Fasali da mazaunin kuruciya
Belin Savanna - wannan shine suna don manyan yankuna na savannah na Afirka waɗanda aka lulluɓe da kafet na ciyawa. Wannan masarauta ta ganye ta faɗaɗa ɗaukacin nahiyar - daga kudancin Sahara, sai Nijar, Mali, Sudan, Chadi, da Tanzania da Kenya.
Savannahs suna da kwanciyar hankali don dabbobin Afirka, ɗayan irin waɗannan nau'ikan ban sha'awa shine kurayen namun daji. Kuraye suna zama a cikin sararin hamada, a gefen gandun daji kusa da hanyoyi da hanyoyi. Daga ciyayi a cikin savannah, ana samun shrubs da bishiyoyi marasa kaɗaici wasu lokuta.
Yanayin yana da kyau. An raba shekara zuwa yanayi biyu - bushe da ruwa. Afirka na da ban sha'awa a hotuna daga sararin samaniya. Daga sama, zaku iya ganin sauƙin wannan nahiyar - galibi duka suna cikin yankunan hamada da gandun daji da ke da ƙarancin ruwa. Kuma a tsakiyar, savannah ya bazu ko'ina, cike da iska mai 'yanci, ciyawa da bishiyoyi marasa kawa.
Masana kimiyya sun tabbatar da cewa savannah ta Afirka an kafa ta kimanin shekaru miliyan bakwai da suka gabata, wannan hujja ce cewa savannah wani nau'in yanki ne na matasa. Rayuwar shuke-shuke da dabbobi na savannah ta dogara kai tsaye da yanayin waɗannan wuraren.
Yanayi da salon rayuwar kura
Ga mutane da yawa, kuraye na haifar da motsin rai. Irin wadannan mutanen sun tabbata cewa kura ce ta mugunta, tana cin mushe kawai tana kashe wadanda ba su ji ba ba su gani ba. Amma, kura ba ta da ma'ana da ɓarna fiye da sauran dabbobin daji.
A baya can, an sanya kura a matsayin igiyar daji. Amma kurayen sun fi kusa da kuliyoyi, mongooses ko masaka - wani yanki ne na masu farin jini. Tsarin rayuwarta yayi kama da na kare, watakila a baya, shi yasa aka dauki kuraye karnuka.
Ofaya daga cikin nau'in an hange, wannan hyena - dabbar Afirka... Daga cikin kurayen danginsa - masu ratsi-launi, launin ruwan kasa, kerkeci na kasa, Afirka ita ce mafi girma. A girma, kurayen da aka haifa sun kasance na uku a cikin jerin dabbobin da ke farauta a Afirka.
Afirka namun daji - zakuna, kuraye ba'a iyakance ga waɗannan mawuyacin halin masu cutar ba. Kishiyar kuraye karnukan kuraye ne. Fada sau da yawa yakan faru tsakanin waɗannan dangin biyu - waɗanda a cikin garkensu akwai waɗanda suka fi kowa cin nasara.
Kuraye abin ban mamaki ne ba kawai don ilimin halittar jiki da tsarin rayuwa ba. M da ban tsoro sautin kukan kura tsoratar da mutane har yau. Waɗannan, dabbobin da ba su da sha'awa, za su iya fitar da kyawawan abubuwa na murya, ƙari, tare da ayyuka daban-daban.
Don haka, alal misali, ana sanar da babban abincin dare tare da sautuka masu kama da dariyar muguntar mutum. A zamanin da, mutane suna kiran wannan dariyar ta aljanu, kuma ita kanta kurar bawan gidan wuta ce.
Irin wadannan muryoyin na kura a wasu lokuta ba koyaushe suke zuwa ga amfanin wannan mai farautar ba. Misali, zakuna suna mayar da martani mai karfi game da wata muguwar dariya ta hyenic, wanda kuma mai karfi ne.
Saurari dariyar kura
Saurari muryar kura
Ya zama alama ce a gare su cewa akwai kuraye a kusa da ke da abinci da yawa. Wani lokaci zakoki na daukar ganima daga kurayen, da kurayen, abin da suka yi, suka ci. Dabbobin Savannah - kurayen koyaushe mafi kwanciyar hankali a cikin sararin buɗewar sanyi. Suna yiwa yankinsu alama da najasa ko ƙamshi.
A cikin hoton akwai kura da aka gani a kura
Don haka babu wani daga makiya ko kuma kurayen da ba a sani ba da ya kuskura ya mamaye yankin da aka yi wa alama. Dabbobin da suka mallaki wannan wurin sun fitar da mutum na musamman daga kayansu don kariya.
