Fasali da bayanin echidna
Echidna - halittar yanayi ta musamman. Gaskiya ne sosai! Asalin waɗannan dabbobin na musamman an yi nazarin su sosai kuma tambayoyi da yawa game da rayuwarsu suna da rikice-rikice kuma har yanzu ana ɗaukar su a buɗe.
- a bayyane, echidna tana kama da bushiya ko kuma agwagwa; shi ma yana da kusan dukkanin jikinsa da allurai;
- echidna yana yin kwai don ci gaba da irinsa, wanda yafi dacewa da tsuntsaye;
- tana daukar ‘ya’yanta a cikin jaka ta musamman, kamar yadda kangaro yake yi;
- amma yana ci kamar yadda dabbar daji ta yi.
- tare da wannan duka, ƙaramin echidna yana ciyar da madara kuma yana cikin rukunin dabbobi masu shayarwa.
Sabili da haka, galibi suna magana akan echidna a matsayin "dabbar tsuntsaye". Duba hoton echidna, kuma da yawa zasu bayyana a kallo daya. Menene wannan halitta ta musamman, wanene wannan echidna?
Echidna da platypus suna cikin tsari iri ɗaya, waɗanda aka san su da monotremes (monotremes). A yanayi, akwai nau'ikan echidna iri 2:
- spiny (Tasmaniyanci, Ostiraliya)
- ulu (New Guinea)
An rufe fuskar jiki da allurai, waɗanda tsawonsu ya kai kimanin santimita 6. Launin allurar ya bambanta daga fari zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, don haka launin dabba bai daidaita ba.
Baya ga allurai, echidna yana da launin ruwan kasa, yana da tsananin laushi da tauri. Musamman mai yawa da tsayi sosai a cikin yankin parotid. A cikin girma, echidna na ƙananan dabbobi ne, kimanin santimita 40.
A hoto, echidna mai ulu
Kan yana da girman girma kuma kusan nan da nan yake haɗuwa da jiki. Muzzle doguwa ne kuma sirara, kuma yana ƙarewa da ƙaramin bakin - bututu, wanda galibi ake kira baki. Echidna yana da dogon harshe mai tsini, amma a lokaci guda bashi da hakora kwata-kwata. Gabaɗaya, baki yana taimakawa dabba don fuskantar kanta a sararin samaniya, tunda hangen nesa yana da rauni ƙwarai.
Echidna yana motsawa akan kafafu hudu, suna da girma a girma, amma suna da karfi, muscular. Tana da yatsu biyar a kan kowane kafa, wanda ya ƙare da ƙafafu masu ƙarfi.
Babban, yawanci kusan santimita biyar, fara ce a ƙafafuwan ta na baya, wanda dabbar ke haɗa allurar ta da gashin ta, yana kawar da ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa. Echidna yana da ƙaramin wutsiya, wanda yake da wahalar gani, tunda an rufe shi sosai da ulu da spines, kuma yana haɗuwa da jikin mutum.
Wannan mu'ujiza ta musamman ta yanayi, kamar bushiya, tana iya lanƙwasa sama kuma ta zama ƙwallon ƙafa. Idan akwai wata hanyar hatsari ko barazana ga rayuwa a kusa, to echidna tana binne kanta a cikin sako-sako da rabin jikinta tare da bayyana alluranta a matsayin kariya ta yadda makiya ba za su iya kusantar ta ba.
Sau da yawa, dole ne ku guje wa haɗari, a nan ƙafafun kafa masu ƙarfi suna zuwa ceto, waɗanda ke ba da hanzarin motsi zuwa amintaccen sutura. Baya ga ƙwarewa wajen gudu, echidna yana da kyau a iyo.
Yanayi da salon rayuwar echidna
Echidna yana zaune a Ostiraliya, New Guinea da Tasmania. A karo na farko, George Shaw ya bayyana rayuwar echidna a cikin 1792, kuma daga wannan lokacin ne aka fara lura da wannan dabba. Koyaya, echidnas sirri ne kuma basa son tsangwama a rayuwarsu, wanda hakan ke matukar dagula bincike da bincike.
Ba a banza ba kalma "Mugu" yana nufin ɓarna. Say mai dabba echidna shirme da hankali, baya yarda kutse cikin rayuwarsa. Echidnas na Ostiraliya fi son zama dare.
Suna rayuwa galibi a cikin dazuzzuka ko yankunan da ke da ciyayi mai yawa, inda dabbar take jin ana kiyaye ta a ƙarƙashin ɓangaran ganye da tsire-tsire. Echidna na iya ɓoyewa a cikin kauri, saiwar itace, kogon dutse a cikin duwatsu, ƙananan kogwanni, ko kuma a cikin kaburburan da zomaye da mahaifa suke haƙa.
A cikin irin waɗannan matsugunan, dabbar tana amfani da lokutan da suka fi kowane zafi, tare da farkon yamma, lokacin da aka riga aka ji sanyi sosai, echidnas sun fara rayuwa mai aiki.
