Zinariyar zinariya, wani lokacin ana kiransa da farin jini na ƙasar Sin, ɗayan ɗayan kyawawan tsuntsaye ne a duniya. Sanannen sanannen ne ga manoma kaji don kyalkyali mai haske. Ana samun wannan farin cikin ta halitta a cikin dazuzzuka da muhalli a yammacin China. Masu zinaren zinare tsuntsayen ƙasa ne. Suna cin abinci a ƙasa, amma suna iya tashi zuwa gajeru.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Zaman Zinari
Pheasant na zinare tsuntsu ne mai kauri wanda yake na kajin kuma ƙananan nau'ikan jin daɗi ne. Sunan Latin don mai zinare shine Chrysolophus hoto. Yana daya daga cikin nau'ikan 175 ko rabe-raben pheasants. Sunan da ya saba da shi shi ne mai daɗin China, mai zinare ko mai fasaha, kuma a cikin fursuna ana kiransa jan zinare.
Asali, an sanya gwal na zinare a matsayin na jinsin halittu, wanda ya sami suna daga Phasis, Kogin Colchis, Georgia na yanzu, inda shahararrun mashahuran mutane ke rayuwa. Kwayar halittar da ke hade da larurar ta yanzu (Chrysolophus) ta samo asali ne daga kalmomin Girkanci guda biyu da suka gabata "khrusos" - zinariya da "lophos" - tsefe, don bayyana daidai daga cikin keɓaɓɓun halayen wannan tsuntsu da nau'in daga kalmar Latin "hoto" - fentin.
Bidiyo: Zumunci Mai Zinare
A cikin daji, kashi biyu bisa uku na zinare ba za su rayu makonni 6 zuwa 10 ba. Kashi 2-3% ne kawai zasu sanya shi zuwa shekaru uku. A cikin daji, rayuwar su na iya zama shekaru 5 ko 6. Sun fi tsawon rayuwa a cikin bauta, kuma tare da kula mai kyau, shekaru 15 gama gari ne, kuma shekaru 20 ba a taɓa ji ba. A cikin asalin ƙasar ta China, an riƙe ma'anar zinare a cikin fursuna tun aƙalla shekarun 1700s. Farkon ambaton su a cikin fursunoni a Amurka shine a cikin 1740, kuma a cewar wasu rahotanni, George Washington yana da samfuran zinare da yawa a Dutsen Vernon. A cikin shekarun 1990s, masu kiwo na Belgium sun ɗaga tsarkakakkun layuka 3 na zinare. Daya daga cikinsu shine mai zinare mai launin rawaya.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Labari ya nuna cewa yayin nema na Golden Fleece, Argonauts ya kawo wasu daga waɗannan tsuntsayen zinaren zuwa Turai kusan 1000 BC.
Masana ilmin da ke kula da namun dajin sun lura cewa masu zinare na zinare suna da saurin canza launi idan suka kasance masu fuskantar rana na tsawon lokaci. Dazuzzukan inuwar da suke zaune suna kare launuka masu gudana.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Yaya ƙawancen zinare yake
Thearfin zinare ya fi na mai ƙanƙan da hankali, kodayake jelarsa ta fi tsayi da yawa. Maza da mata pheasants na zinariya suna da banbanci. Maza suna da tsawon santimita 90-105 kuma wutsiyar tana da kashi biyu bisa uku na duka tsawon. Mata sun fi ƙanƙan kaɗan, tsawon santimita 60-80, kuma wutsiyar rabin tsayin duka ne. Fukafukan su kusan santimita 70 kuma nauyin su yakai gram 630.
Masu zinaren zinare sune ɗayan shahararrun nau'ikan dukkanin pheasants ɗin da aka kama saboda kyawawan ɗumbin su da yanayin taurin kansu. Maza masu zinare na yara ana iya gane su cikin sauƙin launuka masu haske. Suna da tsefe na zinare tare da jan ja wanda ya faɗi daga kai zuwa wuya. Suna da haske a karkashin kasa, fukafukai masu duhu, da doguwar launin ruwan kasa mai tsayi, wutsiya mai kaifi. Butarin bayansu kuma zinare ne, na bayansu koren ne, idanunsu kuma rawaya mai haske tare da ƙaramin ɗalibin baƙi. Fuskokinsu, makogwaronsu da cincinsu suna da launi ja kuma fatansu rawaya ne. Bakin baka da kafafu suma rawaya ne.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Maza masu zinare na jan hankali suna jan hankalin duka tare da hasken zinare mai haske da jajayen kirji da nono mai haske.
