Black grouse - tsuntsu na dajin Rasha
Teterev - sanannen hali a cikin tatsuniyar yara "Fox da Blackcock". Jarumi mai hankali ne, ana auna shi, da kamun kai da juriya. Abin da mafarauta ke da gaske sun san shi wanene, waɗanda suka karanci halayensa kuma suke kiran baƙar fata ta hanyar da suka dace: blackie, zakaran filin, birch ko kosach. Mace kuma tana da sunaye masu yawa masu ban sha'awa: grouse, whale killer, hazel-grouse, pole.
Nau'in kayan kwalliyar baki
Mafi shahararrun sune jinsuna biyu, waɗanda galibi ke zaune a yankin ƙasar Rasha: baki grouse da Baƙin Caucasian baki. Gandun daji, steppe da yanki-steppe yanki ne na groan gari mai baƙar fata.
Kosach sananne ne ga sasantawa kusan zuwa Arctic Circle, kuma groan baƙar fata na Caucasian, bisa ga sunan, suna zaune a cikin Caucasus, amma lambobinta suna cikin barazanar bacewa, an lissafa jinsunan a cikin Red Book. Blackarfin baƙar fata na Caucasian ya fi ƙanƙancin kosach girma, ya ɗan bambanta kaɗan a cikin plumage kuma a cikin siffar jela, ya fi karkata zuwa gefe sosai.
A ƙasashen waje, ana san baƙar fata a arewacin Kazakhstan, a yamma da Mongolia, a Jamus, Poland, a arewacin Biritaniya, Scandinavia da wasu ƙasashe. Ofaya daga cikin manyan dangi shine mai hikima a Arewacin Amurka, wanda yayi nauyi har zuwa kilogiram 4 har zuwa girman 75 cm.
A cikin hoto mai hikima
Wuraren da aka fi so da baƙar fata sune gandun daji na birch tare da yankuna masu buɗewa, waɗanda ke da shuke-shuke da bishiyoyi, gandun daji, tare da jikin ruwa kusa. Don haɗuwa da birch a cikin Jamus, ana kiran tsuntsu birch grouse. Yankunan bude tudu, wadanda a baya bakaken kwalliya ke zaune, tare da bunkasa noma, a hankali ya fara aiki ga mutane, kuma dole tsuntsayen su koma baya.
Bayyanar bayyanar baƙar fata
Black grouse - tsuntsu kyakkyawa: baƙar fata mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, mai wutsiya mai siffa mai launi iri ɗaya mai launin fari, girar ido mai launin ja mai haske. Yankunan farin fuka-fuka a cikin blackcocks galibi ana kiran su da madubi.
Black grouse wakili ne na musamman irin sa. Don gashin fuka-fukai, kama da baƙin alade, ya karɓi suna na biyu. Girman maza a kan matsakaita ya kai 60 cm kuma ya kai kimanin kilogiram 1.5.
Kosach, ɗayan sanannen nau'in baƙar fata
Babban faren yana karami: yana girma har zuwa 50 cm, nauyinsa bai wuce 1 kg ba. Launin grouse ya fi bambanta kuma ya fi kusa da launin ruwan kasa mai launin ja ko launuka masu toka, jelar ta fi guntu.
Shugaban baƙin grouse karami ne, bakinta gajere ne kuma mai ƙarfi. Dogayen gashin fuka-fukai akan fikafikan suna taimaka wajan sarrafa jirgi, suna aiki ne a matsayin wani abun kamala.
Ana iya gane muryoyin bakaken kayan kwalliyar, kosachi yayin lokacin saduwa yana kuwwa da ƙarfi kuma na dogon lokaci tare da gurnani. Muryar kuka dabam tare da duss. Grouses suna ta kaɗawa kamar kaji, a ƙarshen waƙa suna shimfiɗa sauti. A lokacin hunturu, tsuntsayen sun yi shiru.
Saurari muryar baƙin grouse
Rayuwa a cikin yanayi
Black grouse a cikin yanayi suna da matukar aiki a zamantakewar rayuwa, kiyaye, banda lokacin saduwa, cikin cakudaddun garken maza da mata. Adadin mutane a garken ya kai kawuna 200. Iyakar ayyuka a lokacin dumi shine sanyin safiya da kuma faɗuwar rana. Da rana, tsuntsayen suna faduwa a rana, suna zaune a kan rassan.
Tsuntsaye suna da salon rayuwa. Na dogon lokaci suna tafiya a ƙasa, suna motsawa cikin sauri kuma ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba har ma a cikin dazuzzuka masu yawa. Anan suka sami abinci, kiwo suka huta. Hakanan zasu iya kwana a ƙasa, ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi, akan bogs.
