Ma'aikacin bututu

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Ma'aikacin bututu Shin siriri ne, tsaguwa mai tsintsiya, tsawonta zai iya kaiwa cm 20. Adadin sassan jiki na iya kaiwa daga 34 zuwa 120 kuma yana da kowane ɓangare na sama da ƙananan ƙyallen ƙyallen ƙura (ƙyalli), waɗanda ake amfani da su don binnewa. Tsutsa na iya zama ja saboda kasancewar ƙwayar haemoglobin. Wannan nau'in shine hermaphrodite tare da hadadden tsarin haihuwa.

Asalin jinsin da bayanin

Hotuna: Pipeman

Tubifex, ana kuma kiran sa da laka ko tsutsan tsutsa, wani nau'in tsutsotsi ne mai kama da tsutsar ciki wanda ke rayuwa a cikin tafki da ƙoshin ruwa a nahiyoyi da yawa. Tubifex mai yiwuwa ya hada da nau'ikan da yawa, amma yana da wahala a bambance tsakanin su saboda gabobin haihuwa, galibi ana amfani dasu don gano jinsin, sun sake dawowa bayan saduwa, kuma kuma saboda halayen waje na tsutsar ciki sun canza da gishirin.

Gaskiya mai Nishaɗi: Sau da yawa ana kiran su da tsutsotsi na tsaka, tubuleworms sune annelids na ruwa wanda yake na dangin Naidid. Kodayake a kimiyance an bayyana su da suna Tubifex Tubifex, amma sanannen suna ya samo asali ne daga kasancewar su a cikin gurbatattun ruwa.

Bidiyo: Pipeman

Waɗannan tsutsotsi suna da ɗan sauƙin noma, amma yakan ɗauki wata ɗaya ko fiye don amfanin gona ya kai matakin girbi. Limnodrilus udekemianus shine nau'in da aka fi amfani dashi a cikin nishaɗin akwatin kifaye. Jigon na iya haifar da rashin lafiyan a cikin wasu mutane. Saboda haka, ya kamata a wanke hannaye bayan miƙa wannan abincin.

Akwai tubules iri biyu waɗanda ake girma da sayarwa azaman abincin kifi:

  • jan tubule (Tubifex tubifex), wanda aka yi amfani da shi don wannan dalilin kusan shekara 100. Saboda tubulers suna cin abinci akan ƙwayoyin cuta na anaerobic, suna iya haifar da ɓarkewar hanji a cikin kifi (guban abinci, galibi) da septicemia (wanda ke nufin guba ta jini);
  • black tubifex, wanda shine nau'insa iri daya amma yayi duhu a launi. Black tubifex ya fi wuya, ya fi ƙarfin bushewa kuma ba zai iya haifar da cuta cikin kifi ba.

Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali

Hoto: Yaya mai yin bututu yake

Tubules an kasu kashi biyu, masu daidaituwa iri-iri, tsutsotsi masu sihiri tare da ƙarshen taper. Yawanci, kowane sashin jiki yana da tufts huɗu na setae (ƙwayoyin cuta masu fitowa daga jiki). Bristles ya bambanta da yawa a cikin girma da sifa, haka kuma tsakanin iyalai, saboda haka ana amfani dasu sosai wajen ganowa.

Cikakken ganowa, da kuma aikin cikin jiki, na iya buƙatar ƙaramin bincike, kuma ya kamata a mai da hankali ga ɓangarorin haihuwa masu rikitarwa. Adadin gonads, matsayin gonad guda dangane da ɗayan, da sassan jikin da suke faruwa ana amfani dasu don ayyana iyalai. A cikin tubulers, ana amfani da siffar bututun namiji don tantance yanayin.

Abubuwan fasalin tubule kamar haka:

  • dogo, sirara, jan tsutsar ciki;
  • babu ra'ayi;
  • gwaje-gwaje a cikin sashin jiki X da pores maza a cikin sashi na XI;
  • ovaries a cikin sashin jiki XI da spermatheca (bugun jini na bangon jiki don samun maniyyi yayin hadawa) a sashi na X;
  • dorsal setae gashi da pectinate setae sun samo asali ne daga sashin jiki na II;
  • setae mai gashi (sirara da tapering) da pectinate setae (an kammala su biyu tare da jerin kananan hakora matsakaici tsakanin maki biyu) a cikin dorsal tufts na setae;
  • sassan biyu (ƙare biyu) sun kasance a cikin tufts na ƙwanƙolin ƙafa;
  • gashi na iya zama jagged;
  • babu saitin al'aura akan samfuran da suka balaga;
  • kafafun azzakarin gajere ne, tubular, siririya kuma ajere.

