Red kite - mai farauta da tashin hankali, amma mai ban sha'awa da kyakkyawa tsuntsu. Wannan nau'ikan yana dauke da karancin yanayi. Domin kara yawan kites a wasu kasashen, an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin kare su. A yankin ƙasar Rasha a cikin 2016, har ma da tsabar kuɗi mai darajar fuska 2 rubles an bayar da ita wanda aka nuna shi. Ana iya samun jan kitsen a cikin ƙasarmu da cikin Turai. A cikin sama, ana iya rarrabe su da halayyar su ta tsawaita kuka. Bari muyi magana dalla-dalla game da tsuntsu kamar kitsen ja.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Red kite
Red kite Shin babban tsuntsu ne na ganima wanda a zahiri zai iya “rataye” a cikin sama na dogon lokaci don neman abincin sa. Tsuntsaye suna tashi sama a wuri mai tsayi, don haka jinsin dangin shaho yana da matukar wahalar rarrabewa da ido mara kyau. Masu bincike ko masu kula da tsuntsaye ne kawai za su iya jimre wannan aikin.
An yi imanin cewa kalmar kite amsa kuwwa ne ga sunan tsuntsu, wanda marubucin Rasha kuma masanin ilimin ɗan adam Vladimir Ivanovich Dal ya ba shi a shekarar 1882. Har ma a wannan lokacin, ya sanya wa wannan tsuntsu suna. A farko, gashin fuka-fukai bashi da sunansa kuma ana kwatanta shi da masu cin maciji, tunda suna da kamanni iri iri. Bayan ɗan lokaci, kite ƙarshe ya sami suna.
Gabaɗaya, tsuntsun ya sami ƙarin farin jini sosai a ƙarni na 17, lokacin da yawancin jinsunan jan kite suka zauna a biranen Turai. Akwai shara da yawa a kan tituna a waccan lokacin, kasancewar gwamnati gaba dayanta ba ta kula da tsafta. Jar kitsen ya tsarkake tituna saboda lamiri, tunda gawar gawa gabaɗaya kyakkyawa ce a gare shi.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Red kite
Red kite - tsuntsu mai karamin girman mai matsakaiciyar fika-fikai. Tsawon jikinta zai iya zuwa santimita 70-72 ne kawai, kuma tsawon wasu santimita 190. Hakanan tsuntsun ba shi da nauyi sosai idan aka kwatanta shi da dangin shaho - kimanin kilogram 1.
Godiya ga kyakkyawar jikin ta, gashin tsuntsaye masu tsawo da wutsiya mai kama da yatsu, jan kite na iya yin abubuwan motsawa masu ban mamaki yayin tashi sama. Bangaren baya na tsuntsayen kawai yana taka rawar wani nau'in "tuƙi".
Jar kitsen yana da yawan launin ruwan hoda-launin ruwan kasa a jiki tare da dogayen masu launin toka a kirji. Fuka-fukan fuka-fuki farare ne, baƙi mai duhu da duhu. Kan da wuya suna da launi launin toka-launi. Tsuntsun yana da doguwar jela, wanda sau da yawa yakan lankwasa yayin tashi sama a wuri mai tsawo. Idanun jan kite suna da launi mai launin rawaya-orange. An zana ƙafafun launin rawaya mai haske, don haka ana iya ganin su ko da daga ƙasa da idanun ɗan adam.
Mace da namiji ba sa bambanta a kamanninsu. Wannan ana kiransa dimorphism na jima'i. Hakanan, a cikin kajin a shekarun farko na rayuwarsu, launin launukan ya fi dushi. Launin launin ruwan kasa mai rarrabewa ne a zahiri, amma ba kamar yadda ake furtawa kamar yadda yake a cikin manya na wannan nau'in ba.
A ina jan kite ke zama?
Hotuna: Red kite
Ana iya samun jan kayan a cikin shimfidar wurare da tuddai. Dangane da wannan, tsuntsayen sun fi son manyan ciyawar da ke gefen bishiyar ciyawa ko gandun daji. Yayin zabar mazaunin sa, wannan jinsin ya saba da barin yin ruwa sosai ko kuma, akasin haka, yankuna masu bushewa.
