Yawo dawakai - halittu masu ban mamaki da ban mamaki. Su jarumawa ne na yau da kullun na tatsuniyoyi da tatsuniyoyi, kuma sun sami wannan ɗaukaka tsawon ƙarnuka.
Mutanen Scotland sun yi imani cewa lokacin da dawakai masu tashi sama suka tashi sama, lokaci ne na mayu. A cikin Oskfordshire, an yi amannar cewa jemage da ya tashi sau uku a cikin gidan shelar mutuwar ne. Amma a zahiri, muhimman abubuwa ne na tsarin halittu na duniya, kuma da yawa daga cikinsu ma suna da kyau.
Jinsuna da mazaunin dawakai masu tashi
Fox mai tashi, ko kare mai tashi, na mallakar jemagu ne, dangin bata batan fruita fruitan. Akwai nau'ikan karnukan tashi sama da yawa, kuma da farko dai, kana bukatar fahimtar bambanci tsakanin su da jemage.
A waje, fuskar dawakai masu tashi sama suna kama da fox, ko kare, saboda haka sunan jinsin. Karnuka masu yawo, sabanin beraye, basu da shahararr "radar" da zata taimaka musu wajen zirga-zirgar sararin samaniya.
Wasu nau'ikan karnukan karewa ne kawai, wadanda suke rayuwa galibi a cikin kogo, suke da kamannin karar sauti - suna latsa harshensu yayin tashi, sautin yana fitowa daga bangarorin bakinsu koyaushe.
A wasu yanayi, jemage, gani, da, taɓawa, suna jagorantar jemagu na 'ya'yan itace. Don haka, misali, a cikin flyingan fulanin Indiya masu tashi manyan idanu masu bayyana, kuma kodayake tana yawan tashi da daddare, amma a zahiri ba ta amfani da amsa kuwwa, tana mai da hankali kan hangen nesa.
Hoton hoto ne Biritaniya mai tashi sama
Hakanan fox din ma yana da ingantaccen ji - mace na saurin gane 'ya' yan ta da muryar ta. Wurin zama na dawakai masu tashi suna da girma sosai. Suna gama gari ne a cikin subtropics da tropics a gabas daga Yammacin Afrika zuwa Oceania, sannan kuma zuwa arewa zuwa Kogin Nilu, kudancin Iran, Syria da kuma tsibiran Japan na kudu.
Har ila yau, tsibiran Mauritius da na ƙasashen Indiya ma mazauninsu ne, kuma a Arewacin Ostiraliya abu ne gama gari spectacled yawo fox... Dogaro da kewayon, jemagu masu ban sha'awa suna da siffofi daban-daban.
Mafi girman ana daukar shi kamar kalong - tsawon jiki har zuwa 40 cm, mai tsayin 22 cm.Wannan jinsin ya zama ruwan dare a cikin Philippines da tsibirin tsibirin Malay, ana kuma kiransa kato mai yawo.
Hoton wata katuwar kariyar tashi ce
Akasin jinsin shine diyan diyan 'ya'yan itace, girmansa bai wuce 6-7 cm ba, fukafukai 25 cm, suna zaune a Indochina da Burma. Kuma a cikin wani yanki na Sulawesi akwai wata 'yar karamar Sulawesiya mai' ya'yan itace, wanda mazauna wurin suke dauka don kawo sa'a.
Yawo salon rayuwa
Yawo fox yawanci ba dare ba rana kuma suna da gawar jiki. Da wuya ake aiki a rana. Ya faru cewa jemagu 'ya'yan itace basu da wurin zama na dindindin - suna tashi daga wuri zuwa wuri, dangane da inda akwai ƙarin abinci.
Manyan jinsuna na iya tashi kimanin kilomita 100 a kowane dare. neman abinci. Wurin ciyarwa zai iya zama kilomita 15 daga nesa. daga wurin yini. A wasu yankuna, inda fruitsa fruitsan itacen ke yin girma lokaci zuwa lokaci don ciyarwa, dabbobi kan yi ƙaura.
Amma galibi sukan zaɓi itace ɗaya don kansu, kuma su zauna a ciki har tsawon shekaru. Ko da 'ya'yan itace sun kare na kilomita da yawa a kusa, karnukan za su tashi nesa don neman abinci, amma har yanzu suna komawa "gida".
Manyan mutane sun huta yayin rana a cikin manyan rukuni, har zuwa dubu 10. speciesananan nau'ikan na iya kiyaye su su kaɗai. Da rana, jemage 'ya'yan itace suna rataye a ƙasa a jikin rassan bishiyoyi, ƙarƙashin masara, a kan rufin kogwannin, suna nade kansu da fikafikansu.
A cikin yanayi mai zafi, fuka-fukai suna yi musu abin fanke, kuma suma suna lasa musu da ciki don ƙara canja wurin zafi. Galibi ana samun mulkin mallaka na dawakai a cikin bishiyar mangrove da eucalyptus. Suna iya shirya kwanaki a wuraren shakatawa.
Misali, Lambun Botanical yana da ɗayan shahararrun yankuna launin fata masu furfura... Wani fasalin dawakai kuwa shine ikon yin iyo.