Idan ya cancanta, tashi da sauri da sauri. Gudun tsuntsaye yana da sauri da motsi. Ana iya ɗaukar baƙon baƙi daidai kamar na ƙasa da arboreal. Suna da ƙarfi suna motsawa ta cikin bishiyoyi, suna kwana a kan kulli, suna zaune da ƙarfi har ma da ƙananan rassa waɗanda da kyar suke ɗaukar nauyinsu.
Don neman earan kunnen intan itace, zasu iya rataye juye, yayin da suke mannewa da reshe da ƙafafunsu.
Groarfin baƙar fata yana da kyakkyawan ji da gani, musamman a cikin maɗaukakiyar magana, waɗanda sune farkon waɗanda zasu ba da siginar ƙararrawa. Hali yana da taka tsantsan, idan akwai haɗari Kosach na iya tashi sama da kilomita da yawa. Gudun jirgin ya isa 100 km / h.
Rayuwar tsuntsaye tana da banbance banbancen yanayi, musamman a lokacin sanyi. Black grouse a cikin hunturu da rana tana zama a bishiyoyi, sau da yawa akan birch, kuma da yamma sai ta fara ɓoyewa a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara, ruwa daga sama zuwa cikin dusar kankara mara nauyi da yin rami mai zurfi a ciki.
Yin motsi da ɗakin gida, tsuntsayen suna yin dusar ƙanƙara. Ana iya shirya shirye-shiryen mafaka a cikin dusar ƙanƙara a cikin matakai, ta hanyoyin da suke bi a hankali, ta hanyar tura ramin da fuka-fuki zuwa zurfin 50 cm.
A lokacin tsananin sanyi, kasancewa cikin matsuguni yana ƙaruwa sosai. Black grouse na iya fitowa daga ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara don ciyarwa na awanni 1-2. Idan babu wanda ya dame tsuntsayen, a hankali sukan fita daga ramuka, suyi nesa da mitoci da yawa sannan su tashi.
Dumamar yanayin lokacin hunturu, wanda ke haifar da samuwar kankara, da cikas ga ceto a cikin gidajen da ke yin dusar ƙanƙara, ya zama matsala ga tsuntsaye.
Kasancewa a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara ba ya rage taka tsantsan da takalmin gyaran fuska da cikakken ji. Yana jin tseren kurege, da linzamin bera, da motsi na lynx. Idan sautuna sun bayyana a kusa da jan yaudara mai jan ciki ko kuma dusar ƙanƙara daga skis na mafarauci, toshewar baki a gaba yana barin ramin da sauri.
A lokacin bazara, garken garken suna watsewa a hankali. Black grouse suna ƙoƙari tare da ɗumama zuwa raƙuman ruwa, sanya su cikin haskoki kusa da buɗe gefuna. Theyallen takalmin suna da isassun abokan gaba: dawakai da sabulu, dabbobin daji da shahidai, shaho da mujiya. Hanyoyi masu launin kafa huɗu da fuka-fukai suna da ɗanɗano ganima.
Tabbas mafi girman halakar tsuntsaye shine, mutum ya yarda dashi. Mafarauta, bayan sunyi nazarin yanayin hankali, amma, a lokaci guda, tsuntsu mai ruɗu, na iya karɓar ɗayan tsintsiya lokaci guda. Ayyuka na tattalin arziƙi: yawon buɗe ido, gina hanyoyi da layin wutar lantarki, ci gaba da ɓarna - yana matse baƙar fata daga wuraren da suka saba.
Black abinci mai gina jiki
Abincin ya dogara ne akan abincin kayan lambu. A lokacin dumi, daga bazara zuwa farkon kaka, buhunan willows, aspens, alder, ganye mai laushi da 'ya'yan itacen berry na tsuntsu, blueberry, blueberry, ƙyallen kwatangwalo, iri iri sun zama abinci.
Abincin dabbobi a yanayin kwari da ƙananan kwari shima ɓangare ne na abincin su, halayyar musamman ce cewa ana ciyar da kajin da ƙwaya. Don narkar da abinci na yau da kullun, tsuntsaye, kamar danginsu, suna tara kananan tsakuwa da tsaba masu wuya - gastroliths.
Black grouse a cikin kaka yayi ƙoƙari don filaye inda albarkatu suka rage. Har zuwa farkon dusar ƙanƙara, suna yawo cikin garken tumaki don neman sauran hatsi. A cikin hunturu, abincin yana dogara ne akan bishiyoyin Birch da catkins. Idan babu wadatattun su, tokayanan bakin ciki suna toyawa.
