Katakon TemminckAn san ta da "kitsen wuta" a Thailand da Burma, kuma kamar "kyanwar dutse" a sassan China, kyakkyawa ce da ke da matsakaiciyar girma. Sun kasance na biyu mafi girman rukunin kuliyoyin Asiya. Fatar su ta banbanta launi daga kirfa zuwa launuka daban-daban na launin ruwan kasa, da launin toka da baƙi (melanistic).
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Cat Temminck
Kyanwar Temminck tana da kamanceceniya da na zinare na Afirka, amma da wuya su kasance suna da kusanci sosai, saboda dazukan Afirka da Asiya ba su da alaƙa fiye da shekaru miliyan 20 da suka gabata. Misalinsu shine mafi kusantar misali na canjin halitta.
Kyanwar Temminck yayi kama da katancen Borneo Bay a zahiri da kuma halaye. Nazarin kwayoyin halitta ya nuna cewa jinsin biyu suna da kusanci sosai. Ana samun kyanwar Temminck a cikin Sumatra da Malesiya, waɗanda aka raba su da Borneo shekaru 10,000 da suka wuce kimanin dubu 15 zuwa 15 da suka wuce. Waɗannan abubuwan lura sun haifar da gaskatawa cewa kyanwar Borneo Bay ƙananan raƙuman ruwa ne na kyanwar Temminck.
Bidiyo: Cat Temminck
Binciken kwayar halitta ya nuna cewa kyanwar Temminck, tare da kuliyoyin Borneo Bay da kyanwar marbled, sun yi nesa da wasu matan a kusa da shekaru miliyan 9.4 da suka gabata, kuma kyanwar Temminck da kyanwar Borneo Bay sun rabu kamar na shekaru miliyan hudu da suka gabata, yana mai nuna cewa na karshen wani jinsin daban ne tun kafin kadaita Borneo.
Saboda alakar kut-da-kut da ke tsakaninta da kuli-kuli, ana kiranta Seua fai ("damin wuta") a wasu yankuna na Thailand. Dangane da tatsuniyoyin yanki, kona fur din kidan kidan Temminck yana hana damisa. An yi imanin cewa cin nama yana da irin wannan tasirin. Mutanen Karen sun yi amannar cewa ya isa ɗaukar gashin cat guda ɗaya kawai tare da su. Yawancin mutanen ƙasar suna ɗaukar cat a matsayin mai taurin kai, amma an san cewa a cikin fursuna ya kasance mai nutsuwa da nutsuwa.
A kasar Sin, ana daukar kyanwar Temminka a matsayin nau'in damisa kuma ana kiranta da "katar dutse" ko "damisa mai launin rawaya". Hanyoyi mabambanta launi suna da sunaye daban-daban: ana kiran kuliyoyi masu launin baƙar fata "leopards na tawada" kuma ana kiran kuliyoyi masu launin tabo "damisar sesame".
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: An sanyawa kyanyar suna ne bayan masanin kimiyyar dabbobin Holandraad Jacob Temminck, wanda ya fara bayanin kyanwar zinaren Afirka a 1827.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Yaya catm Temmink yake?
Kyanwar Temminka wata matsakaiciyar kyanwa ce mai doguwar ƙafa. Ya yi kama da kamannin kyanwar zinare na Afirka (Caracal aurata), duk da haka, binciken da aka gudanar game da kwayar halitta ya nuna cewa ya fi kusanci da kuli-kuli na Borneo Bay (Catopuma badia) da kyanwar marbled (Pardofelis marmorata).
Akwai ragi biyu na kifin Temminck:
- catopuma temminckii temminckii a Sumatra da Malay Peninsula;
- catopuma temminckii moormensis daga Nepal zuwa arewacin Myanmar, China, Tibet, da kudu maso gabashin Asiya.
Kyanwar Temminka abin mamakin ne a cikin launinta. Launin gashi mafi yawanci shine zinariya ko launin ruwan kasa mai ja, amma kuma yana iya zama launin ruwan kasa mai duhu ko ma launin toka. An ba da rahoton mutane masu saɓo kuma suna da rinjaye a wasu yankuna na kewayon sa.