Babban ɓangare na yawan jan kaya yana zaune a Tsakiya, Kudancin Turai da kuma bakin tekun Afirka. A cikin Rasha, ana iya samun tsuntsu ba sau da yawa. Irin waɗannan mutane ana iya ganin su a wani wuri a cikin yankunan Kaliningrad ko Pskov. Game da Turai, kuna iya ganin jan jan a can, misali a cikin Scandinavia. A cikin Afirka, ana samun sa a kusa da mashigin Gibraltar, a tsibirin Canary ko Cape Verde.
Akwai duka kitsen ja masu ƙaura da na zama. Tsuntsayen da ke zaune a Rasha, Sweden, Poland, Jamus, Ukraine, Belarus ƙaura ne. A lokacin hunturu, suna matsawa kusa da wani yankin canjin yanayi, zuwa kudu, zuwa tekun Bahar Rum. Kites da ke zaune a kudu ko kudu maso yamma a lokacin hunturu sun kasance cikin gidajen su.
Me kitsen jan yake ci?
Hotuna: Red kite
Kodayake ana ɗaukan jan katun a matsayin babban tsuntsu, amma yanayin bai ba shi izina na musamman ba. Yana da siririn jiki, amma ba shi da yawan tsoka. Wannan gaskiyar ta sa ta zama mai rauni sosai idan aka kwatanta da sauran tsuntsayen dabbobi irin su ungulu ko baƙin ungulu.
Tsarin farauta shine kamar haka. Jan kitsen ya hau sama sosai kuma a zahiri yana “shawagi” a wani tsayi. Sannan yana duban farautar sa da kyau, idan aka lura da mutum, sai mai farautar ya faɗi ƙasa warwas ya yi ƙoƙari ya kama shi da ƙafafun faratan da suka mutu.
Jan kitsen ya fi son cin ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, misali, linzamin kwamfuta, hazo. Lokaci-lokaci, tsuntsayen ma suna son yin liyafa a kan ƙananan kajin, amphibians, da dabbobi masu rarrafe da ƙwarin duniya. Kamar yadda muka lura a baya, jan kitsen ya kasance yana ciyar da mushe, amma har yau da yawa daga cikin masu lura da tsuntsaye suna lura da tsuntsu a irin wannan abincin dare. Idan wannan nau'in ya lura da hoto cewa, misali, sauran tsuntsayen masu cin nama suna cin mushen tunkiya, to yawanci yakan jira sai ya tashi zuwa farautar lokacin da babu wasu rayayyun halittu a kusa da shi.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Red kite
Red kite wani lokacin cikin tsananin mu'amala da 'yan uwanta. Muna magana ne galibi game da waɗancan tsuntsayen da suka yi ƙaura zuwa ƙasashe masu ɗumi a lokacin lokacin sanyi. Kamar sauran tsuntsayen, suna buƙatar zama a sabon wuri kuma su gina sabon gida, amma ba kowa ke samun wuri don wannan sabon wurin zama ba. Saboda dalilai na sama, wani lokacin sai suyi fada da juna.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Sau da yawa ana ganin cewa jan kite yana yin ado da gidanta da wasu abubuwa masu haske, kamar su jakunkunan leda ko tarkace masu haske. Duk wannan tsuntsun yana yi ne domin yiwa yankin alama.
Jan kitsen, kamar sauran nau'ikan jinsin halittar kites na ainihi, su kansu tsuntsayen maƙaryaciya ne kuma marasa ma'ana. A cikin jirgin, yana da jinkiri sosai, amma duk da wannan, a cikin lokacin hutu, yana son kasancewa a nesa mai nisa daga matakin ƙasa na dogon lokaci. Yana da ban sha'awa a lura cewa tsuntsu na iya shawagi a cikin iska sama da mintina 15 ba tare da yatsan fikafikansa daya ba.