Mata na pheasants na zinare ba su da launi kuma sun fi na maza. Suna da launuka masu launin ruwan kasa, fuska mai ruwan kasa, maƙogwaro, kirji da gefuna, ƙafafun rawaya ja, kuma siriri ne a cikin bayyanar. Mata na zinare suna da launin ruwan kasa masu launin ja gaba ɗaya tare da ratsi mai duhu, yana mai da su kusan ganuwa lokacin da suke ƙyanƙyashe ƙwai. Launin ciki na iya bambanta daga tsuntsu zuwa tsuntsu. Yaran yara sun yi kama da ta mace, amma suna da wutsiyar da aka hango wacce ke da jajayen launuka da yawa.
Don haka, manyan sifofin bayyanar farin zinare kamar haka:
- "Cape" yana da launin ruwan kasa tare da gefuna masu duhu, wanda ya ba wa tsuntsu fasalin fasali;
- na baya baya kore;
- fikafikan suna da launin ruwan kasa masu duhu kuma suna da tsananin shuɗi, bakon kuwa na zinariya ne;
- an fentin wutsiya a cikin ruwan kasa mai duhu;
- idanu da kuwaye fararen rawaya ne.
Ina masoyin zinare yake rayuwa?
Hotuna: Goldenan zinariya a Rasha
Gwanin zinare tsuntsu ne mai launi mai haske daga tsakiyar China. Ana samun wasu mutanen daji a cikin Burtaniya. Wannan nau'ikan jinsin ya zama ruwan dare gama gari, amma samfuran marasa tsabta ne, sakamakon haɗuwa da farin jinin Lady Amherst. Da yawa maye gurbi na zinare yana rayuwa cikin bauta, tare da alamu da launuka daban-daban. Nau'in daji an san shi da "jan zinariya mai daɗi". 'Yan Adam sun gabatar da jinsin zuwa Ingila da Scotland. An kawo fatattun zinare na farko zuwa Turai daga China a ƙarshen karni na 19.
Abokin zinaren daji na rayuwa a cikin tsaunukan tsakiyar China kuma galibi ana samun sa a cikin dazuzzuka masu yawa. Wannan tsuntsu mai jin kunya yawanci yakan ɓuya a cikin gandun daji da yawa. Wannan halayyar na iya zama nau'in kariya ta halitta don hasken jikinsu. A zahiri, waɗannan launuka masu fahariya na iya zama mai paler idan tsuntsayen suna fuskantar rana na tsawon awanni a rana.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Wuraren da aka fi so don gwal na gandun daji sune dazuzzuka dazuzzuka da dazuzzuka marasa kan gado.
Bugun daji suna zaune a cikin ciyawar bamboo a ƙasan tsaunuka. Masu zinare na zinariya suna guje wa fadama da wuraren buɗewa. Suna da matukar wahalar samu a cikin daɗaɗɗun gandun daji masu haɗuwa, inda suke saurin gudu daga haɗarin da aka gano. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna rayuwa ne kusa da ƙasar noma, suna bayyana a gonakin shayi da filayen da ke kan tudu. Masu zinaren zinariya suna rayuwa dabam dabam yawancin shekara. Da farkon bazara, halayensu yana canzawa, kuma suna fara neman abokan tarayya.
Mai gwal din yana rayuwa a tsawan da bai wuce mita 1500 ba, kuma a lokacin hunturu yana son sauka a gefen kwari a cikin dazuzzuka na bishiyoyi masu fadi-tashi don neman abinci da shawo kan mummunan yanayin yanayi, amma yana komawa yankunanta na asali da zaran kyakkyawan lokacin ya zo. Baya ga wannan ƙaramin ƙaura mai tsayi, ana ɗaukan zinare nau'ikan nau'ikan zaman ƙasa. A halin yanzu, ana rarraba alatun zinare a cikin Burtaniya da sauran sassan Turai, Amurka da Kanada, sassan Kudancin Amurka, Ostiraliya da sauran ƙasashe.