Dabbobin kuraye, lokaci-lokaci, bar wuri guda - zuwa wani don neman ƙarin abinci. Hanyar rayuwar kuraye ita ce, a matsayin ka’ida, ba ta dare ba, yayin yini suna hutawa bayan doguwar tafiya ko farauta.
Legsafafun gaban wannan kuraye mai farautar daji sun fi ƙafafun baya baya, saboda haka ya zama kamar wata halitta ce mara kyau. Amma, wannan dabba ce mai tauri wacce ke haɓaka saurin gudu kuma tana iya yin tafiya mai nisa. A kan tawayen kafaffun kuraye, akwai glandon endocrine, inda ake samar da takamammen ƙanshi, na musamman ga kowane mutum.
A cikin hoton akwai busasshiyar kura
Kurayeba, a zahiri, abin ƙyama ne, rashin hankali ko kuma munana. Bayar da gawa da farauta daidai, kura ba kawai tsari bane, amma kuma yana kula da daidaito tsakanin dabbobi.
Abincin kura
Babban kuma mafi yawan cinyewa a cikin abinci shine dabbobin da farauta ke ɗauka - wildebeest, zebras, bezel, bison, da kuma watakila buffaloes. Wani lokaci, kurayen namun daji har ma za a iya cin abinci a kan ƙwanƙolin babban dabba.
Hakanan an haɗa ƙungiyar dabbobi a cikin abincin rana a lokacin hyena, amma yawancin abubuwan gina jiki suna shiga jiki daga abin da aka kama. Kasance hakan kodayake, amma ba a banza bane aka rarrabe kura da tsoro.
Hakanan kurayen masu girman kai ne - akwai wasu lokuta da daya daga cikin masu dabbobin zai bar dabbobin ba tare da wani lokaci ba, farautar da suka kama, kurayen za su yi kokarin satar ta.
Irin wannan barawo shi kadai zai iya korar wata halitta mai rauni idan aka gwada da kura, amma idan kuraye suka taru a garken garken kusan ba zai yiwu a iya jure su su kadai ba.
Kuraye sukan kai hari ga marasa lafiya da tsoffin dabbobi, har da zakuna. Wadannan wayayyun dabbobin masu karfin zuciya kuma suna ciyar da kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsuntsaye, dabbobi masu rarrafe, da kwai.
Kuma, tabbas, ragowar abinci daga sauran dabbobi masu cin nama. An tsara aikin ban mamaki na narkewa don haka kurayen namun daji iya niƙa da narkar da ƙasusuwa, kofato da ulu.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Don shiga cikin hadi tare da daukar ciki na gaba, mata suna shirye su sadu kowane sati biyu na shekara daya. A cikin maza, komai yana daidai da yanayi.
Dole ne mazan kurege su fara fada tsakanin su game da mace. Kuma, sannan saukar da jela da kai da biyayya ta kusanto ta kuma, idan ta ba ta damar yin aikinta. Cutar ciki da kura ta dauki kwanaki 110.
Haihuwar kuraye daga puan kwikwiyo ɗaya zuwa uku. Kuraye - uwaye suna haihuwar cubasan cikin rami - nasu ko kuma sun aro daga ɗayan ƙananan dabbobi, "sake shirya kayan" zuwa yadda suke so.
Sau da yawa, ana samun wani nau'in "irin gida" daga irin wannan rami, lokacin da kuraye da yawa ke zaune a rami ɗaya tare da sabbin kurayen da aka haifa. Amma jariran kura sun fahimci muryar mahaifiyarsu, ba sa kasawa. Yean hyena sabbin haihuwa sun fi bunsurun ci gaba, misali, kuliyoyi ko karnuka. Haihuwar jariran an haife su da bude ido, suna da nauyin kusan kilogiram biyu.
Amma uwar kura, duk da cewa yayanta sun riga sun bunkasa sosai yayin haihuwa, ta ci gaba da ciyar da su da madara na kimanin shekara daya da rabi. ‘Ya’yan kuraye ba su da wani abinci a wannan zamanin, sai madarar uwa. ba ta sake rayar da abincin su ba. Kuma, a lokaci guda, kowace uwa kawai tana ciyar da puan kwikwiyo nata. Sananan yaran hyena suna da launin ruwan kasa.
Hoto hoton jariri ne
Yayinda jarirai ke girma, launin babbar rigarsu na canzawa. Lokacin da yaran suka girma, za su kasance suna da matsayi ɗaya a cikin garken kamar iyayensu - ta hanyar gado. Matsakaicin lokacin rayuwar kuraye shekaru 12 ne. Kuma, gabaɗaya, kuraye suna da sauƙin koyawa, kuma idan suka ɗauki wani mutum abokinsu, tunda sun saba dashi kuma sun ƙaunaci juna, koyaushe zasu ƙaunaci aboki!
