An kawo muskrat daga Arewacin Amurka a cikin 30s na karni na 20. Ta hanzarta ƙwarewa kuma ta zama cikakkiyar wakiliyar fauna, tana da manyan yankuna.
Bayani da siffofin muskrat
Muskrat - Wannan wani nau'i ne na rodent, wanda girman sa ya kai santimita 40-60. Abin mamaki, kusan rabin tsayin jiki jela ne. Su nauyi jeri daga 700 zuwa 1800 grams. Ana rarrabe wakilan jinsin da furci mai kauri, yana iya kasancewa da tabarau da yawa:
- Kawa;
- Gashi mai duhu;
- Baƙi (ba safai ba);
Daga gefen ciki, Jawo yana da launin shuɗi-shuɗi. Wutsiya ba ta ƙunshi Jawo, faranti ne masu walwala. Wutsiya tana kwance. Jawo Muskrat masu mahimmanci. Farashin fatar muskrat tsada sosai.
Muskrat kyakkyawa ne mai kyau, yanayin wutsiya da kasancewar membobin ruwa a ƙafafun bayanta tsakanin yatsun kafa suna taimaka masa a wannan. Kafafun gaba basu da irin wannan. Saboda wannan, dorinar ruwa yana ciyar da babban ɓangaren rayuwarta a cikin yanayin ruwa. Zasu iya zama a ƙarƙashin ruwa na kimanin minti 17.
Wani fasali mai ban sha'awa shine tsarin leɓunan - incisors ya ratsa su. Wannan yana ba da izini muskrat dabba cinye ciyayi a ƙarƙashin ruwa ba tare da buɗe bakinka ba. Muskrat ta haɓaka ci gaba da ban mamaki, ya bambanta da masu karɓa kamar gani da wari. Lokacin da haɗari ya taso, da farko tana sauraren sautuna.
Wannan dabba tana da jarumtaka, mutum ma na iya cewa mugu ne. Idan muskrat ta ga maƙiyi a cikin mutum, za ta iya saurin zuwa gare shi. Dabbobin da aka kama sun fi zaman lafiya da rashin ƙarfi.
Dalilin kiɗan muskrat shine don samun fur. Naman su ba shi da wata daraja ta musamman, kodayake a wasu ƙasashe ana ɗaukar shi mashahuri sosai. Af, muskrat mai yana da kyawawan abubuwan warkewa.
Wurin Muskrat
Ga muskrat, tafki shine wurin zama na halitta. Tana ciyar da babban ɓangaren rayuwarta a ciki. Idan tafkin yana da tarin kasa da yawa da kuma ragowar tsire-tsire, dabbobi na gina buro da bukkoki a wurin, inda suke rayuwa a ciki kuma suna yin haihuwa na dogon lokaci. Wani mahimmin ma'auni shine cewa mazaunin basu daskarewa ba.
Burbushin katako suna da kusan 40-50 cm daga juna. Dabbobi suna zama a cikin iyalai, yawan mazauna kai tsaye ya dogara da tafki. Matsakaicin iyalai 1 zuwa 6 suna rayuwa akan kadada 100.
Muskrat na iya gina wa kansu nau'ikan gidaje da yawa; don mazauni na dindindin, waɗannan galibi bukkoki ne da sheƙuna. A lokacin sanyi, ana iya samun mafaka da aka yi da kankara da ciyayi. Girman ramin ya kai santimita 20, sannan gurbi da kansa (har zuwa santimita 40).
Koyaushe bushe ne a ciki, an rufe shi da ciyayi. Burrows galibi suna da ƙofofi da yawa kuma suna cikin asalin tsarin bishiyar bakin teku. Entranceofar rami yana sama da ruwa, wannan yana kiyaye shi daga masu haɗari masu haɗari.
An gina bukkoki a waɗancan wurare inda akwai dausayi da ciyawar ruwa. Suna kusan iri ɗaya a sifa da girmansu, suna kan layi sosai sama da matakin ruwa (har zuwa mita 1.5).
Ginin bukkoki yana farawa a lokacin kaka, kuma suna tsaye a duk lokacin hunturu. Sun bushe kuma suna da dumi, kuma ƙofar bukkar tana cikin ruwa. Idan babu yadda za a iya ganin komai da idanunka, hoto na muskrat kuma ana iya samun gidajensu ta hanyoyi daban-daban.
Rayuwar muskrat da ta girma a cikin gida ya kamata ta dace da salon rayuwarta kyauta. Wato, a cikin aviaries, ana buƙatar wuraren waha da ruwa. Ba tare da shi ba, dabbar ba za ta iya wanzuwa ba, yana buƙatar zubar da ƙwayar mucous na idanu, kula da tsabta har ma da abokin aure.