Yanzu kun san inda aka sami zinaren zinare. Bari muga abin da wannan tsuntsun ya ci.
Menene ƙawancin zinariya yake ci?
Hoto: Tsuntsaye mai zinare
Masu zinaren zinariya suna da komai, wanda ke nufin suna cin shuke-shuke da dabbobi. Koyaya, abincin su mara cin ganyayyaki galibi kwari ne. Suna cin abinci a cikin gandun daji suna neman 'ya'yan itace, ganye, iri, hatsi,' ya'yan itatuwa da kwari. Wadannan tsuntsayen ba sa yin farauta a cikin bishiyoyi, amma suna iya tashi sama da rassan don kauce wa masu cin nama ko yin bacci da dare.
Masu pheasants na zinare suna ciyarwa galibi akan hatsi, invertebrates, berries, larvae da tsaba, da sauran nau'ikan tsire-tsire kamar ganye da harbe-harben shuke-shuke daban daban, bamboo da rhododendron. Sau da yawa suna cin ƙananan ƙwaro da gizo-gizo. Da rana, gwal ɗin zinare suna neman abinci a ƙasa, suna tafiya a hankali da pecking. Yawanci yakan ci da sanyin safiya da maraice, amma yana iya motsawa tsawon yini. Wannan nau'in yana iya yin iyakantaccen motsi na lokaci don neman abinci.
A Biritaniya, gwal din da ke cin kwari da gizo-gizo, wanda wataƙila sun zama babban ɓangare na abincinsa, tun da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire da suke rayuwa a cikinsu ba su da girma. Hakanan an yi imanin cewa yana cinye tururuwa da yawa yayin da yake yin tuntuɓar dabbar da ta faɗi. Hakanan yana cin hatsin da masu tsaro suka ba faransanin.
Don haka, tunda masu zinaren zinariya suna motsawa a hankali yayin ɗorawa a gandun daji don neman abinci, abincinsu ya ƙunshi tsaba, 'ya'yan itace, hatsi da sauran ciyayi, gami da harbi na rhododendron da bamboo, da larvae, gizo-gizo da kwari.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Goldenan farin ciki a yanayi
Masu zinaren zinare tsuntsaye ne masu matukar kunya waɗanda ke ɓoyewa da rana a cikin dazuzzuka dazuzzuka da dazuzzuka kuma suna kwana cikin dogayen bishiyoyi. Masu zinaren zinare galibi suna neman abinci a ƙasa duk da ikon su na tashi, mai yiwuwa saboda ba su da kyau a cikin tashi. Koyaya, idan aka buge su, zasu iya tashi sama farat ɗaya, cikin sauri zuwa sama tare da halayyar sauti na fikafikan.
Ba a san kaɗan game da halayyar zinare a cikin daji. Duk da kalar maza mai haske, wadannan tsuntsayen suna da wahalar samu a cikin dazuzzukan gandun daji masu daddare da suke rayuwa a ciki. Mafi kyawun lokaci don kiyaye ƙawan zinare yana da sanyin safiyar yau, lokacin da za'a iya ganin sa a cikin makiyaya.
Sautin sautin pheasants na zinariya ya haɗa da sautin "chak-chak" Maza suna da kira na musamman na ƙarfe yayin lokacin kiwo. Kari akan haka, yayin nuna yadda ake soyayya, namiji yana yada fuka-fukai a wuyansa bisa kansa da baki, kuma ana sanya su kamar kabido.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Pwararrun zinare suna da nau'ikan sautin murya kamar talla, tuntuɓi, firgita, waɗanda ake amfani dasu a cikin yanayi daban-daban.
