Fasali da mazaunin karkanda
Da alama bai kamata ku yi jayayya da hakan ba karkanda - ɗayan dabbobin da suka fi girma a duniyarmu. Duniya kawai ta san kusan nau'ikan dabbobi biyar masu ƙafafun-ƙafafu - waɗannan su ne baki da fari karkanda, Javanese, Indiya da Sumatran. Asiyawa sun banbanta da takwarorinsu na Afirka ta yadda suke da kaho daya kawai, yayin da wasu ke da guda biyu.
Farin karkanda, mazaunan savannas na nahiyar Afirka, idan aka kwatanta da ɗan'uwan baƙar fata da ke zaune a wurin, shine kan gaba wajen yawan lambobi. Bugu da kari, babu wasu halaye na daban wadanda zasu sha bamban da jinsin.
Ina mamakin menene sunan baki karkanda, kazalika da laƙabin "farin dabba", suna da mahimmanci. Saboda launin fata na dabba ya dogara da launuka masu launi na ƙasa wanda ya rufe wannan ɓangaren duniya inda karkanda ta sami mafaka. Kwanciya a cikin laka wani abu ne da aka fi so na karkanda, suna lalata fata da laka, suna bushewa a rana, kuma tana ba ɗaya ko wata inuwar fata.
Karkanda dabbobi ne na babba girma. Tare da nauyinta mai ban sha'awa na tan 2 zuwa 4 da tsawon kimanin mita 3 ko fiye, tsayin mitoci 1.5 ne kawai. Irin waɗannan sigogin suna ba da haƙƙin kiran karkanda dabbar tsugune.
Hoton farin karkanda ne
Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, kawunan karkanda an yi masa ado da ƙaho. Misali, a cikin Afirkamusamman a Zambiya, waɗannan babu irinsu dabbobi akwai uku, kuma wani lokacin biyar jaraba matakai.
Rikodi na tsawon waɗannan matakan nasa na farin karkanda ne - tsayinsa, a cewar masana, na iya kaiwa alamar mita daya da rabi. Idan kun bayyana a taƙaice game da karkatar Sumatran, to tabbatacce sananne ne cewa wannan shine tsoffin jinsunan waɗanda suka rayu har zuwa yau.
Jikinta ya lullubeshi da gajerun gashin kansa, akwai masu ragi, kuma a gaban kai akwai kaho biyu kowannensu 25-30 cm, kuma kahon na uku wani mummunan yanayin kaho ne kuma ana iya kiran shi tsawa ba wani abu ba.
A cikin hoton, karkandayen Sumatran
Jikin rhinoceros, kamar yadda suke faɗa, bai ɓata wa Allah rai ba. Yanayi ya azurta shi da jiki mai girman gaske, wuya mai irin wannan, babban, zagaye na baya, mai kauri amma ƙananan gaɓoɓi.
Rhino yana da yatsun kafa uku a ƙafafunsa kuma kowannensu ya ƙare da ƙaramin kofato, wanda ya bambanta su da dawakai. Amma wutsiyar da dabi'a ta samu ga dabba karama ce, kamar ta jaki, ko da tassel iri daya ne.
Kallo hoto na karkanda, zaka iya fahimtar nan da nan menene dabba mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Fata mai laushi tana da kauri sosai kuma tana da kaifi, amma wannan ba zai hana su samarda jikin jikin dabban ba, kuma daga wannan ne karkanda take zama kamar dabba mai kayan ado.
Dabbobin ba su da ulu. Iyakokin kunnuwa da na jela ne kawai ke rufe da ulu mai toka. Muna tunatar da ku cewa wannan bai shafi yankin karkarar Sumatran ba.
Gabobin ji suna ci gaba ta hanyoyi daban-daban - ana jin ƙanshin yana da kyau, amma ji da kuma musamman hangen nesa ba su da kaifin isa saboda haka suna taka rawa ta biyu a rayuwar dabba.
Yanayi da salon rayuwar karkanda
Yanayin karkanda yana da rikici. Ba zato ba tsammani yana da tawali'u kuma yana da nutsuwa, sannan ba zato ba tsammani ya zama mai fushi da faɗa. Wataƙila, girman girman, tsoratarwa mai firgitarwa, da wani nau'in myopia ya sa ya yiwu a sami cikakkiyar lafiya.
A zahiri, a cikin dabbobin savannah, banda mutane, zaku iya ƙidaya magabtan a yatsunku - giwaye, damisa da wasu lokuta bauna masu haushi. Damisa, ba ta da haɗari ga baligi, amma bai damu da cin naman beran beran ba. Sabili da haka, lokacin da lokacin ya yi, damisa na ƙoƙarin jan yaran daga ƙarkashin hancin uwa mai banƙyama.
Mutum shine babban abokin gabar karkanda. Dalilin kashe dabbobi ya ta'allaka ne a cikin ƙahoninsu, waɗanda suke da tsada a wasu kewayen. Ko a zamanin da, mutum yayi imani cewa kahon dabba zai iya kawo sa'a kuma ya baiwa mai shi dauwama. Masu warkarwa na gargajiya sunyi amfani da keɓaɓɓiyar kaddarorin waɗannan ƙa'idodin azabar a madadin magani.