Ina mai yin bututun yake?

Hoto: Mai aikin bututu a cikin ruwa

Tubifex yana da alaƙar kut-da-kut da duniyan, amma an fi samunsa a cikin ruwa ko aƙalla matsugunai masu laima. Saboda mazaunin da yake ciki, tubifex yana dauke da cututtukan cututtuka da yawa. Ma'aikacin bututun yana rayuwa ne ta hanyar halitta a cikin ruwan famfo, musamman a cikin lambatu da magudanan ruwa tare da babban abun cikin kwayoyin.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Tubes suna rayuwa a cikin mazaunin ruwa iri-iri, gami da tsarin lambatu. Yawancin lokaci ana haɗuwa da su da ruwan sanyi wanda ke ɗauke da sikari da ruɓewar ƙwayoyin halitta. Dayawa zasu iya jure karancin iska mai narkewa da kuma yawan gurbatattun abubuwa.

Don haka, suna iya zama alamar rashin ingancin ruwa. Lokacin da masana ilimin kimiyyar halittu masu gudana suka same su a cikin tarin su, suna da alamar cewa wani abu na iya zama mara daidaituwa a cikin tsarin yawo. Lokacin da tubifexes suke da yawa, suna iya rufe manyan wuraren laka, suna ba da laushi mai laushi zuwa laka. Wani lokacin sukan manne wa tsire-tsire da wasu abubuwa. Lokacin da iskar oxygen tayi kasa musamman, zasu iya zuwa saman.

Tubifex yana rayuwa cikin laka mai hadewa a cikin mazauna daban-daban kuma yana jure karancin iskar oxygen. Abu ne sananne musamman a cikin gurɓatattun lalatattun wurare da mahalli marasa iyaka waɗanda ba wasu jinsuna da yawa suka mamaye su ba, alal misali, a cikin ɗakunan da ke sama, inda matsakaicin gishirin bai kai 5% ba.

Yanzu kun san inda aka samo mai yin bututun. Bari mu ga abin da wannan tsutsa ke ci.

Menene mai yin bututu ke ci?

Photo: Tubifex tsutsa

Ana danganta tubules na ruwa da detritus, laka, ruwa mai tsauri, da ƙananan matakan oxygen - gabaɗaya magana, ƙarancin ruwa mara kyau. Koyaya, kamar 'yan'uwansu, tsutsotsi na duniya, suna sake amfani da abubuwan gina jiki, tsabtace rubar tabarmar algal zuwa cikin mayuka, kuma suna da muhimmiyar mahimmiyar rawa a cikin sarkar abinci. Kamar tsutsotsi na ƙasa (waɗanda ke cin datti), tsutsotsi masu tsutsotsi tsutsotsi ne waɗanda ke cinye duk abin da suka girma a ciki.

Mafi yawan kasuwancin da ake nomawa na tubifex ana tashe su ne a cikin najasa daga wata korama, wacce ke nufin suna rayuwa akan taki kifi. Ba lallai ba ne a faɗi, wannan yana ba su damar samun damar yaduwar ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta. Amma kifin da ke cikin ruwa suna son tubulers kuma suna bunƙasa yayin da aka girbe su da kyau.

Tubifex na iya rayuwa a cikin maɓuɓɓugan ruwa. Yana binne kansa a cikin laka ya ci, yana barin jelar ta girgiza a wannan lokacin. Kamar tsutsotsi na ƙasar, tsutsa mai ruwa a ciki tana ciyar da shuke-shuke matattu. Idan akwai mushen mushen dabba na kusa, shima zai tauna shi, saboda kada yayi nisa da tafiya.

Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa

Photo: Wani ma'aikacin bututu ne a gida

Tubesmen da danginsu kan boye kawunansu a cikin kananan bututu a cikin bututun, yayin da sauran jikinsu ke tashi sama, suna daga ruwa. Musayar gas (numfashi) yana faruwa kai tsaye ta cikin fata, yayin da ramin baka ke ciyarwa akan bazuwar kwayoyin halitta daga asalin. Ana zubar da sharar su cikin ruwa, kuma ta wannan hanyar tubifexes "suna jujjuya" daskararrun ta hanya daya kamar kwandunan kasa.

