Barewa, wannan wata dabba ce mai ƙyallen kafa wacce ta haifar da tatsuniyoyi da camfe-camfe da yawa waɗanda ke da alaƙa da fasalin ta - dogayen kumbura. Saboda wadannan lamuran da ke tsirowa daga saman muƙamuƙi, an daɗe ana ɗaukan barewa a matsayin vampire wanda ke shan jinin wasu dabbobi.
A zamanin da, mutane suna ɗaukarsa mummunan ruhu, kuma masanan sun yi ƙoƙari su sa fuskokinsa a matsayin ganima. Sunan barewa da aka fassara daga Girkanci yana nufin "ɗaukar miski". Musk barewa bayyanar ya jawo hankalin masu ra'ayin halitta tun zamanin da, har zuwa yanzu da yawa suna shirye su shawo kan ɗaruruwan kilomita tare da hanyoyin tsaunuka don ganin rayuwarsa.
Wurin zama
Kusan yawancin mutanen duniyar barewar musk an rarraba su a arewacin Rasha. Mazaunin jinsunan shine tsaunin Altai, Sayan, tsaunukan gabashin Siberia da Yakutia, Gabas mai nisa da Sakhalin. Dawa tana rayuwa a cikin duk dazukan daji na tsaunuka.
A cikin yankunan kudanci, jinsunan suna rayuwa ne a cikin ƙananan buƙatu a cikin Kirgizistan, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, China, Korea, Nepal. Haka kuma an sami barewa a Indiya, a gindin tsaunukan Himalayas, amma kusan ana hallaka ta a halin yanzu.
Irin wannan hukuncin ya same shi a tsaunukan Vietnam. Barewar Musk na rayuwa a cikin dazuzzuka masu tsayi a kan tuddai mai tudu. Mafi yawancin lokuta zaka same shi a tsawan mita 600-900, amma kuma ana samun su a mita 3000 a tsaunukan Himalayas da Tibet.
Da wuya musk barewa ya yi ƙaura, da fifikon zama a yankin da aka zaɓa na yankin. Mata da barewar yara na shekara suna da ƙaramin yanki, yayin da mazan da suka manyanta, suka girmi shekaru uku, suka mamaye hekta 30. daji taiga don yankunansu.
Mata da ƙananan yara suna yawanci jagorantar yawan abinci, kuma mazaunin maza na maza ya dogara da yawan mata a cikin yankin, da kuma rashin wasu mazan. A yankin kowane namiji yawanci yakan kasance daga mata ɗaya zuwa uku.
Wannan barewar da ba ta da daɗi ta saba da rayuwa har ma a cikin dazukan arewacin da ke ƙure. Canjin yanayi daga taɓar Gabashin Siberia yana da girma ƙwarai: daga -50 zuwa + 35 C⁰, amma duk da haka waɗannan artiodactyls suna zaune a wurin kuma.
Daga bankin dama na Yenisei na Siberia zuwa Tekun Fasifik, wani bakin ciki, taiga mara ƙarewa ya tsiro, kashi uku cikin huɗu suna cikin belin permafrost. Yankunan tsaunuka da tsaunuka, waɗanda aka lulluɓe da dazuzzuka masu yawa na fir, itacen al'ul, spruce, gaba ɗaya ba za a iya wuce su ba.
Kuma kawai kunkuntar hanyoyin dabbobi tsakanin bishiyoyi da suka faɗi zasu taimaka wa matafiyin samun wurin tarihi. Wadannan gandun daji masu sanyi, masu sanyi, marasa dadi, wadanda suka cika da laushi da mosses, barewa misk ne suka zaba domin gidansu.
Salon rayuwa
Duk da alamun wannan gandun daji na taiga, barewar na da aminci a wurin. Bayan duk wannan, dabbar da ba ta da kyau za ta iya zuwa kansu shiru. Kusan ba zai yiwu ba ga giya mai ruwan kasa ko kerkeci ya kusanci musky barewa musk - karyewar rassan rassan tabbas za ta gargadi wanda aka azabtar, kuma za ta hanzarta kawar da wurin.
Ko da wolverines, lynxes da Far Eastern marten ba koyaushe suke iya kama wannan barewar ba - zai iya canza alkiblar motsi kwatsam ta digiri 90 kuma ya rikita hanyoyin kamar kurege.
Sai kawai a lokacin ƙanƙara da iska, lokacin da gandun daji ya fashe kuma rassan suka fashe, barewar musk ba za ta ji mai rarrafe ba. Dawa tana da damar ɓoyewa idan yana da lokacin yin ta a ɗan tazara.
Barewar Musk ba za ta iya yin gudu na dogon lokaci ba, a zahiri jikin ta yana da wuyar sha'ani, amma ƙarancin numfashi da sauri ya bayyana a cikin hanzari, barewar dole ta tsaya don hutawa, kuma a madaidaiciyar ƙasa ba za ta iya ɓoyewa daga lynx mai saurin kafa da ƙarfi ba ko wolverine.
