Swallowtail malam buɗe ido - wannan kyakkyawar kyakkyawa ce, babba mai faɗi na dangin jiragen ruwa masu tafiya (cavaliers). Fikafikan fikafikan maza na haɗiye ya kai santimita 8, mata kuma yakai cm 9-10. Kamar yadda yake a cikin kowane butterflies na rana, eriya mai haɗiye-taɓe ne da kamanni.
Fuka-fukan baya suna da wutsiya kamar wutsiya har tsawon cm 1 tsawon fikafikan malam buɗe ido masu launin rawaya ne, tare da zane mai baƙar fata, fikafikan baya na iya samun launuka masu launin shuɗi da rawaya, kuma su ma suna da "ido" mai haske ja a cikin kusurwar ciki na reshe.
Idan ka dubahadiyar hoton malam buɗe ido, to kana iya ganin yadda yawan inuwar fukafukansa ya bambanta - daga yashi mai yashi, kusan fari, zuwa rawaya mai haske.
Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa kalar malam buɗe ido ya dogara da yanayin garin da yake zaune. A yankin arewacin mazaunin sa, launinsa ya zama kodadde, zane mai baƙar fata ya fito sosai da ƙarfi a kan fikafikan.
Yayinda mutanen kudan zuma na malam buɗe ido suka fi girma girma kuma suna da kalar rawaya mai fuka-fukai, kuma yanayin baƙar fata akan su yafi kyau.
Fasali da mazaunin likafanin haɗiye
Gidan mazaunin malam buɗe ido hadiya abin mamaki fadi. Wannan nau'in ya zama ruwan dare a Arewacin Afirka, Arewacin Amurka, a duk yankin Asiya, har ma a wurare masu zafi, a duk Turai, ban da Ireland da kusan duk Ingila, inda za'a iya samun malam buɗe ido a cikin wani ƙaramin yanki na Norflock County, haka kuma a duk ƙasashe masu shimfiɗawa daga Arewa
Tekun Arctic zuwa Bahar Maliya da Caucasus. An ga malam buɗe ido na haɗiye har ma a tsawan mita 4500 sama da matakin teku a Tibet. Saboda irin wannan rarrabawar da aka yi, an rarrabu har zuwa rabe-raben talatin da bakwai na hadiyar mai.
Kuna iya sha'awar ƙarancin takaddama kusan ko'ina cikin Turai. A yankin kudancin Siberia, akwai wasu kabilu da ake kira orientis. A cikin mafi danshi Priamurskaya da Primorskaya yanayi, zaune babban haɗiye ussuriensis subspecies, wanda aka ɗauka mafi girma a cikin dukkanin subspecies na malam buɗe ido.
Yankin tsibirin kamar Sakhalin, Japan da Tsibirin Kuril gida ne na hippocrates. Ana samun ƙananan amurensis ko'ina cikin ƙasan Amur na ƙananan da na tsakiya. A cikin tsaunukan daji na Yankin Trans-Baikal da kuma a tsakiyar Yakutia, aƙalla ƙananan ƙungiyoyi biyu suna rayuwa tare: asiatica - a arewacin waɗannan yankuna, da kuma orientis, waɗanda suka fi son sauyin yanayin sauƙin kudu.
Biyu daga cikin mafi karancin binciken a halin yanzu suna zaune a Japan - mandschurica da chishimana. Ana samun masoya na yanayi mai ɗumi - gorganus - a yankuna na Tsakiyar Turai, a arewacin Caucasus da kuma kudancin Rasha.
A cikin Biritaniya brutannicus kuma a Arewacin Amurka, ƙananan kamfanonin aliaska sun fi son yanayi mai ɗumi sosai. Yankunan Caucasus da Tekun Caspian sun zama masauki na tsakiya da rustaveli, na biyun, duk da haka, yawancin mazaunan ƙasar masu tudu ne. Muetingi ya kuma zama mazaunan Elbrus mai tsaunuka. Syriacus subspecies butterflies sun fi yawa a Siriya.
Daga cikin dukkan sassan, kamtschadalus mai ban mamaki ya fi sauran yawa - fikafikan su suna da launi mai launin rawaya mai haske, amma yanayin baƙar fata ya zama kodadde, ƙari kuma, wutsiyoyi sun fi guntu da na sauran ƙananan ƙananan.
Saboda bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin butterflies na tsararraki daban-daban da kuma dogaro da dogaro da launin fuka-fukan fuka-fukan akan yanayin zafin mazaunin, har yanzu masu harajin haraji ba su kai ga samun ra'ayi daya ba, kuma yawancin rabe-raben suna da rikice-rikice da rashin sanin su.
Misali, a yankin Ussuri miyau suna rayuwa subspecies ussuriensis, amma, a cewar wasu, ba za a iya rarrabe su azaman keɓaɓɓun ƙungiyoyi ba, tunda kawai su amurensis ne da aka haifa a lokacin rani.
Yanayi da salon rayuwar malam buɗe ido
Matsakaicin lokacin bazara don narkar da malam buɗe ido daga Mayu zuwa Yuni, da kuma daga Yuli zuwa Agusta, kodayake ana samun wasu ƙananan kudu a cikin watan Satumba.
