Fasali da mazauninsu
Masana kimiyyar halittar jiki sun kirga cewa akwai sama da tsuntsaye dari na dangin masu fada a duniyarmu. A bangaren Turai daga jinsin, akwai warblers guda 12. Manyan shahararrun wakilan wannan jinsi sune masu launin toka, shaho, mai busharar lambu da mai kaifin baki. Game da su ne za a tattauna a ƙasa.
Grey warbler - tsuntsu kadan kaɗan da gwarare. Fitsarin jikin dukkan sassan jiki daban ne. Misali, an zana baya a cikin launuka masu launin toka mai kazanta da launin ruwan kasa, an rufe kai da fuka-fuka masu launin ashy, kafada ja ne, wuyanta fari ne, sauran gadon kuwa an rufe su da zanin launuka masu launin ruwan hoda.
Whitethroats suna rayuwa a cikin gandun daji masu haske, daushin shrub. Kuna iya samun su a cikin kwazazzabai, ravuna, waɗanda suka yi girma da ciyayi da ɗaci, galibi ana iya ganinsu a cikin filaye, a cikin lambuna. Warbler, wanda ake kira lambun warbler, ya ɗan fi girma kusa da danginsa na kusa, warbler launin toka.
Length ba tare da wutsiya a cikin manyan mutane ya kai 15 cm, kuma nauyin jiki yana zuwa daga 15 zuwa 25 gram.
A cikin hoton, tsuntsun shine gwanin lambu
A launi, lambun whitethroat ba shi da ƙarfi sosai a cikin launukan launuka, galibi launin ruwan kasa-toka-toka, wasu lokuta tare da tsabtar zaitun da ba za a iya rarrabewa da ita ba, ciki, nono da ƙarƙashinta suna da madara. Fuka-fukan fuka-fukai da wutsiya an tsara su ta kunkuntar, kazamin rawanin rawaya.
A kusa da idanun tsuntsun, fuka-fukan fenti aka yi fari, wanda daga nesa yayi kama da tabarau. Bakaken lankwasasshen bakin da kafafun siririn an zana su cikin kalar ruwan kwalta. Duk launukan da aka lissafa basu cika ba, mutum na iya cewa mara dadi. Mata da maza ɗaya suke a launi launi.
Lambun gandun daji ya sauka a gabar kogunan da suka mamaye dazuzzuka. Tana ji a gida a gefen gefen gandun daji, wanda akwai abubuwa da yawa a yankunan kudu na Yammacin Siberia, da kuma a cikin yankuna na tsakiyar wannan yankin mai arzikin dazuzzuka. Tsuntsu Slavka kamar yadda ta saba, tana ciyar da hutun ƙaura da na hunturu a nahiyar Afirka.
Nau'in tsuntsayen da za'a tattauna a kai shine bakin-wake warbler. A cikin bayanin warbler na wannan nau'in, ya kamata a san cewa tsuntsu ba ya bambanta sosai da jinsunan da aka bayyana a sama, amma akwai ɗan bambanci kaɗan a launi.
Don haka, shugaban bakakken mai kaifin baki, kamar yadda ya riga ya bayyana daga sunan, an zana shi a cikin launi mai launin baki, kuma wannan launi wata alama ce ta musamman ga maza, kuma wata alama ta mace mai bushe-bushe mai kalar launi ja da kirji da kan tsuntsu.
Tsuntsun warbler chernogolovka
Babban wakilin wannan dangi shine shaho warbler... Girman tsuntsun 18 ne, wani lokacin ma har 20 cm, kuma nauyin ya kai gram 35. Fentin fuka-fukan da suke kan bayanta an zana su a cikin sautuna masu taushi na kalar zaitun, mancin kai yana da duhu fiye da na baya.
Gashin fikafikan sama da wutsiya suna da launi mai launin fari da fari. Unƙun raƙuman ruwa na shaho mai shaho suna da kalar fari fari. An zana gashin ido na idanu a cikin launi mai launin rawaya mai datti, kuma an rufe ƙafafuwan da fata mai launin rawaya mai haske.
Kunnawa hoto mai warbler zaka iya ganin dukkanin nuances da ke bayyane cikin launin tsuntsaye. Hawk warbler - tsuntsayen ƙaura. Tana amfani da hunturu a gabashin Afirka.
A cikin hoton, tsuntsayen shaho ne mai shaho
Hali da salon rayuwa
Duk ire-iren waƙoƙin waƙoƙi suna da motsi, ba sa karɓar salon rayuwa. Thewarewa da ƙarancin waɗannan tsuntsaye na iya yin kishi kawai. Bugu da ƙari, Warblers suna da saurin motsawa a cikin kowane yanki, kuma har ma da dazuzzuka masu yawa ba sa tsoma baki tare da motsi. Baya ga gaskiyar cewa waƙoƙi suna motsawa da kyau, su ma ƙwararrun mawaƙa ne.