Akwai kuma wani nau'i mai launuka iri-iri wanda ake kira "ocelot morph" saboda zobensa masu kama da irin na ocelot. Zuwa yau, an bayar da rahoton wannan nau'i daga China (a cikin Sichuan da Tibet) da kuma daga Bhutan. Abubuwan da aka fi sani da wannan kyanyar sune layukan farare masu iyaka daga duhu zuwa launin ruwan kasa zuwa baƙi, suna gudana ta cikin kumatu, daga hancin hancin zuwa kumatu, a cikin kusurwar cikin idanuwa har zuwa rawanin. Kunnuwan da aka kewaye suna da baƙon baya tare da tabo mai toka. Kirji, ciki da gefen ciki na kafafu fari ne da digon haske. Legsafafu da wutsiya launin toka ne zuwa baƙi a ƙarshen ƙarshen. Halfarshen ƙarshen rabin jelar yana da fari fari a ƙasan kuma sau da yawa ya naɗe saman saman sama. Maza sun fi mata girma.
A ina kidan Temminck yake zaune?
Hotuna: Cat Temminck a cikin yanayi
Rarraba kyanwar Temminck yayi kama da na damisa mai gajimare (Neofelis nebulosa), damisar Sund mai gajimare (Neofelis diardi), da kyanwar da aka yiwa laushi. Ta fi son gandun daji masu daushin ruwa mai zafi, da hadaddun gandun daji, da kuma busassun dazuzzuka. An samo shi a cikin dutsen Himalayas a cikin China da kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Tana kuma zama a Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, da Vietnam. Ba a sami kuliyoyin Temminka a cikin Borneo ba.
A Indiya, an yi mata rajista ne kawai a jihohin arewa maso gabashin Assam, Arunachal Pradesh da Sikkim. Openarin wuraren buɗe ido kamar su shrubs da filayen ciyawa, ko wuraren buɗe duwatsu an ba da rahoton lokaci zuwa lokaci. Hakanan an gano wannan nau'in tare da kyamarorin tarko waɗanda ke kusa ko kusa da dabinon mai da kofi a Sumatra.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Kodayake kuliyoyin Temminck na iya hawa da kyau, suna yawan amfani da lokacinsu a ƙasa tare da dogon wutsiya da ke lanƙwasa a saman.
Ana yin rikodin kyanwar Temminck a tsawan tsawan tsaurara. An hango shi har zuwa 3,050m a Sikkim, India, kuma a Jigme Sigye Wangchuk National Park a Bhutan a 3,738m a yankin dwarf rhododendrons da makiyaya. Rikodi na tsawo na 3960 m, inda aka samo kyanwar Temminka a cikin Hangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve, Sikkim, Indiya. Koyaya, a wasu yankuna ya fi zama ruwan dare a cikin dazukan da ke ƙasa.
A cikin Kerinchi Seblat National Park a Sumatra, an ɗauke shi ne kawai ta hanyar tarkon kyamara a ƙananan hawa. A cikin dazukan tsaunuka na lardin Arunachal Pradesh da ke yammacin Indiya, kyamarar tarko ba ta kama kyanwar Temminka ba, duk da bayyanar kuliyoyin marmara da damisa mai gajimare.
Yanzu kun san inda kyanwar daji na Temminika take zaune. Bari mu ga abin da wannan kyanwar zinariya ta Asiya ta ci.
Menene kifin Temminck ya ci?
Hotuna: Wild cat Temminka
Kamar yawancin kuliyoyin girmansu, kuliyoyin Temminck masu cin nama ne, galibi suna cin ƙananan ganima kamar su Indo-China squirrel squirrel, ƙananan macizai da sauran amphibians, beraye da kurege matasa. A cikin Sikkim, Indiya, a cikin tsaunuka, suna kuma farautar manyan dabbobi kamar aladun daji, bauna ruwa da barewar sambar. Inda mutane suke, suna kuma farautar raguna da awaki na gida.