Mata na baƙar fata suna da laushi mai laushi
A cikin wani mummunan lokaci a cikin dazuzzuka black grouse abinci Pine needles da cones, 'ya'yan itace masu' ya'yan itace. Bayan sun cinye amfanin gona da abinci mai sanyi-kankara, tsuntsayen sukan koma gida don dumama abincin da duminsu.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
A lokacin bazara, lokacin saduwa yana farawa kuma babban lokacin saduwa a gefen gefunan daji, inda suka saba taruwa wuri ɗaya. Kiraye kirayen maza sanannu ne ga mafarauta. Yawancin lokaci mutane 10-15 suna taruwa akan halin yanzu, amma tare da raguwar yawan jama'a, halin yanzu na shugabannin 3-5 ya zama mai yawa.
Tsawancin halin yanzu yana kan matsakaici daga Afrilu zuwa tsakiyar Yuni. A ƙarshe an katse shi lokacin da tsuntsayen suka fara narkar da shi.
Kayan kwalliya - hoto mai ban sha'awa na yanayi, fiye da sau ɗaya aka bayyana a cikin wallafe-wallafe. Kyawawan tsuntsaye kan bangon yanayi mai kyawu tare da kyawawan waƙoƙin iridescent suna haifar da tasirin katon mai rai, wanda za'a iya ji a cikin yanayi mai haske na kilomita 3.
Gidaje suna shirya ta hanyar ma'aurata biyu a ƙasa ƙarƙashin tsari na rassa. Waɗannan ƙananan ramuka ne da ke da tarin ganyaye, ƙananan layu, ciyawa, gansakuka, da fuka-fukai. Mace tana daukar kwayaye 6-8 a kanta tsawon kwanaki 22-23. Maza ba sa shiga cikin kula da zuriya. Maza suna auren mata da yawa, sau da yawa akan sami mata da yawa ga kowane ɗa.
Gida tare da kama ƙwai yana da aminci ta hanyar grouse. Tana wayo da dabara, tana tashi daga cikin gida tana jan hankalin mai farautar zuwa cikin dajin, ita kuma da kanta ta koma ga kama. Ta dauki tarin kajin da ke kunno kai zuwa wani gidan lafiya.
Kyakkyawar uwa kyakkyawa ce, ba da son kai tana kiyaye kajin daga sanyi da hare-haren masu farauta. Mako guda baya, matasa suna ƙoƙari su tashi, kuma bayan wata ɗaya da rabi, rayuwa mai zaman kanta ta fara.
A lokacin kaka, lokaci na maimaita maimaitawa yana farawa, amma baya aiki kamar bazara. Akwai ma sanannun lokuta na lokacin sanyi a kan kankara a Mongolia, amma wannan lamari ne mai ban mamaki a yanayi. A cikin yanayi, matsakaici tsawon rai yana da shekaru 11-13.
Hoton hoto ne baƙar fata mai baƙar fata tare da ƙwai
Black farauta farauta
Black grouse farauta - na gargajiya, sananne ne na dogon lokaci, tare da manyan hanyoyi guda uku:
- tare da taimakon wata bukka;
- daga m;
- daga ƙofar.
An gina bukkokin ne daga shuke-shuken bishiyoyi da rassa wadanda basu da nisa da sanannen wuri na yanzu. Farauta tana buƙatar dogon zama a cikin bukka da kuma babban jimiri, don kar a tsoratar da tsuntsayen daga inda suka saba.
Black grouse daga kusanci kama lokacin da yake malala a ƙananan rukuni ko kuma kaɗai. Aikin mafarauta shine ya kusanto kamar yadda ya yiwu yayin lokacin wakarsa. Idan akwai tsuntsaye da yawa, to ƙoƙari guda mara nasara zai iya tsoratar da duk bakar asirin... Sabili da haka, ana yin kusanci don masu kadaici.
Makamantan farauta daga ƙofar ya haɗa da gabatowa ta doki ko jirgin ruwa zuwa bakin teku, zaɓaɓɓe na yanzu. Black grouse farauta a kaka galibi ana yi tare da karnuka, kuma a cikin hunturu - tare da cushe tsuntsaye. Cikakken kayan kwalliyar baki ya zama abin zamba ga dangin da suka ga memba na garkensu a rassan.
Yawancin masoya yanayi sun san game da baƙon baƙin fata, halayen halayensa, ƙoƙari ba kawai don farauta da girke-girke na yadda ake girke girke ba, har ma don kiyaye wannan kyakkyawar tsuntsu mai aiki da gandun daji na Rasha.
