Fasali da mazauninsu
Colorado irin ƙwaro (Sunan Latin Leptinotarsa decemlineata) kwari ne daga dangin ƙwarin ƙwaro na tsarin Coleoptera, na irin nau'in cututtukan fuka-fuka. Ta wata hanyar kuma, ana kiranta dankalin turawa dankalin turawa na Colorado, tunda yawanci abincin nata ya kunshi saman dankalin turawa da kuma ganyen wasu shuke-shuke na dare.
Wannan ganye irin na ganye yana da jiki mai lankwasawa, yafi girma ga ƙwaro, wanda yake da siffa mai ɗamara (oval), mai tsayin 10-12 mm da faɗin 5-7 mm. Tsarin launi na gefen fuka-fikan wannan dabba kwari an halicce ta yanayi cikin sautunan rawaya da lemu (karas).
Kunnawa Hoton dankalin turawa na Colorado kana iya ganin ratsin baƙar fata a layi ɗaya a fukafukan, goma ne kaɗai daga cikinsu, suna biyar a kan kowane fikafikan. Saboda wannan ne kalmar "decemlineata" ta bayyana a cikin rarrabiyar Latin na wannan ƙwaro, wanda a fassarar kai tsaye ake fahimta da "layuka goma".
Fuka-fukan wannan ƙwaro suna da tauri sosai kuma suna da siffar ƙwanƙolin teku a saman. Gwargwadon dankalin turawa yana tashi da kyau kuma don jirage masu tsafta suna amfani da iska da iska, wacce zata iya daukar kilomita da yawa a kowace kaka.
Coloradoananan larvae na dankalin turawa na Colorado launuka masu haske rawaya mai tsayi mai tsayi tsawon 14-15 mm ne. Bayan lokaci, sikelin launi na tsutsa ya juye zuwa rawaya mai haske, sa'annan ya zama launi na orange (karas) saboda tarin carotene a farfajiyar jiki, wanda ke ƙunshe da ganyen dankali kuma jiki baya narkewa gaba ɗaya.
Kan tsutsa yana da duhu, ya fi baƙi, tare da layuka biyu na baƙin ɗigo a gefen jikin. Abin sha'awa cikin tsarin jikin tsutsa shine gaban idanuwa guda shida a bangarori daban daban na kai, wanda yake bashi damar motsawa ba tare da kuskure ba a inda ake so.
Wannan kwaro ne aka gano, ko kuma wanda Ba'amurke masanin kimiyyar halittu mai suna Thomas Say ya kirkira shi a cikin 1824. Ya yadu a cikin duniyarmu Kwarin kwari na ƙwaro na Colorado farawa da Arewacin Amurka, ko kuma a'a, asalin wannan ƙwarjin ana iya ɗaukar shi arewa maso gabashin Mexico.
A cikin hoton, tsutsa daga ƙwayar dankalin turawa na Colorado
Ya sami sunan ne bayan ya ci filaye da yawa na dankalin turawa a cikin jihar Colorado, Amurka. A ƙarshen karni na goma sha tara, ƙwayoyin dankalin turawa na Colorado sun haye teku a cikin jiragen ruwa masu jigilar kayan lambu zuwa Turai kuma tun daga wannan lokacin suka fara yaduwa zuwa yankin Eurasia.
Bayan ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na II a ƙarshen 40s, ya kuma bayyana a cikin faɗin Jamhuriyar Yukren na Soviet Union, daga inda ta bazu zuwa duk yankin CIS na zamani. A farkon karni na XXI, an sami mutanen ta a cikin manyan filayen Gabas ta Tsakiya a cikin Yankin Primorsky, inda yanzu kuma yake faruwa fada da kwaroron dankalin turawa na Colorado.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Cikakkun ƙwayoyin kwari da kwarkwata suna rayuwa koyaushe da damuna a kusa da wuraren tsirowar amfanin gona na dare. Baya ga jiragen manyan ƙwaro, kwari masu alaƙa da rashin wadataccen abinci a tsohuwar wuri.
Larwayoyin suna da rukunin shekaru huɗu (matakan ci gaba): a farkon ɓarna biyu na farko, tsutsa suna cin ƙananan ganyaye masu taushi kawai na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, saboda haka galibi suna zama a saman ƙwanƙolin, a matakai na uku da na huɗu suna warwatse ko'ina cikin shuka kuma suna fara cin ganyayyaki iri daban-daban. (yara da tsofaffi), suna barin jijiyoyin ganye kawai na ganye.
Bayan sun ci tsiro guda daya, a hankali suke rarrafe akan kawayen makwabtan kuma suna lalata su da tsari, wanda yake haifar dasu Colorado dankalin turawa, irin ƙwaro filayen dankali da sauran shuke-shuken dare da mutum ya shuka.
Adadin ci gaban tsutsa daga amfrayo zuwa baligi ya dogara ne ƙwarai da yanayin waje (kan yanayin zafin duniya da iska mai kewaye, kan adadin da ƙarar ruwan sama, kan saurin guguwar iska, da sauransu).
Bayan sun kai ga na huɗu, tsutsa ta sauka ƙasa da sauri kuma ta binne kanta a cikin ƙasa zuwa zurfin santimita goma don ɗalibin yara, yawanci a mako na biyu ko na uku na ci gaba.