Kyanwar Temminck da farko mafarauta ce ta duniya, kodayake mazauna yankin suna da'awar cewa ita ma ƙwararriyar hawan hawa ce. An yi imanin cewa kifin Temminck yana cin ganyayyaki a kan manyan beraye. Koyaya, kuma sanannen farautar dabbobi masu rarrafe, ƙaramar amphibians, kwari, tsuntsaye, tsuntsayen gida da ƙananan ungulaye kamar muntjac da chevroten.
An ba da rahoto cewa kuliyoyin Temminck suna cin ganyayyaki akan manyan dabbobi kamar:
- katako a tsaunukan Sikkim, Indiya;
- aladu da sambar a Arewacin Vietnam;
- matasa 'yan bauna gida.
Wani bincike da aka yi game da kwari a Taman Negara National Park a Peninsula Malaysia ya nuna cewa kuliyoyi ma na cin ganyayyaki kamar su biri da bera. A Sumatra, akwai rahotanni daga mazauna wurin cewa kuliyoyin Temminck wani lokacin sukan farautar tsuntsaye.
A cikin fursuna, ana ciyar da kuliyoyin Temminck da ɗan abinci daban-daban. An basu dabbobin da ke dauke da mai mai kasa da 10%, saboda da yawan kitse, dabbobi suna amai. Abincinsu kuma yana wadatar da kayan haɓakar aluminum carbonate da multivitamins. “Matattun abinci duka” waɗanda aka gabatar wa dabbobi su ne kaza, zomaye, alade, beraye da ɓeraye. A gidajen zoo, kuliyoyin Temminck suna karɓar abinci daga kilogiram 800 zuwa 1500 kowace rana.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Zinariyar zinariya Temminka
Ba a san kaɗan game da halayyar kyanwar Temminck. An taɓa tunanin cewa yawancin dare ne, amma shaidun kwanan nan sun nuna cewa kyanwa na iya zama maraice ko kuma diurnal. Kuliyoyi biyu na Temminck tare da kayan aikin rediyo a Phu Khyeu National Park, Thailand, sun nuna mafi yawan lokuta na dare da maraice a cikin aiki. Bugu da kari, galibin kuliyoyin Temminck an dauke su hoto da rana a cikin Kerinchi Seblat da Bukit Barisan Selatan National Parks da ke Sumatra.
Yankin kuliyoyin kifin na Temminck guda biyu a cikin Thailand a Phu Khieu National Park ya kasance kilomita 33 (mata) da 48 km² (namiji) kuma sun mamaye sosai. A cikin Sumatra, wata mata mai kwalaron rediyo ta yi amfani da wani muhimmin lokacin nata a wajen yankin da aka kiyaye shi a cikin kananan yankuna na gandun dajin da ya rage tsakanin gonakin kofi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Ayyuka na kuliyoyin Temminck sun haɗa da raɗa, tofawa, meowing, tsarkakewa, kara da gurnani. Sauran hanyoyin sadarwa da ake gani a cikin kuliyoyin Temminck da aka kama sun hada da sanya alamar kamshi, feshin fitsari, itacen rake da katako da fika, da kuma shafa kawunan su kan abubuwa daban-daban, kwatankwacin halin kyanwa na gida.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Kitten cat Temminka
Ba a san da yawa game da halayyar haifuwa ta wannan kyanwa da ke cikin daji ba. Mafi yawan abin da aka sani an ciro shi ne daga kuliyoyin da aka kama. Kyanwarta mata suna girma tsakanin watanni 18 zuwa 24, kuma maza a cikin watanni 24. Mata suna shiga estrus duk bayan kwana 39, bayan haka sai su bar alamomi kuma su nemi hulɗa da namiji a cikin yanayin karɓuwa. Yayin saduwa, namiji zai kamo wuyan mace da hakoransa.