Bayan na gama waƙar mawaƙa, bari in ci gaba zuwa ƙarin bayanin salon rayuwar karkanda. Don haka, dabba na iya jin mutum, godiya ga ƙamshin ƙamshi daga nesa na mita 30 da ƙari kaɗan.
Da zaran dabbar ta fahimci haɗarin, ba za ta jira ganawa da abokan gaba ba, amma za ta yi hanzarin guduwa wacce, gabaɗaya, ba ta da wata ma'ana kuma tana yin biyayya ga dokokin kiyaye kai. Rhino na iya gudu da sauri.
Gudun ta ya fi na zakarun Olympics girma sosai kuma yana da nisan kilomita 30 / h. Masana kimiyya sun kuma kirga saurin karkanda da ke gudana lokacin da ta fusata kuma suka yi iƙirarin cewa za ta iya yin yawo a kilomita 50 / h. Yarda, yana da ban sha'awa!
Rhino suna iyo kamar yadda suke gudu. Koyaya, karkanda tana son tsarin rayuwa cikin annashuwa sabili da haka yana yin mafi yawan ransa a cikin ruwa, suna birgima cikin laka ƙarƙashin hasken rana mai ɗumi. Gaskiya ne, ana lura da kololuwar aiki a cikin dabbobi da daddare. Rhinoceroses suna mafarkin kwanciya, suna binne muzzarinsu a cikin laka suna lanƙwasa dukkan gaɓoɓin da ke ƙarƙashinsu.
Dabbobin garken dabbobi Karkanda ta Asiya sanya suna ba daidai ba ne, saboda ya fi son yin rayuwa ta kadaici. Lokaci-lokaci, mutane suna haɗuwa da dabbobi biyu ko uku a cikin wani sashi, amma waɗannan yawanci uwa ce da cuba cuban. Amma dangin Afirka suna jituwa da ƙananan ƙungiyoyi, daga mutane 3 zuwa 15.
Rhino yana nuna iyakokin dukiya da fitsari ko alamomi tare da digo. Koyaya, masana sunyi imanin cewa tarin tarin abubuwa ba alamomi bane na iyaka, amma wani nau'in bayanan bayanai ne. Karkanda mai wucewa ta bar mai bin ta da alamun ƙasa da ke nuna lokacin da kuma ta wace hanya dangi ke tafiya.
Duniyar dabbobi, inda karkanda ke zaune suna da banbanci sosai, amma wannan dabba ba ta taba makwabta, kuma a cikin tsuntsayen suna da abokan aiki. Don haka, alal misali, tsuntsaye na wasu nau'ikan taurari suna nan kusa da wannan dabba mai ban tsoro.
Suna kowane lokaci suna tsalle akan gangar jikin karkanda kuma yanzu kuma sannan suna tsunduma cikin fitar da kaska na jini daga cikin wuraren. Wataƙila, lokacin da suka yi nasara, wani ciwo mara daɗi yakan taso, saboda dabbar ta yi tsalle ta fara nishi, amma sai ta huce kuma ta sake yin iyo a cikin gulbin.
Rhino yana cin abinci
Dabbar Rhino mai amfani da komai, ya fi son abincin ganyayyaki - ganye da rassan ƙananan daji. A Afirka, dazuzzuka suna da ƙaya mai yawa, amma wannan ba ya tsoratar da karkanda, da kuma tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire masu tsiro a cikin savannah. Wani karkanda da ke zaune a Indiya ta ci nau'in tsire-tsire na ruwa. Har ila yau, abincin da ya fi so shi ne ganye, wanda ake kira giwa.
Dabbar tana ciyar da awanni da safe da maraice, kuma karkanda tana yin rana mai zafi a inuwar bishiyoyi. Suna zuwa ramin shayarwa kowace rana. Don jin daɗin danshi mai ba da rai, wani lokacin sai sun shawo kan hanyar kilomita 10.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Lokacin kiwo a cikin karkanda bashi da wani takamaiman lokacin da zai ɗaure shi, amma halayensu yayin lokacin saduwa abu ne mai ban mamaki. Yaƙe-yaƙe na al'ada tsakanin karkanda na maza ba sabon abu bane, amma faɗace-faɗace tsakanin jinsi daban-daban, watakila, abin gani ne na musamman.
Abokin kulawa ya kusanci mace, kuma a fusace ta kore shi. Maza ne kawai masu dagewa suna neman yardar mata. Bayan sun cimma burin su, abokan sun rasa sha'awar juna, amma sakamakon saduwa, an haifi kyawawan yara masu nauyin kilogram 50.
Hoto ne na karkandawar jariri
Mace koyaushe tana kawo ɗa daya. Jariri ya samu ci gaba sosai kuma yana iya tsayawa da ƙafafunsa cikin mintuna 15. Cuba cuban suna cin madarar uwa har zuwa shekaru biyu, kuma rabuwa da mahaifiya yawanci yakan faru ne lokacin da jaririn ya cika shekara uku da rabi.
Lokacin da aka haifi ƙaramin karkanda, ana bayyana kumburi sosai a kansa - wannan shine makamin nan gaba na karkanda - ƙaho, wanda daga baya zai iya kare kansa da zuriyarsa. A cikin daji, karkanda na rayuwa tsawon shekaru 30, amma akwai lokuta lokacin da masu shekaru ɗari suka wuce ƙofar rabin karni.