An kafa pupa a cikin kwanaki 10-15, ya danganta da yanayin mahalli, bayan haka sai a zaɓi babban ƙwaro a saman don ci gaba da rayuwa.
Idan irin ƙwaro ya samo asali ta lokacin sanyi mai sanyi, to yana iya, ba tare da fita daga ƙasa ba, nan da nan a buɗe kafin farkon yanayin dumi a bazara.
Abin lura mai ban sha'awa shine cewa ƙwaro na Colorado na iya shiga cikin diapause koda na shekaru da yawa, yawanci saboda yanayin sanyi a lokacin bazara ko adadi mai yawa na waɗannan kwari a cikin wani karamin yanki, wanda ya ƙunshi rashin isasshen abinci ga dukkan mutane.
Colorado dankalin turawa irin ƙwaro
Kamar yadda ya bayyana karara daga duk abin da aka bayyana a sama Colorado dankalin turawa, irin ƙwaro wannan babban bala'i ne ga dukkan gonaki da yan lambun son su. Cin ganyen tsire-tsire daya bayan daya, wadannan kwari, suna ninkawa da sauri, na iya lalata kadada na gonakin da aka shuka.
Baya ga saman dankalin turawa, ƙwaro dankalin turawa na Colorado yana cin ganyen eggplant, tumatir, barkono mai zaki, physalis, nighthade, wolfberry, mandrake har ma da taba.
Don haka cewa kwarin da suka bayyana a sauka ba su lalata dukkan amfanin gonar da ke gaba ba, mutum ya kirkiri da dama magunguna don ƙwayar dankalin turawa na Colorado... A cikin manyan gonaki, ana amfani da magungunan kashe qwari iri-iri a kan ƙwayar dankalin turawa na Colorado.
Abinda ke haifar da irin wannan aikin shine cewa kwari a hankali sukan saba da magungunan kwari kuma, bayan sun daidaita, suna ci gaba da cin ganyen shukar da aka shuka, kuma mutane suma suna da mummunan ra'ayi game da cin dankalin turawa.
A cikin kananan lambunan gida, masu lambu suna kula da shuke-shuke daga ƙwaro dankalin turawa na Colorado tare da tokar itace. Har ila yau, guba don ƙwaro dankalin turawa na Colorado kuma tsutsarsa mafitar urea ne, kuma yayin amfani da irin wannan maganin, ita kanta ƙasar bugu da isari ana yin ta tare da nitrogen.
Saboda gaskiyar cewa wannan kwaro yana da kyakkyawan yanayin kamshi, baya son kamshi mai karfi, saboda haka yana yiwuwa rabu da colorado dankalin turawa zaka iya fesa abubuwa daban-daban, misali, wani jiko na dandelion, wormwood, horsetail ko kuma kayan marmarin albasa.
A cikin filayen gida, ana girbe ƙwaron dankalin turawa na Colorado da hannu, sannan a ƙone ko murƙushe shi, wanda kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin ingantattu na yaƙi da wannan ƙwarin.
Kamar yadda za a guba da ƙwaro dankalin turawa na Colorado mai gonar da aka shuka da lambunan marmari ne ke yanke shawara, amma a kwanan nan mutane suna ƙoƙari su yi amfani da nau'ikan guba masu guba iri-iri, kuma suna ba da ƙarin lokaci don ƙirƙirar sabbin nau'o'in albarkatun gona masu ƙarancin da ƙwarin dankalin turawa na Colorado ba ya ci.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Bayan hunturu a farkon bazara, tare da farkon farkon rana, fararen manya na Colorado sun tashi daga ƙasa kuma nan da nan zasu iya zama da juna.
Mata na yin ƙwai jim kaɗan bayan hadi, yawanci suna ɓoye ƙwai ko dai a cikin ganyayyaki ko a kan rabuwa da tushe. A wata rana, mace na iya yin ƙwai har zuwa 70, kuma a lokacin da ake iya samun damar haɗuwa daga bazara zuwa kaka, yawan ƙwai na iya kaiwa dubbai.
Bayan sati daya zuwa biyu daga kwan da aka sa, a kusan lokaci guda, karami, 2-3 mm a girma, ƙyanƙyashe larvae, wanda daga farkon mintuna na rayuwa tuni ya fara ciyarwa, da farko cin ƙwarjin ƙwai kanta kuma a hankali yana motsawa zuwa samarin samari.
Bayan makonni biyu, tsutsa ta shiga matakin karatun, bayan makonni biyu, sai aka zaɓi wani mutum mai cikakken 'yanci daga ƙasa, wanda kuma a shirye yake ya haihu.
A cikin yankunan kudanci, a lokacin yanayi daga bazara zuwa kaka, ƙarnoni biyu ko uku na kwari na iya girma, inda yanayin zafin jiki ya fi sanyi, tsara ɗaya yakan bayyana. A kan matsakaita, ƙwaron dankalin turawa na Colorado yana rayuwa tsawon shekara ɗaya zuwa biyu, amma idan ya shiga dogon zango, to ƙwarin na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru uku.