Bayan cikar ciki na kwana 78 zuwa 80, mace zata haihu da kittensiya ɗaya zuwa uku a cikin yanki mai kariya. Kittens yana auna tsakanin gram 220 zuwa 250 lokacin haihuwa, amma sau uku ya ninka a farkon makonni takwas na rayuwa. An haife su, sun riga sun mallaki samfurin babbar riga, kuma suna buɗe idanunsu bayan kwana shida zuwa goma sha biyu. A cikin bauta, suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru ashirin.
Kyanwar Temminck a gidan shakatawar Washington Park (yanzu gidan Zoo na Oregon) ya nuna ƙaruwa sosai a yanayin yawan wari a lokacin ƙaddarawa. A lokaci guda, tana yawan shafa wuyanta da kai da abubuwa marasa rai. Har ila yau, ta maimaita kusa da namiji a cikin keji, ta goge shi kuma ta ɗauki matsayin fahimta (lordosis) a gabansa. A wannan lokacin, namijin ya kara saurin warin, da kuma yawan kusantar sa da bin mace. Halin ɗabi'a na namiji ya haɗa da cizon occiput, amma ba kamar sauran ƙananan yara ba, cizon bai ci gaba ba.
Wasu ma'aurata a gidan shakatawa na Washington Park Zoo sun samar da litter 10, kowannensu ya kunshi kyanwa guda; litter biyu na kyanwa ɗaya, kowannensu an haife shi ne a Wassenaar Zoo a Netherlands, an yi rijistar ɗayan kyanwa daga wata leda. An haife litter biyu na kyanwa biyu a wata bishiyar kiwo mai zaman kanta a California, amma babu ɗayansu da ya rayu.
Abokan gaba na kuliyoyin Temminck
Photo: Mai hadari cat Temminka
Akwai rashin cikakkun bayanai game da yawan kuliyoyin Temminck da matsayinsu, da kuma ƙaramin matakin wayar da kan jama'a. Koyaya, babban barazanar ga kyanwar Temminck ya zama kamar hasarar muhalli da canje-canje saboda sare dazuzzuka a cikin dazuzzuka masu zafi da zafi. Dazuzzuka a kudu maso gabashin Asiya na fuskantar saurin sare itatuwa a duniya a yankin, sakamakon fadada dabinon mai, kofi, itaciya da gonakin roba.
Hakanan kyanwar ta Temminck tana fuskantar barazanar farautar fata da kashinta, wadanda ake amfani da su a magungunan gargajiya, da kuma nama, wanda ake ganin cin abinci ne a wasu yankuna. A wasu yankuna, mutane na ganin cewa cin naman kifin na Temminck yana kara ƙarfi da kuzari. Yunkurin farautar jinsin ana ganin yana karuwa a yankuna da yawa.
An lura da cinikin gashin katako a kan iyakar tsakanin Myanmar da Thailand da kuma a Sumatra, da kuma a yankunan arewa maso gabashin Indiya. A Kudancin China, kuliyoyin Temminck sun zama sanannen mashahuri don wannan dalili, saboda raguwar abubuwa a cikin damisa da damisa da yawa sun mai da hankali ga ƙananan nau'in aladu. Mutanen karkara suna bin kuliyoyin Temminck kuma suna kafa tarko ko amfani da karnukan farauta don nemo su da kusurwarsu.
Har ila yau, ana barazanar nau'in ta kamun kifi ba tare da nuna bambanci ba da raguwar yawan farauta saboda tsananin matsin farautar. Mutanen karkara suna bin hanyoyin kuliyoyin zinare kuma suna kafa tarko ko amfani da karnukan farauta don nemowa da kusurwa da kyanwar zinaren Asiya. Har ila yau, ana fuskantar barazanar jinsin ta hanyar kamun kifi ba tare da nuna bambanci ba da raguwar yawan farauta saboda tsananin matsin farautar. Mutanen karkara suna bin hanyoyin kuliyoyin zinare kuma suna kafa tarko ko amfani da karnukan farauta don nemowa da kusurwa da kyanwar zinaren Asiya.