Koyaya, tare da farkon yanayin sanyi a cikin dabba, rayuwa kamar tana raguwa kuma na ɗan lokaci zasu iya shiga cikin nutsuwa, kodayake gaba ɗaya echidna baya cikin ajin dabbobi masu bacci a lokacin sanyi. Wannan halayyar ta echidna tana da alaƙa da rashi gland, don haka bai dace da yanayin zafi daban-daban ba.
Tare da gagarumin canji a cikin alamomin zafin jiki, dabba ta zama mai rauni da rashin aiki, wani lokacin gaba daya yana hana aiwatar da mahimmin aiki. Samun kitsen mai subcutaneous yana samarwa da jiki abinci mai mahimmanci na dogon lokaci, wani lokacin yakan iya daukar kimanin watanni 4.
A cikin hoton, echidna a cikin kariya
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Lokacin kiwo, lokacin da ake kira lokacin saduwa, ya faɗi ne kawai a lokacin hunturu na Australiya, wanda ya fara daga Mayu zuwa Satumba. A wasu lokuta, echidnas suna rayuwa su kadai, amma da farkon lokacin hunturu sukan taru a kananan kungiyoyi, wadanda galibi sun hada da mace daya da maza da yawa (galibi akan sami maza 6 a rukuni daya).
Kimanin wata guda, suna da abin da ake kira lokacin saduwa, lokacin da dabbobi ke ciyarwa kuma suke zaune tare a yanki ɗaya. Sannan mazan su wuce zuwa matakin neman mace. Yawancin lokaci ana bayyana wannan ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa dabbobi suna shakkar junan su tare da toshe hancinsu a cikin wutsiyar wakiltar mace kaɗai ta ƙungiyar su.
Lokacin da mace ta shirya saduwa, mazan sukan zagaye ta sai su fara wani al'adar bikin aure, wanda ya kunshi kewaya don tono rami kusan santimita 25 a kusa da mace.
Hoton echidna ne tare da ƙaramin ƙwai
Lokacin da komai ya shirya, yaƙe-yaƙe don taken wanda yafi cancanta ya fara, maza suna tura juna daga cikin ramin. Kadai wanda zai kayar da kowa kuma zai sadu da mace.
Kimanin makonni 3-4 bayan saduwa ta auku, mace a shirye take ta yi ƙwai. Bugu da ƙari, echidna koyaushe yana ƙwai ɗaya ne kawai. Jakar echidna tana bayyana ne kawai a wannan lokacin, sannan kuma ta sake ɓacewa.
Kwan kwan ya kai kamar girman fis kuma ya dace a cikin jakar uwa. Yaya daidai wannan aikin ke faruwa har yanzu masana kimiyya suna ta muhawara. Bayan kimanin kwanaki 8-12, an haifi ɗiyan, amma kwanaki 50 masu zuwa daga lokacin bayyanar, har yanzu zai kasance cikin jaka.
Hoton jaririn echidna ne
Uwar echidna sai ta nemi wuri amintacciya inda zata bar ɗiyanta kuma ta ziyarce shi sau ɗaya a mako don ciyarwa. Don haka, wasu watanni 5 suka wuce. Sannan lokaci yana zuwa idan echidna yara shirye don rayuwar mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta kuma baya buƙatar kulawa da uwa da kulawa.
Echidna ba zai iya haifuwa ba fiye da sau ɗaya a kowace shekara biyu ba, ko ma sau da yawa sau da yawa, amma yanayin rayuwar rai ya kai kimanin shekaru 13-17. Wannan ana ɗaukar sahihiyar ƙaƙƙarfa. Koyaya, akwai lokuta idan echidnas a gidan zoo ya rayu har zuwa shekaru 45.
Abincin Echidna
Abincin echidna ya hada da tururuwa, tururuwa, kananan tsutsotsi, da kuma wasu lokuta jarirai. Don samun abinci wa kanta, echidna ya haƙa wata tururuwa ko tudun dusar ƙanƙanci, ya ɓarke daga bawon bishiyoyin da kwari ke ɓoyewa, yana motsa ƙananan duwatsu waɗanda galibi za ku iya samun tsutsotsi, ko kuma kawai ku bi ta cikin dajin ganye, gansakuka da ƙananan rassa tare da hanci.
Da zaran an sami ganima, dogon harshe ya fara aiki, wanda kwari ko tsutsa ke manne wa. Don nika abin farauta, echidna ba shi da hakora, amma an tsara tsarin narkar da shi don ya kasance yana da haƙoran keratin na musamman waɗanda ke shafawa a kan murfin.
Wannan shine yadda ake cin abinci “tauna”. Bugu da kari, yashi, kananan tsakuwa da kasa sun shiga jikin echidna, wanda kuma ke taimakawa wajen nika abinci a cikin dabbar.
