ba, jellyfish na akwatin suna da wasu takamaiman fasali na musamman. Babban bambanci shine na waje - siffar dome akan yanke shine murabba'i ko rectangular.
Duk jellyfish suna da shinge na shinge zuwa digiri daban-daban, amma jellyfish na akwatin sun fi wasu. Wannan shine mafi yawan kifin jellyfish, wanda ke iya kashe mutum da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin sa masu guba.
Ko da taƙaitaccen taɓawa, mummunan ƙonawa zai kasance a jiki, mummunan ciwo zai faru kuma wanda aka azabtar zai fara shaƙa. Tare da tuntuɓar kullun tare da tanti kwalin jellyfish (misali, idan mutum ya shiga cikin su, kuma babu ɗaya ciza) mutuwa tana faruwa a cikin minti 1-2.
A lokutan sanyaya, yawancin jellyfish sun je bakin teku, sannan kuma mutane da yawa sun zama abin cutarsu. Ba su da niyyar kai wa mutum hari, akasin haka, lokacin da masanan suka kusanto, suna iyo ne.
Wani fasalin fasalin jellyfish shine hangen nesa. Idanun ɗakin da ke da kyau sosai, kamar a cikin ganyayyaki, suna da kyawawan kayan gani. Amma mayar da hankali shine irin wannan jellyfish da wuya ya rarrabe ƙananan bayanai, kuma kawai ya ga manyan abubuwa. Idanu shida suna cikin ramuka a haɗe a gefen ƙararrawar.
Tsarin ido ya hada da kwayar ido, cornea, ruwan tabarau, iris. Amma, idanu ba su da alaƙa da tsarin juyayi na kwalin jellyfish, don haka har yanzu ba a bayyana yadda suke gani ba.
Box jellyfish salon
An bayyana cewa jellyfish na kwalliya suna da cikakkiyar masaniya ta farauta. Amma sauran masana kimiyya suna da tabbacin cewa gabaɗaya masu wucewa ne, kuma kawai suna jiran wanda aka azabtar a cikin ruwa, suna taɓawa tare da tantireshinsu abin da "aka kama a hannu."
Ayyukan su sun rikice tare da motsi na yau da kullun, wanda suka mallaka fiye da sauran nau'ikan, zuwa mataki - jellyfish na akwatin suna iya iyo a gudun har zuwa mita 6 a minti ɗaya.
Ana samun saurin motsi ta hanyar fitar da jet na ruwa ta sararin samaniya saboda takurawar jijiyoyin kararrawa. Za'a saita jagorancin motsi ta hanyar vellarium mai kwangilar asymmetrically (ninke gefen kararrawa).
Bugu da kari, daya daga cikin nau'ikan kwalin jellyfish yana da kofuna na tsotsa na musamman wadanda za a iya gyara su a wurare masu yawa na kasa. Wasu nau'ikan suna da phototaxis, wanda ke nufin zasu iya iyo a cikin hanyar haske.
Yana da matukar wahala a lura da jakar kifin ta manya, tunda kusan suna da gaskiya kuma suna kokarin iyo idan mutum ya kusanci. Suna jagorantar salon rayuwa mai rufin asiri. A ranakun zafi suna sauka zuwa zurfin, da dare kuma sai su hau saman.
Kodayake jellyfish na kwalliya suna da girma - dome ya kai 30 cm a diamita, kuma tanti suna tsayin mita 3 a tsayi, ba koyaushe ake iya lura da shi a cikin ruwa ba.
Abinci
Tanti suna a kusurwoyi huɗu na dome, suna rabuwa da tushe. Fuskokin waɗannan alfarwa suna ɗauke da ƙwayoyin halitta, waɗanda ake kunna su yayin hulɗa da wasu abubuwa akan fatar mutane masu rai, kuma suna kashe wanda aka azabtar da guba.
Gubobi suna shafar tsarin juyayi, fata da tsokar zuciya. Wadannan tanti suna motsa ganima zuwa sararin samaniya, inda bude bakin yake.
Bayan wannan, jellyfish yana ɗaukar tsaye a sama ko ƙasa tare da bakinsa kuma yana shan abinci a hankali. Duk da ayyukan rana, kifin jellyfish zai fi dacewa da daddare. Abincinsu shine kananan jatan lande, zooplankton, karamin kifi, polychaetes, bristle-mandibular da sauran invertebrates.
A cikin hoton, kuna daga kwalin jellyfish
Akwatin jellyfish babbar hanyar haɗi ce a cikin jerin abinci na ruwan bakin ruwa. Gani an san shi yana taka rawa yayin farauta da ciyarwa.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Kamar kowane jellyfish, akwatin jellyfish ya raba rayuwarsu zuwa zagaye biyu: matakin polyp da jellyfish kanta. Da farko, polyp yana manne a ƙasan maɓallin ƙasa, inda yake zaune, yana ninka yadda yakamata ta hanyar yin budo.
A yayin aiwatar da irin wannan rayuwa, kwayar halittar kwayar halitta na faruwa, kuma polyp din ya rabu a hankali. Mafi girman ɓangarensa yana rayuwa zuwa cikin ruwa, kuma guntun da ya rage a gindin ya mutu.
Don haifuwa na kwalin jellyfish, ana buƙatar namiji da mace, ma'ana, hadi yana faruwa ta hanyar jima'i. Mafi sau da yawa a waje. Amma wasu nau'ikan sun fi son yin abubuwa daban. Misali, maza na Carybdea sivickisi suna samar da kwayar halitta (kwantena tare da maniyyi) kuma suna ba mata.
Mata suna kiyaye su a cikin ramin hanjinsu har sai an buƙata don hadi. Mata daga jinsunan Carybdea rastoni da kansu kan samo kuma su debo maniyyin da maza suka b'oye, wanda suke yin kwai da shi.
Daga qwai, ana samun tsutsa mai tsire-tsire, wanda ke sauka a kasa kuma ya zama polyp. An kira shi planula. Hakanan akwai takaddama game da haifuwa da sake zagayowar rayuwa. A gefe guda, ana “fassara” haihuwar jellyfish daya daga polyp a matsayin metamorphosis.
Daga gare ta ake cewa polyp da jellyfish matakai ne guda biyu na halittar halitta daya. Wani zaɓi shine samuwar jellyfish yayin aiwatar da wani nau'i na haifuwa, wanda masana kimiyya ke kira monodisc strobilation. Ya yi daidai da maganin polydisc na polyps a asalin scyphoid jellyfish.
Yanayin akwatin jellyfish yana nuna asalin tsoho. An samo tsoffin burbushin mutane kusa da garin Chicago kuma masana kimiyya sun kiyasta sun wuce shekaru miliyan 300. Wataƙila, an tsara makaminsu mai guba don kare waɗannan rayayyun halittun daga manya-manyan mazaunan zurfin wancan zamanin.