Haka kuma an kashe katancin Asiya na zinare don ramuwar gayya don lalata dabbobi. Wani bincike da aka gudanar a kauyukan da ke kewayen Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park a Sumatra ya gano cewa kuli-kuli Temminka wani lokaci tana farautar kaji kuma a kan tursasa ta sakamakon hakan.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hoto: Yaya catmin Temminka yake?
An lissafa kifin na Temminck a matsayin mai hatsarin gaske, amma babu wani takamaiman bayani game da jinsunan da ke akwai don haka ba a san matsayin yawanta ba. A wasu yankuna na kewayon sa, wannan kamar baƙon abu ne. Ba a cika bayar da rahoton wannan kyanwa a kudancin China ba, kuma ana zaton kyanwar Temminck ba ta da yawa kamar damisar girgije da damisar da ke yankin.
Ba safai ake samun kyanwar Temminck a gabashin Kambodiya, Laos da Vietnam ba. Sabuwar shigowa daga Vietnam ta faro ne daga shekarar 2005, kuma a lardunan kasar Sin na Yunnan, Sichuan, Guangxi da Jiangxi, an samo nau'ikan sau uku ne kawai yayin wani binciken da aka yi. Koyaya, a wasu yankuna, da alama yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan ƙananan mata. Karatu a Laos, Thailand da Sumatra sun nuna cewa kyanwar Temminck ta fi kowa yawa fiye da yadda ake yin kuli-kuli kamar kuli-kuli da damisar da ke babbar kasa. Rarraba jinsunan yana da iyaka kuma mai facin jiki a Bangladesh, Indiya da Nepal. A Bhutan, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar da Thailand, ya fi yaduwa. Gabaɗaya, an yi amannar cewa adadin kuliyoyin Temminck yana raguwa a duk faɗin su saboda babbar asarar muhalli da ci gaba da ɓata doka.
Kiyaye kuliyoyi Temminck
Hotuna: Cat Temminck daga littafin Red
An tsara kyanwar Temminka a cikin Littafin Ja kuma an jera shi a Shafi I na CITES kuma yana da cikakkiyar kariya a mafi yawan kewayon ta. An haramta farauta a hukumance a Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Peninsular Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand da Vietnam, kuma ana tsara ta a cikin Jamhuriyar Demokiradiyar Lao. A wuraren da aka kiyaye a cikin Bhutan, babu dokar kariya ga kuliyoyin Temminck.
Saboda farauta da farautar kuliyoyi, Temminck ya ci gaba da raguwa. Duk da kariyar da suke yi, har yanzu akwai ciniki a fatu da kashin wadannan kuliyoyin. Ana buƙatar tsaurara doka da aiwatar da dokokin ƙasa da na duniya. Kula da muhalli da kirkirar wasu titunan muhalli suma suna da mahimmanci don kare jinsunan.
Ba a yi la'akari da su cikin haɗari ba tukuna, amma suna kusa da shi. Wasu kuliyoyin Temminck suna rayuwa cikin bauta. Ba su da kyau a irin wannan yanayin, shi ya sa galibi ake barin su a daji. Kokarin kubutar da muhallinsu yana da matukar mahimmanci. Bangaskiyar mutane a cikin Thailand na iya sanya kiyayewar ta wahala. Sun yi imanin cewa ta hanyar ƙona gashin gashin kifin na Temminck ko cin namansa, za su sami damar keɓe kansu daga damisa.
Katakon Temminck Kyanwa ce da ke rayuwa a Asiya da Afirka. Abin takaici, yawan su ana sanya su cikin masu hatsari ko masu rauni. Suna da girman girman katan gida sau biyu zuwa uku.Kodayake furfinsu galibi zinare ne ko launin ja, launin gashi yana da launuka iri-iri na ban mamaki da alamu.
Ranar bugawa: 31.10.2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 02.09.2019 a 20:50