Wannan nau'ikan malam buɗe ido ne na yau da kullun kuma ya fi son buɗe sararin rana - gefunan daji, makiyaya, filayen buɗe ido, lambuna da wuraren shakatawa na gari tare da furanni da yawa.
A cikin mazauninta na asali, malam buɗe ido mai haɗi yana da adadi da yawa na abokan gaba - tsuntsayen kwari, gizo-gizo har ma da wasu nau'in tururuwa na iya zama babban haɗari ga malam buɗe ido.
A cikin hoton, baƙin baƙin haɗi Maaka
Saboda wannan dalili, malam buɗe ido kwarin haɗi suna da matukar kuzari da kuzari, harma suna zaune akan fura don cin abinci, wadannan butterflies da kyar suke ninka fikafikansu kuma suna nan a shirye su bugu a kowane dakika. Machaon Maaka (Jirgin ruwan Maak ko mai ɗaukar wutsiya) shine babban malam buɗe ido na Rasha. Yana zaune a Primorye, Sakhalin ta Kudu, yankin Amur, da Japan, China da Koriya.
Mafi yawanci suna zama a cikin hadaddun gandun daji masu fadi, wuraren da shuke-shuke masu furanni ke girma. Mata sun fi maza girma, launi na malam buɗe ido galibi baƙi ne, tare da launuka iri-iri na shuɗi, shuɗi da shuɗi mai duhu.
Swallowtail malam buɗe ido abinci
Machaon kwari Sun karanta cin abinci sosai tun daga lokacin da suka bar kwai. Sabili da haka, tsiron shukar ga kwari ya zama wanda uwar malam buɗe ido ta sa ƙwai.
Mafi sau da yawa, waɗannan tsire-tsire suna dill, faski, fennel da sauran tsire-tsire na dangin laima. Idan babu irin waɗannan tsire-tsire a kusa, to, 'yan kwari na iya ciyarwa akan alder ko, alal misali, itacen wormwood. A ƙarshen cigabanta, kwari yakan daina ciyarwa.
Abincin da za a iya karɓa kawai don ƙwarƙwara mai haɗiye haɗi, kazalika ga mafi yawan butterflies, shine tsarukan furanni, yayin da malam buɗe ido ba shi da wani zaɓi na musamman a ciki.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Lokacin kiwo na malam buɗe ido yana farawa daga Afrilu zuwa Mayu, amma a yankunan kudanci ana iya maimaita shi daga Yuli zuwa Agusta, gwargwadon yanayin yanayi. Mace takan sanya ƙwai mai launin rawaya mai launin rawaya a kan mai tushe ko ƙarƙashin ganyen shuke-shuke.
Wata mace yayin rayuwarta, wacce take kimanin kwanaki biyu dozin, tana iya yin ƙwai fiye da ɗari, tana kwanciya ƙwai biyu ko uku ga kowane abu. Bayan kamar mako guda, ƙwai suna canza launi, suna samo samfurin baƙi.
Pupa na baƙin haɗiye
Caterpillars sun ƙyanƙyashe cikin ƙarni biyu - na farko ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ƙwarin da suka kyankyashe daga Mayu zuwa Yuni, da ƙarni na biyu, waɗanda suka kyankyashe daga ƙwai tsakanin watan Agusta da Satumba. Kawai kyanwar da ta haɗiye ya haɗu ne baƙaƙe cikin launi, tare da babban tabo fari a baya da baƙin warts kewaye da halos orange.
Yayinda caterpillar ta balaga, kalar kyanwar ya canza - caterpillar ta zama kore tare da ratsi-ratsi baƙi wanda ke kusa da jikinsa, warts ɗin ya ɓace, kuma halos ɗin ya kasance wuraren lemu a kan waɗannan ratsi sosai.
Idan lokaci ya yi, kuruciya na kan ɗan itacen da ya rayu kuma yake ciyar da shi. Pupae na hadiyar malam buɗe ido ƙarni na farko yawanci suna da launin rawaya mai haske ko koren launi tare da tsari tare da ƙaramin ɗigon baki.
Pupae na ƙarni na biyu sun fi duhu, launin ruwan kasa mai duhu ko launin ruwan kasa, an shirya su yadda za su iya rayuwa a lokacin hunturu. Malam buɗe ido zai kyankyashe daga jaririn lokacin bazara cikin makonni biyu zuwa uku, yayin da ci gaba a cikin pupa na lokacin sanyi yakan ɗauki watanni da yawa.
Godiya ga irin wannan katafaren mazaunin da kuma yanayi mai sauki amma mai kayatarwa, shaharar malam buɗe ido a cikin zamantakewar ɗan adam ya zama mai girma sosai. Bugu da kari, an lasafta malam buɗe ido a cikin Red Book a ƙasashe da yawa, kuma galibi alama ce ta gwagwarmaya don kiyaye namun daji.
Don haka a cikin Tatarstan “Kwarin Swallowtail”Sunan wani aikin ci gaban mazauni ne da aka tsara musamman ba don cutar da ƙasa mai fa'ida ba ta tarihi tare da yawancin ƙananan tafkuna. A cikin Latvia, a cikin 2013, an sanya rigar makamai na Ikklesiyar Skrudaliena hadiyar hoton malam buɗe ido.