Rashin ruwa na iya haifar da mutuwar dabbar. Bugu da kari, dole ne a canza shi sau daya a kowane kwana 3, zai fi dacewa sau da yawa. Muskrats dabbobi ne masu motsi da motsi, don haka aviaries ɗinsu bazai zama ƙanana ba. Muskrats suna gina burbushinsu da cikakken kariya, saboda wannan nau'in beraye yana da makiya da yawa. Kusan duk wanda ya fi shi girma.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Muskrat, kamar sauran nau'o'in ƙwayoyi masu yawa, yana da ɗan ƙaramin rayuwa. A cikin bauta, zasu iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 10, amma rayuwarsu ta kyauta ba zata wuce shekaru 3 ba. Ana yin balagar su a watanni 7-12.
Mace tana ɗauke da offspringa offspringanta na wata ɗaya. Tana iya kawowa daga jarirai 6 zuwa 8 a lokaci guda. An haife su gaba daya tsirara da makaho, kuma kowannensu bai wuce gram 25 ba, lokacin shayarwa na tsawan kwana 35. Zuriya na iya faruwa har sau 3 a shekara. Jarirai sun zama masu cin gashin kansu bayan watanni 2 na rayuwa.
Beaver muskrat fara "kula" da mace tare da farkon bayyanar zafi, don haka ƙirƙirar halayyar halayya. Namiji yana da mahimmin matsayi wajen renon yara.
A lokacin faduwa, yawan haihuwa ya ragu, da wuya a ga mace mai ciki. Saboda wannan dalili farautar muskrat farawa daidai a cikin kaka. Ayyukan kiwo a cikin fursuna kuma yana faruwa a cikin bazara.
'Yan kwanaki kafin haihuwa, mace da namiji suna fara yin ƙwanƙwasawa da gida, don haka ya kamata su dace da tsirrai da rassa a cikin iska, da kuma wasu ƙasashe. A ranar 8-9th na rayuwar jarirai, namiji yana daukar dukkan nauyin raino. A cikin bauta, yana da kyau a ƙare lokacin shayarwa kwanaki 3-4 da suka gabata, sannan ba a cire wani zuriya ba. Ana cire kyuba daga iyayensu suna da shekara 1 da haihuwa.
Adadin muskrat yana tsaye. Ragewar sa na lokaci-lokaci ko ƙaruwa baya dogara da sa hannun mutum, ƙari akan dokar ɗabi'a. Samun fur yana dogara da masana'antar fur.
Abinci
Muskrat yafi ciyar da shuke-shuke, amma baya watsi da abincin asalin dabbobi. Abincin ya dogara ne da abubuwan da aka tsara:
- Cattail;
- Iska;
- Dawakai;
- Reed;
- Sgeji;
- Duckweed;
- Gwangwani;
Suna ƙoƙari su ba muskrats a cikin fursunoni abinci iri ɗaya, ƙara ɗan abinci na asalin dabbobi (kifin da sharar nama). Akwai kayayyaki da yawa da dabbar za ta ci, ana iya ba su hatsi, hatsin da aka riga aka fara dafa shi, abinci mai haɗuwa, sabo ne ganye, kowane irin tushen amfanin gona.
Haka kuma a gida, ana ba da beraye da yisti na giyar da nikakken ƙwai. A cikin daji, muskrats na iya ciyar da kwadi, molluscs, da kwari iri-iri. Irin wannan abincin da suke da shi yafi yawa ne daga rashin kallon kayan lambu. Kusan ba sa cin kifi.
Sarrafa fatar muskrat da darajarta
A lokacin bude farauta, mai aiki kamawa muskrat... Fatarsa tana da daraja da kima sosai. Fatar Muskrat da farko dai, ana aiwatar dasu da hankali. Sun bushe sosai da farko. Bayan fatar ta gama bushewa gaba daya, sai ta lalace. Sannan ana mulkesu, bushe kuma anyi ado dasu.
Ana amfani da manyan sassa don samfuran samfuran babban, mafi yawanci galibi ana amfani dasu don huluna. Hular da aka yi da miski tana da kyau a saka. Hakanan, kowane fashionista ba zai ƙi siyen kayan gashin muskrat ba, suna da dumi sosai, masu taushi kuma kyawawa. Duk aikin ana yin shi sosai a hankali ta amfani da fasahar ƙwararru.
Sayi muskrat samuwa a cikin shaguna na musamman. Samfurori da aka yi daga gashinta suna cikin buƙatar gaske. Ba a amfani da naman Muskrat sosai; ana ɗauke da adadin kuzari sosai, kodayake mutane da yawa suna amfani da shi.Farashin muskrat, kuma musamman akan fatarta, ya dogara da inganci da girman gashin. A dabi'ance, waɗancan launuka waɗanda basu da yawa sosai zasu fi tsada.