Maganin zinare ba shi da musgunawa musamman ga nau'ikan jinsin da ba na gasa ba kuma yana da sauƙin sauƙi tare da haƙuri. Wani lokaci namiji na iya zama mai zafin rai ga mace har ma ya kashe ta. Abin farin ciki, wannan yana faruwa da ƙyar.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Mai zinare a cikin jirgin
Kiwo da kwanciya galibi suna faruwa a cikin Afrilu. A lokacin kiwo, namiji yana nunawa da haɓaka kyan zakinsa ta hanyar yin kwalliya da daidaitawa da yin motsi daban-daban a gaban mace. A yayin wadannan wasannin kwaikwayon, ya kan yada gashinsa a wuyansa kamar kabido.
Mace tana ziyartar yankin namiji saboda amsa kiransa. Namiji mai zafin zinariya yana yawo kuma yana kunna gashin tsuntsu don jan hankalin mace. Idan mace bata burge ba har ta fara tafiya, sai namijin ya zagaye ta yana kokarin hana ta fita. Da zaran ta tsaya, sai ya shiga cikin yanayin nunawa, yana taɓo gashin kansa da nuna kyawawan jelarsa ta zinariya har sai ya tabbatar mata da cewa shi fa kyakkyawar fare ce.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Hewararrun zinare na iya rayuwa cikin nau'i-nau'i ko abubuwa uku. A cikin daji, namiji na iya saduwa da mata da yawa. Masu kiwo suna iya samar musu da mata 10 ko fiye, ya danganta da wuri da yanayi.
An saka ƙwai masu zinare na zinariya a watan Afrilu. Tsuntsayen suna yin sheƙarsu a ƙasa a cikin dazuzzuka ko kuma a cikin ciyawa mai tsayi. Rashin hankali ne mara nauyi wanda aka lulluɓe da kayan shuka. Mace tana yin ƙwai 5-12 kuma tana haɗa su na tsawon kwanaki 22-23.
Yayin kyankyasar kajin, an rufe kajin da launi mai launin ruwan kasa daga sama zuwa kasa tare da ratsi mai launin rawaya, fari mai haske a ƙasa. Masu zinaren zinare tsuntsaye ne na farko kuma suna iya motsawa kuma su ciyar da wuri. Galibi suna bin manya zuwa tushen abinci sannan kuma suyi kan kansu. Mata sun fi maza saurin girma kuma suna shirye su sadu da shekara ɗaya. Maza na iya zama da haihuwa a shekara guda, amma za su kai girma zuwa shekaru biyu.
Uwa tana kula da yaran har tsawon wata guda har zuwa samun cikakken 'yanci, koda kuwa zasu iya ciyar da kan su tun daga ranar farko ta rayuwa. Koyaya, yara sun kasance tare da mahaifiyarsu a cikin rukunin dangi har tsawon watanni. Abin ban mamaki shine gaskiyar cewa zasu iya cirewa bayan sati biyu bayan haihuwa, wanda yasa suka zama kamar quan kwarto.
Abokan gaba na zinariya pheasants
Hotuna: Yaya ƙawancen zinare yake
A Burtaniya, gizagizai, owls, sparrowhawks, jan fox da sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa suna fuskantar barazanar pheasants. Wani bincike da aka gudanar a Burtaniya da Ostiriya sun gano gurbi daga masu bautar, dawakai, badger da sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa. A Sweden, goshaws ma an sami ganima akan zinare masu zinare.
Masu farautar rajista a Arewacin Amurka sun haɗa da:
- karnukan gida;
- fararen fata
- mink;
- weasels;
- taguwar ruwa;
- raccoons;
- manyan kaho;
- shaho mai launin ja;
- shaho mai hade da kafada;
- Perungiyoyin Cooper;
- falgons na peregrine;
- matsalolin arewa;
- kunkuru.
Pwararrun zinare suna da saukin kamuwa da cututtukan nematode da yawa. Sauran cututtukan kuma sun hada da kaska, fleas, kwandunan ciki, da kwarkwata. Pwararrun zinare suna da saukin kamuwa da cutar cutar kwayar cutar Newcastle. A tsakanin shekarun 1994 zuwa 2005, an sami bullar wannan cuta a cikin zinare a kasashen Denmark, Finland, Faransa, Burtaniya, Ireland, Italia. Hakanan tsuntsaye suna da saukin kamuwa da cututtukan numfashi da kwayar cutar ke haifarwa, wadanda aka gano suna da babban kwayar halitta mai kama da kaza da turkey coronaviruses.
