Kharza (wanda aka fi sani da Ussuri marten ko kirjin-rawaya) Dabba ce mai farautar dabba wacce take cikin dangin mustelids, kuma ita ce mafi girman jinsi a tsakanin wannan jinsin kuma ana rarrabe shi da launi mafi ban mamaki da ban mamaki.
Fasali da mazauninsu
Jikin harza yana da sassauci sosai, tsoka ce kuma mai tsawo, tare da dogon wuya da matsakaiciyar kai. Muzzle aka nuna, kuma kunnuwa kanana ne dangane da kai.
Tsawon wutsiyar dabbar ya kai kusan kashi biyu bisa uku na duka tsawon jiki, ƙafafu da ƙafafu masu faɗi da kaifi. Nauyin nauyi daga 2.4 zuwa 5.8 kilogiram, maza yawanci sun fi mata girma da kashi ɗaya bisa uku, wani lokacin ma kusan rabi.
Kuna iya rarrabe kharza daga sauran wakilan mustelids ta haske mai haske, abin tunawa.
Launin dabba yana da bambanci daban-daban kuma ya bambanta da launin sauran dangi a cikin tabarau iri-iri. Hannun bakin da na saman kai yawanci baki ne, ƙananan gefen kai har da maƙogwaron fari ne.
Riga da ke jikin harza tana cikin inuwar zinariya mai duhu, ta zama ruwan kasa zuwa tafin kafa da jela. Matasa matasa suna da launi mai sauƙi, wanda ya zama mai duhu sosai da shekaru.
Ana iya samun Kharzu a cikin Tsibirin Sunda Mafi Girma, Tsibirin Malay, Indochina ko tuddai na Himalayas. An kuma rarraba shi a Indiya, Iran, Pakistan, Nepal, Turkey, China da yankin Koriya.
Afghanistan, Dagestan, North Ossetia, tsibirin Taiwan, Sumatra, Java, Isra’ila da Georgia suna cikin mazaunin waɗannan maƙarƙancin daga gidan weasel. A cikin Rasha, harza tana zaune a cikin Amur, Krasnoyarsk, Krasnodar da Khabarovsk. A yau, marten mai launin rawaya ya bayyana a cikin Kirimiya (an riga an gan shi fiye da sau ɗaya a kusancin Yalta da Massandra).
Kharza yana da matukar son nutsuwa a kusancin ruwa. Irin wannan nau'in da ba safai ba Nilgir kharza, ana samun sa ne kawai a yankin kudancin Indiya, don haka zaka iya ganin su ne kawai bayan ziyartar yankunan da ba za a iya shiga ba na wannan ƙasar.
Hali da salon rayuwar harza
Kharza tana zaune musamman a cikin gandun daji da dogayen bishiyoyi. A cikin ƙasashe masu zafi, yana matsawa kusa da yankunan dausayi, kuma a cikin yankuna masu ƙanƙan da kai yana zaune ne a cikin kaurin juniper da bishiyun da aka ɓoye tsakanin masu sanya duwatsu. Kharza tana guje wa mutane kuma tana ƙoƙari ta zauna nesa da birane da ƙauyuka. Hakanan ba ta son wuraren sanyi da dusar ƙanƙara tare da kasancewarta.
Ba kamar sauran nau'ikan martaba ba, wannan dabbar ba ta da alaƙa da wani yanki na musamman kuma da wuya ya jagoranci rayuwa ta zama, ban da mata Horza a lokacin lokacin haihuwa da lokacin shayarwa.
Insofar kamar harza– marten farauta, yayin neman abin farauta, yana tafiya har zuwa kilomita ashirin kowace rana, kuma don hutawa ta zaɓi irin waɗannan mafaka kamar ɓoyayyen dutse ko rami na wata doguwar bishiya da ke cikin iska mai iska, wanda ba za a iya shiga cikin ɗan adam ba. An yi amannar cewa martabar Ussuri kusan ba ta da alaƙa da mahalli na dindindin, suna fifita jagorancin rayuwar makiyaya.