Ya kamata a lura cewa yawancin waƙoƙin warble ba su da bambanci sosai da bayyanar, amma muryoyinsu daban. Wasu waƙoƙin bushara suna gurnani, kuma waƙar tasu tana kama da sautin ƙaho, sauran muryoyi suna da tsawa da hankali.
Baya ga gaskiyar cewa waƙoƙi suna motsawa da kyau, su ma ƙwararrun mawaƙa ne. Ya kamata a lura cewa yawancin waƙoƙin warble ba su da bambanci sosai da bayyanar, amma muryoyinsu daban.
Saurari muryar shaho mai shaho
Saurari waƙar waƙar bushe bushewa
Wasu waƙoƙin bushara suna gurnani, kuma waƙar tasu tana kama da sautin ƙaho, sauran muryoyi suna da tsawa da hankali. Amma gaba ɗaya, wakar tsuntsaye warbler zaka iya sauraron shi har abada. Abin da ya sa ke nan ana yawan ajiye wannan nau'in tsuntsu a cikin gidaje, saboda babu abin da ya doke waƙoƙinsu na ban mamaki, wanda zai zama mazaunan gidan da safe.
Warblers suma suna da wayo sosai. Wadannan tsuntsayen sun san yadda ake zaba daga muhallin abokai na kud da kud da kuma nisantar makiya. A halin yanzu neman, zasu iya kaurace ma neman.
Akwai bayanai masu ban sha'awa game da jirgin warblers zuwa yankuna masu dumi. Suna tashi da dare. An yi imanin cewa suna yin hanyoyin dare bisa ga mai kewayawa, wanda ke zama babbar tauraruwa a gare su. Har ila yau, masana ilimin kimiyyar halittar jiki sun lura cewa tsuntsayen da suka manyanta sune farkon waɗanda ke saurin zuwa wuraren da ake yin sheƙu.
Abinci
Duk membobin dangin warbler suna da ɗan gajeren baki, wanda ke ba tsuntsaye da 'ya'yan itace damar tsincewa daga ƙasa, da kuma cire ƙwari daga ganye. A lokacin watannin bazara, abincin warbler ya kunshi nau'ikan kwari kamar kwari, sauro, kwari, mazari.
Kuma tare da farkon kaka, tsuntsaye ke canzawa zuwa abinci, wanda yanayi ya ba da karimci ga ƙasashe gandun daji, wato, 'ya'yan itace, tsaba iri, da ƙananan fruitsa fruitsan itace.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Warblers da ke dawowa daga hunturu sun fara yin gida gida a ƙarshen watan Afrilu. Da zaran warbleblers sun isa garuruwansu na asali, sai su zauna a cikin yankin inda za su gina gidaje kuma su fara raira waƙoƙin ban mamaki.
A irin wannan lokacin, waƙoƙin maza yana nuna cewa an riga an karɓi wurin, kuma mahimmancin suna kama da kira daga mace don su yi aure. Ya kamata a sani cewa rayuwar iyali ta Whitethroats tana da tsari sosai, dukansu ma'aurata ne masu aminci da iyaye masu kulawa. Bayan an halicci nau'i-nau'i, tsuntsayen za su fara hada-hadar gidajan juna a hade.
Yawancin lokaci ana shirya nets warbler a cikin kambi na bishiyoyi a tsawo na mita 1.5-2.0 sama da ƙasa. Kayan shimfiɗa shine gashin dabbobi na gida, kamar dawakai, shanu, da gansakuka, busasshiyar ganye da sauran ciyawa.
Mace na daukar kwayaye na sati biyu. Bayan fitowar kajin, uwar mai tausayin ba ta barin gida na kwana biyu ko uku, bayan wani takamaiman lokaci ita, tare da mahaifin dangin, suna tashi don neman abinci. Ma'aurata masu ɗaurin warblers suna ci gaba da ciyar da yaran da suka kaura daga gida zuwa wani sulusin na wata, amma ba da daɗewa ba suka fara sabon kama kuma komai ya maimaita.
Tsarin rayuwa na warblers a cikin daji shine shekaru 7-10, kuma tare da kyakkyawan kulawar gida waɗannan tsuntsayen zasu iya farantawa masu su rai tare da raira waƙoƙinsu na tsawon shekaru 10-12, wanda a mizanin tsuntsaye ba ƙarami bane.