Wannan nau'in shaho yana da hankali na musamman. Suna iya rarrabe mai wucewa na-hanyar wucewa daga mafarauci, don haka a lokacin haɗari jan kite na iya samun sauƙin ɓoyewa daga yiwuwar haɗari.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Red kite
Sake fitowar jan kite, kamar tsuntsaye da yawa, yana farawa a lokacin bazara, a watan Maris ko Afrilu. An dauke su a matsayin masu auren mace daya, daya daga cikin dalilan gaskatawa shi ne gaskiyar cewa jan kite yana hade sosai da wurin zama, inda aka haife shi da kansa sau ɗaya. Tsuntsayen sukan zabi wuri guda tare da abokin zama a nan gaba.
Yawancin lokaci tsuntsaye suna yin wani nau'in al'ada wanda ke taimakawa wajen zaɓar ma'aurata. Jan kite ba banda. Namiji da mata suna tashi da sauri da sauri kuma a lokacin karshe ne kawai suke kashe hanya. Wasu lokuta suna iya juyawa na dogon lokaci, suna taɓa juna, daga gefe kuna iya tunanin cewa wannan faɗan ne.
Bayan wasannin wasa, iyayen da zasu kasance suna cikin shirya gida-gida, suna zabar masa manyan bishiyoyi, suna kaiwa mita 12-20. Kayan ya bushe ne, ciyawa ne, kuma yan kwanaki kafin a shimfida shi an rufe shi da ulu na tumaki a saman. Wasu lokuta sukan zabi buzzard da aka yashe ko gidan hankaka. Wani fasali mai ban sha'awa shine ana amfani da soket iri ɗaya kowane lokaci.
Cikakken ya ƙunshi daga ƙwai 1 zuwa 4, wanda launi nasa fari ne tare da tsarin jan specks. Yawancin lokaci ana haihuwar zuriya ɗaya kowace shekara. Yana ɗaukarwa na tsawon kwanaki 37-38. Kusan duk lokacin shiryawa, mace ba ta barin gida, kuma namiji yana samun abinci ita da kansa, kuma daga baya don na baya. Kuma lokacin da kajin sun riga sun kasance makonni 2, to uwar zata tashi don abinci. Abin mamaki ne cewa kajin ba sa jituwa da juna. Jarirai sun fara tashi sama cikin kwanaki 48-60, kuma gaba daya suna barin iyayensu makonni 2-3 bayan tashin farko. Kuma tuni cikin shekaru 2 na rayuwarsu zasu iya haifar da zuriyarsu da kansu.
Abokan gaba na jan kite
Hotuna: Red kite
Abin mamaki shine, irin wannan tsuntsu mai kwarjini da karfi yana da makiya na halitta wadanda suke haifar da da damuwar rashin nasarar ci gaban jama'a.
Tsuntsayen sun yi gudun hijirar ta wata baƙar fata, wanda ke nufin cewa kishiyarmu mai kishi wacce take neman abinci iri ɗaya kuma tana faruwa, tana hana ta rayuwa cikin nutsuwa. Kamar yadda muka riga muka sani, jar kitsen yana son yin gida a cikin wannan yankin, inda yake tashi sama da wannan kowace shekara.
Babban makiyinsu shine mutum. Kuma abin lura a nan ba wai kawai farautar wannan kyakkyawar tsuntsu ba, har ma da hargitsa zaman lafiya a yankin da tsuntsayen suka saba zama. Tsuntsaye da yawa suna mutuwa akan layukan watsa wutar lantarki. Hakanan cutarwa da yawa ana haifar da shi ta hanyar mahaɗan da ake amfani da su azaman kwari, acaricides, defoliants, irin waɗannan mahaɗan sun haɗa da mahaɗan organophosphorus. Abubuwan da ke dauke da sinadarin Chlorine, wadanda galibi aka yi amfani da su a matsayin magungunan kashe kwari kuma ana amfani da su azaman magungunan kwari, suma suna da illa sosai. Waɗannan su ne sunadarai masu amfani a cikin tattalin arziƙi waɗanda ke taimakon ɗan adam, amma a lokaci guda sun kasance guba da mutuwa ga dabbobi da yawa, gami da jan kite.