Harza yakan iya tattarawa a ƙananan ƙungiyoyi.
Kharza yana motsawa akasari a ƙasa, kodayake a tsawan sama yana jin nutsuwa sosai, yana hawa kan bishiyun da santsi yana tsalle tsakanin su a nesa har zuwa mita goma. Ussuri martens suna farauta galibi a ƙungiyoyi (yawanci daga mutane uku zuwa biyar), wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ake ɗaukar su dabbobi masu zaman jama'a.
A wannan halin, rawar da suke takawa a yayin farautar sun rabu: wasu suna shigar da abincinsu zuwa cikin wani tarko, wanda tuni wasu "abokan tafiya" da ke hannu-biyu-biyu suna jiran sa. Yayin farauta, suna fitar da sautuna kwatankwacin haushin karnuka, wanda wataƙila yana da aikin daidaitawa.
Hakanan shahidai masu shayarwa na iya ƙirƙirar ma'aurata kuma an tsara su cikin ƙungiyoyi ba kawai don farauta ba, har ma don haɗin gwiwa tare.
Abincin Harza
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, harza mai farauta ce, kuma kodayake ana iya ɗaukar ta dabba mai cin komai, babban abincin ta ya ƙunshi kusan 96% na abincin dabbobi.
Kharza na iya cin ƙananan ƙananan beraye, squirrels, squirrels, dodon raccoon, sables, hares, pheasants, hazel grouses, kifi iri-iri, mollusks, kwari, da manyan dabbobi kamar su barewar daji, barewa, doki, barewa da jan barewa.
Daga abincin tsire, harza ya fi son 'ya'yan itace, kwayoyi da' ya'yan itace. Martanin Ussuri shima yana son cin abinci akan zuma, tsoma jelarsa a cikin amsar kudan zuma sannan ya lasar dashi.
A lokacin sanyi, dabbobin suna komawa cikin kungiyoyi don farauta tare, tare da isowa lokacin bazara, harza ta tafi farauta mai zaman kanta kuma ta tsunduma neman abinci da kanta.
Kodayake abincin da ake yi wa martens-breasted martens yana da yawa, daga ƙananan rodents da deer deer zuwa pine nuts da iri-iri na 'ya'yan itace, barewar musk suna cikin girmamawa ta musamman, wanda galibi suna tuƙawa zuwa gadon wani kogin daskarewa don dabbar ta rasa daidaituwar motsin ta yayin saman saman , kuma bisa ga haka ya zama sauƙin ganima ga kharza.
Harza na iya kai farmaki kaji don neman ganima
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Lokacin kiwo na martabar Ussuri yana cikin watan Agusta. Maza yawanci suna yaki don mata, suna fada don su. Ciki mace na tsawon kwanaki 120, bayan haka sai ta sami kanta a matsayin amintaccen masauki, inda take kawo 'ya'ya a cikin adadin' ya'ya uku zuwa biyar.
Kula da jarirai kuma galibi ya kan wuyan uwa ne, mace ba kawai tana ciyar da zuriyar ba, har ma tana koya musu farauta da sauran dabarun da suka dace don ci gaba da rayuwa a daji.
Kubawa suna zama tare da mahaifiyarsu har zuwa kusan bazara mai zuwa, bayan haka suna barin gidan iyayensu. Matan Harza sun isa balaga tun suna shekaru biyu.
Shahararrun masu shayarwa sune dabbobin zamantakewar al'umma kuma suna kafa ma'aurata waɗanda basa rabuwa a duk rayuwarsu. Tunda kusan babu makiya a cikin yanayin kharza, suna da rayuwa mai tsawo kuma suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru goma sha biyar zuwa ashirin, ko ma fiye da haka.
Sayi Kharza yana da matsala sosai, musamman tunda wannan dabbar ba ta da yawa kuma an haɗa ta cikin jerin cinikin ƙasa da ƙasa a cikin dabbobin da ke cikin haɗari, yana da sauƙin samu hoton kharza kuma kada ku fitar da wannan marten makiyaya daga mazaunin ta na asali.