Amma a cikin tsaunukan tsaunuka, barewar musk ta kirkira dabarunsu na kariya daga fitina. Ta rikita hanyar, iska, da ganyayyaki a wuraren da abokan gabanta ba za su iya shiga ba, suna yin hanyar zuwa can tare da kunkuntar masarauta da shinge.
A cikin amintaccen wuri, barewa tana jiran haɗari. Bayanai na halitta suna bawa barewar miski damar tsalle daga ɓarke zuwa ƙwanƙwasa, don wucewa ta ƙananan masarautar, ƙananan ofan centimita ne kawai.
Amma idan zaka iya tseratar da kanka daga lynx ko marten ta wannan hanyar, to a lokacin da mutum yake farauta don barewar miski, wannan fasalin ana ɗauke shi ne da ƙwararrun mafarauta, har ma karnukan su na musamman suna tura barewar musk zuwa wuraren da ke cikin laka saboda mutum zai iya jiran doki a wurin.
Valueimar barewar miski ga mutane
DA farautar barewar miski gudanar tun zamanin da. Idan tun da farko burin shine a sami kokon kan barewa tare da hakora, yanzu dabbar tana da kimar ta baƙin ƙarfewanda ke samar da miski.
A yanayi Musk deer rafi ya zama dole ga maza su yiwa yankinsu alama da jan hankalin mata yayin rutsi. Tun zamanin da, mutum yayi amfani da shi miski don magani da kwaskwarima.
Ko da tsoffin Larabawa, masu warkarwa da aka ambata a tarihinsu game da miski misk. A Rome da Girka, an yi amfani da miski don ƙona turare. A gabas, anyi amfani dashi don shirya magunguna don rheumatism, cututtukan zuciya, don haɓaka ƙarfi.
A Turai karfe yi amfani da jet Siberiya miski barewa a cikin masana'antar kwalliya da kayan kamshi. A kasar Sin, an kirkiro nau'ikan magunguna sama da 400 a kan musk.
Barewa namiji miski yana fara samar da miski yana da shekara 2, kuma glandon yana aiki har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwarsa. Tana cikin ƙananan ciki, kusa da al'aura, bushe kuma an nika shi zuwa foda yana kawo hoda 30-50 na foda.
Abinci
Inananan girma (bai fi mita 1 tsayi ba kuma tsayin 80 a tsayi) barewar miski tana da nauyin kilogram 12-18 kawai. Wannan ƙaramar barewar tana ciyar da abinci mai yawa akan epiphytes da lashen ƙasa.
A lokacin hunturu, kusan kusan kashi 95% na abincin musk barewa. A lokacin bazara, zai iya banbanta teburi da ganyen shudaya, da shuke-shuke masu laima, fir da allurar itacen al'ul, ferns. Deer, kamar yadda yake, yana ba da izinin lichens su girma har zuwa sabuwar hunturu.
Yayin ciyarwa, tana iya hawa kan kututtukan bishiya, tsalle kan rassan kuma hawa zuwa tsayin mitoci 3-4. Ba kamar dabbobin gida ba, mai kiwon dabba ba ya cin abinci kwata-kwata, sai dai ya yi kokarin tattara leben kadan kadan, don a kiyaye yankin ciyarwar. Ba lallai bane barewar Muscovy ta raba abincinsu tare da sauran dabbobi, don haka abinci koyaushe ya wadatar.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Salon keɓewar barewa yana canzawa lokacin fara rututu. A watan Nuwamba-Disamba, maza suna fara yin alama a fili tare da ƙanshin turarensu, suna sanya alamomi 50 kowace rana. Suna amfani da tsaunuka don wannan.
Suna ƙoƙarin faɗaɗa yankinsu, kuma galibi suna haɗuwa da maƙwabta. A cikin gwagwarmayar neman wuri a rana, wanda ke nufin mace, barewa na yin faɗa mai zafi. Lokacin da maza biyu suka hadu, da farko kawai suna tafiya a kusa da juna a tazarar mita 6-7, suna fallasa fuskokinsu da kuma kula da gashinsu, don haka suna baiwa kansu kwarin gwiwa da karin girma.
Mafi yawanci ƙaramin deer yakan bar yankin. A halin da ake ciki lokacin da ƙarfin yake daidai, za a fara faɗa, inda ake amfani da kaifi da ƙosassu masu kaifi. Deer ba shi da wani ƙoƙari, ya katse fushinsu kuma ya ji wa juna rauni a cikin gwagwarmaya.
Bayan saduwa, mace tana daukar 'ya'ya 1-2, wadanda ake haifuwa a lokacin bazara kuma su isa balaga cikin watanni 15-18. Barewa miski yana rayuwa ne kawai kimanin shekaru biyar. A cikin bauta, shekarunsu sun kai shekaru 10-12.
A halin yanzu, yawan barewar musk a cikin Rasha kusan mutane dubu 125 ne. Kodayake a da an kusan kashe barewar miski gaba ɗaya, amma har yanzu jinsin ya rayu, kuma yanzu ya zama na fatauci. Ana tsara lambar ta gonakin farauta kuma ana bayar da wasu takaddun shaida don farautar barewar miski a yankuna daban-daban na ƙasar.