Hakanan, kamun tsuntsaye sun lalace ta hanyar kudaye, martens da weasels, wanda kuma yana hana kiyayewa da ƙaruwar yawan jama'a.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Red kite
Idan muna magana ne game da yawan jan kits, to, abin takaici, lambarta ta ragu sosai. Yanzu lambobi daga 19 zuwa 37 dubu biyu. Tabbas, babban aikin wannan cutar shagaltar da ayyukan mutumin da yake can tare da bindiga yana jiran kyakkyawan tsuntsu mai ban mamaki. Tabbas, menene abin mamakin, saboda mafi ƙarfi, mara isa ga kuma mafi kyawun tsuntsu shine, ƙwarin sha'awar kama shi, kashe shi, ko mafi munin - don yin toshiyar dabba a matsayin abincin giya, kamar yadda mafarauta masu son yi, ke tsiro. Amma baya karewa da bindiga.
Yawan mutane yana ƙaruwa kowace shekara, kuma tare da su wuraren zama na jan kite suna raguwa. Saboda fadada aikin noma, yana da wahala wadannan tsuntsayen suyi gida, saboda sun saba da wuri daya. Koyaya, ba duk abin bakin ciki bane, a tsakiya da arewa maso yammacin Turai, abubuwa suna ta tafiya kuma a cikin fewan shekarun da suka gabata, jama'a sun ɗan murmure. Amma, tabbas, wannan bai isa ba, ba za su iya rayuwa ba tare da kariya da taimakon mutum ba. Kuma tsuntsu, bayan duk, yana da mahimmin mahaɗi a cikin sarkar abinci. Kuna buƙatar ƙoƙari sosai kada ku keta dokokin ƙa'idodin yanayi, duk rayayyun halittu suna da haɗi, wasu da yawa na iya wahala daga ɓacewar jinsin ɗaya.
Red Kite Tsaro
Hotuna: Red kite
Idan muna magana ne game da kariya daga jan kite, to da farko ya kamata a sani cewa ba ko'ina mutane ke fuskantar ƙazamar raguwar lambobi ba. A wasu wurare, ba ta ƙi ba, amma har yanzu tana buƙatar kariya mai aminci da taimakon ɗan adam.
Kamar yadda muka fada a sama, ana maye gurbin nau'ikan da baƙin kite, wanda shine ɗayan manyan dalilai masu mahimmanci. Jar kitsen yana da matsayi a cikin Littafin Ja, wanda ya bayyana cewa tsuntsun na cikin haɗari. An kira shi nau'in da ba a saba da shi ba, wanda ake ba da irin wannan taimako, kamar kammala yarjejeniyoyi tsakanin wasu ƙasashe kan kare tsuntsayen masu ƙaura, ƙuntatawa a cikin ayyukan noma, ƙuntata yankin yanke bishiyoyi.
Tabbas jan kite, yana kunshe a cikin littafin Red Book na Tarayyar Rasha, haka kuma an kammala yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa kan kare wadannan tsuntsayen tsakanin Rasha da Indiya. Tsuntsayen suna cikin jerin tsuntsayen da ba a cika samun su ba a yankin Baltic, Rataye 2 na taron Bonn, Rataye 2 na taron Berne, Rataye 2 na CITES. Hakanan, gabaɗaya, duk wani aikin ɗan adam mai cutarwa yayin nest of red kite an dakatar dashi. Wadannan da wasu matakan na taimaka wa jama'a ba wai kawai su rayu ba, har ma da kara yawansu, saboda kawai wannan ne zai iya tseratar da jinsin daga halaka.
Red kite Tsuntsu ne mai ban mamaki da babu kamarsa. Halinta na zahiri yana ba da mamaki ga duk masu binciken fauna. Tsuntsayen suna da juriya mai ban mamaki da kuma iyawar farauta, amma duk da wannan, lambarta a cikin yanayin har yanzu tana raguwa. Ya kamata mu kula sosai da kuma lura da yawan wannan nau'in, a kalla a kasarmu. Kar ka manta cewa komai a cikin yanayi yana haɗuwa.
Ranar bugawa: 04/06/2020
Ranar da aka sabunta: 06.04.2020 a 23:27