Mutane suna son ƙarancin zinare da farko saboda suna da kyau. Saboda wannan, sun ji daɗin kasancewa da su a matsayin dabbobin gida na ƙarnuka, suna ba su wasu kariya. Mutane suna farautar su har zuwa wani lokaci, amma yawan su yana da karko. Babban barazanar da wannan tsuntsayen ke yi ita ce lalata muhalli da kamawa don cinikin dabbobi. Kodayake zinaren zinare ba shi da hatsarin bacewa kai tsaye, amma yawan jama'arta na raguwa, galibi sanadiyyar rasa muhalli da kuma yawan farauta.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Zaman Zinari
Kodayake sauran nau'o'in jin daɗi suna cikin koma baya a cikin Sin, zinaren zinare ya kasance gama gari a can. A Biritaniya, yawan namun daji yana da karko sosai a tsuntsayen 1000-2000. Yana da wuya ya zama mai yaɗuwa, saboda an sami mazaunin da ya dace kawai a wasu yankuna, kuma tsuntsun yana zaune.
Masu zinaren zinare da aka samo a cikin gidan namun daji sukan kasance offspringa offspringan 'ya'yan fatar Lady Amherst da na zinare na daji. A cikin fursuna, maye gurbi ya samo asali zuwa launuka daban daban, gami da azurfa, mahogany, peach, kifin kifi, kirfa, da rawaya. Launin fulawar daji na zinare a masana'antar kiwon kaji ana kiranta "ja-zinariya".
Ba a barazanar da mai gwal a halin yanzu, amma sare bishiyoyi, cinikin tsuntsaye kai tsaye da farautar cin abinci suna raguwa kaɗan, kodayake yawan jama'a a halin yanzu yana da kwanciyar hankali. Wannan jinsin yakan haɗu a cikin fursuna tare da mai farin ciki na Lady Amherst. Bugu da kari, sauye-sauye da dama wadanda suka hada da nau'ikan tsarkakakkun dabbobi an bunkasa su tsawon shekaru.
A halin yanzu ana yin la'akari da nau'ikan a matsayin "mafi karancin hadari". Kodayake yawan jama'a yana kan tafiya ƙasa, raguwar bai isa ya matsar da shi zuwa cikin Van Ruwa mai yuwuwa ba kamar yadda keɓaɓɓun Yankin Tsuntsaye da Tsarin Rayuwa da Dabbobi. Maganin zinare yana da babban kewayo amma yana cikin matsin lamba daga sare dazuzzuka.
A cikin gidan zoo da gonaki, masu zinare na zinare suna rayuwa a cikin manyan shinge, galibi a cikin katanga. Suna buƙatar ciyayi da yawa don ɓoyewa da wadataccen ɗaki don neman abinci. A cikin gidan namun daji, wadannan tsuntsayen suna rayuwa ne a avi tare da wasu nau'ikan halittu daga yankuna masu kama da wannan. Ana ciyar dasu da fruitsa ,an itace, seedsa insean tsuntsaye masu ƙwari.
Zinariyar zinariya - tsuntsaye masu ban sha'awa masu ban sha'awa da launuka masu kyau. Fuka-fukan su na zinare ne, lemu, rawaya, kore, shuɗi da ja. Mata, duk da haka, ba su da launi na zinare, ba kamar maza ba. Kamar tsuntsaye da yawa, mai farin ciki na zinariya yana da launi mai haske yayin da mace ba ta da launi. Ana samun wannan tsuntsu, wanda aka fi sani da mashawarcin Sinawa, a dazukan da ke yammacin China, sassan Yammacin Turai, Arewacin Amurka, Kudancin Amurka, Tsibirin Falkland, Australia da New Zealand.
Ranar bugawa: 12.01.
Ranar sabuntawa: 09/15/2019 da karfe 0:05