A cikin hoton, fox mai launin toka-mai-tashi
Yawo dawakai za a iya kiyaye shi a ciki gida yanayi. Idan ka yanke shawara saya kanka a matsayin dabba fruita fruitan itace fruita batan itace, to, kuna buƙatar shirya babban, fili aviary don kwanciyar hankali.
A yanayi, dawakai masu tashi sama da sauri sun saba da mutane, suna ba da damar a shafa su kuma su ci 'ya'yan itacen da aka bayar daga hannayensu. A wasu yankuna, dawakai masu tashi sama suna rikici da mutane, suna cin 'ya'yan itace daga gonakin da aka noma.
Dangane da wannan, dole ne mutane su fesa filaye da sinadarai, wanda ke haifar da guba da lalata karnukan da ke tashi. Wasu yankuna na Pakistan suna samar da kitse mai kare don magani. A tsibirai, inda jemage 'ya'yan itace suke rayuwa, an aiwatar da gandun daji da yawa, wanda kuma ya shafi al'ummominsu mummunan tasiri.
Wasu mutane suna amfani da naman waɗannan dabbobin don abinci, suna la'akari da shi a matsayin abinci mai kyau. Duk waɗannan abubuwan suna sanya karnukan tashi da ke rayuwa a kan tsibirai cikin haɗari sosai.
Abinci
Lokacin da faduwar rana, dawakai masu tashi sama suna fara damuwa, kuma cikin sauri nan take garken duka suka tashi suka nufi wurin ciyarwar. Jemage 'ya'yan itace yana amfani da ƙanshin sa don neman abinci.
Babban abincin shine 'ya'yan itace. Mafi akasari, dawakai suna son cikakke da fruitsa manan fruitsa fruitsan mangoro, avocado, gwanda, ayaba da sauran tsire-tsire masu zafi - suna nika fruita fruitan tare da molar su.
Suna iya cin ƙananan fruitsa fruitsan itace daidai lokacin tashi, ko, rataye a ƙafa ɗaya kusa da shi, ɗayan ɗayan kuma su ci bagar, su sha ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Jemage 'ya'yan itace ba sa cin bawan, amma su jefa shi.
Speciesananan nau'ikan suna cin abincin nectar da pollen. Wasu dawakai masu tashi sama suna cin kwari. A wuraren da fruita fruitan itace ba su da ,a ,a, bishiyu ya cinye gaba ɗaya. Bayan sun koshi, jemagu suna hutawa kuma suna komawa inda suke. Ruwa ma wajibi ne, za su iya sha shi a kan tashi. Wasu lokuta kuma suna shan ruwan teku, wanda ke dauke da ma'adanai da suke bukata.
Yaduwar tsaba ta bishiyun 'ya'yan itace da gurɓataccen tsire-tsire shine kyakkyawan sakamako na tasirin karnuka masu yawo akan yanayin ƙasa. Amma wani lokacin suma suna haifar da lalacewa, suna cin dukkan fruitsa fruitsan itacen itacen da dukkanin gonakin.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai na dawakai mai tashi
Maimaitawa na dawakai masu yawo na yanayi ne kuma ya dogara da nau'ikan halittu da wuraren zama. Don haka karnukan Angola da suka tashi daga abokan Kamaru a watan Satumba zuwa Nuwamba, yaran sun bayyana a watan Fabrairu. Lokacin jima'i na dabbar tashi ta Indiya yana farawa a watan Yuli kuma yana tsayawa har zuwa Oktoba.
A cikin hoton, thean kwando na fulawar tashi
Kalongs sun yi kiwo a cikin Maris-Afrilu. Ana yin jima'i a wuraren da rana, maza sukan zaɓi sabuwar mace kowane lokaci. Kubiyoyi suna bayyana a cikin watanni 5-7 (ya danganta da nau'in), galibi a rana. Jarirai suna da motsi, tare da gashi mai kauri a bayansu, babu hakora, amma tare da fika.
Uwa tana ciyar da matasa da madararta, ba tare da halartar namiji ba. Mace tana ɗauke da ƙananan ƙurare a ƙirjinta zuwa wurin ciyarwa. Lokacin da, bayan watanni 2-3, thean ya girma ya yi nauyi sosai, ya kasance shi kaɗai da dare kuma ya jira uwa.
Mace na ciyar da shi har tsawon watanni 5. Wata karamar jemage mai 'ya'yan itace tana zaune kusa da mahaifiya har zuwa watanni takwas. Bayan shekara guda, ya zama balagagge a cikin jima'i da cikakken 'yanci.
Tsohuwar namiji, yawancin girmamawa da ake yi a garken. Jemagu da manya manya 'ya'yan itace suna samun wurare mafi kyau akan bishiyar don ciyarwa, wuraren hutawa mafi dacewa, kuma suna zaɓar mata don kansu.
A cikin daji, dawakai masu tashi sama sun rayu kimanin shekaru 10, a cikin fursunoni wannan lokacin ya ninka ninki biyu. A halin yanzu, yawancin jinsunan dawakai masu tashi suna sunaye a cikin Littattafan Bayanai na Red.
Misali, baƙon da yake yawo a Australiya yana gab da ƙarewa saboda asarar muhallansa.Giant mai yawo an kuma jera shi a cikin Littafin Ja, amma yanzu wannan jinsin ana daukar shi mai karko, barazanar bacewa ta wuce.