Tubes suna iya bunƙasa a cikin mahalli marasa ƙarancin iskar oxygen kamar su tafkunan jiyya na ruwa saboda suna da ingantacciyar hanyar haɗakar iska mai narkewa fiye da yawancin sauran kwayoyin. Tsutsotsi, yawanci tsawon santimita 1 zuwa 8.5, ana samun su a cikin bututun laka waɗanda suke ƙirƙirawa daga cakuda laka da gamsai. Koyaya, galibi suna barin ɓangarorinsu na baya a bayan tubunan, suna jujjuya su suna ƙirƙirar halin da zai basu damar tattara duk wasu alamomi na iska mai narkewa.

Kamar sauran tsutsotsi, tubules suna da matakan haemoglobin masu kyau da kuma halayyar jan launi mai haske. Suna da masaniya ga yawancin masu sha'awar akwatin kifaye waɗanda sukan siyan su azaman babban abincin furotin don kifin da suka fi so. Ana sayar da tubu a daskararre, bushe, ko rayuwa, kodayake wannan aikin yana daɗa zama ruwan dare. Rayayyun tubifexes ba su da wadatar kasuwanci kamar yadda suke a da saboda damuwa da suke yi na iya ƙunsar ƙwayoyin cuta na ɗan adam da suka samu daga gurɓataccen ruwa.

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Hotuna: tubifex gama gari

Tubes ba su da ikon sake sabunta sassan jikin da suka bace kuma basa kasu kashi biyu ko sama da haka, suna samar da mutane biyu ko sama da haka. Ba saɓaɓɓu ba ne, waɗannan talikan suna haihuwar jima'i. Al'aura suna kusa da gabar jiki.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Tubules sune hermaphroditic: kowane mutum yana samar da maniyyi da kwai, kuma yayin saduwa, wasu mutane suna takin kwai juna.

Tubules na balaga suna da clitellum, annular ko sirale mai siffar sifa zuwa gaban jiki (tsutsar ciki suna da tsari iri ɗaya). Clitellum yana kewaye da sassan jiki 2 ko 3, gami da bangarorin da ke samar da kwai da maniyyi, kuma suna fitar da wani siriri mai kunkuru wanda ke kare kwayayen da suka hadu har sai sun kyankyashe. Tubifexes ba su da wani mataki na daban na larva; yara kanana yara ne kaɗan kuma ba su balaga ba. Yayinda suke girma, tsayinsu yana ƙaruwa saboda samuwar sabbin sassa kai tsaye kafin ɓangaren ƙarshe.

Bayan gamawa, wanda ya hada da canzawar maniyyi tsakanin mutane biyu, ana adana maniyyin a cikin jakkunan da ke bayan budewar haihuwar mace. Waɗannan ƙwai ne da aka haɗu sai a tsara su kamar kwakwa. Kwai a cikin kokon na bunkasa cikin 'yan kwanaki bayan an kwantar da su, a wannan lokacin ne ci gaban tsutsa ya cika, ya zama tsutsa mai aiki sosai.

Abokan gaba na tubulers

Hoto: Yaya mai yin bututu yake

Tubes muhimmin tushe ne na abinci don ƙanana da ƙananan kifi da sauran ƙananan dabbobi masu cin ruwa. Masu ilimin ruwa sun san cewa tubules sanannen abincin kifi ne. Akwai tsutsotsi cikin daskararren tsari. Wasu lokuta sukan jujjuya zuwa ƙananan ƙananan bales - abincin dabbobi. A halin yanzu, lokacin da akwatin kifaye ke gano tubules na rayuwa a cikin akwatin kifaye - galibi ana samun shi a cikin tsakuwa mai ruɓewa - wannan alama ce ta cewa akwatin kifaye yana buƙatar tsaftacewa. Wadannan tsutsotsi na oligochaete, wadanda galibi ana girbe su daga laka da gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abinci, sanannen abinci ne ga wasu kifaye masu zafi.

Tubule yawanci ana samun shi azaman abinci mai sanyi, daskararre, ko busasshen abinci. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga tattalin arziki ga mutane a matsayin mai karɓar bakuncin Myxobolus cerebralis parasite, wanda ke haifar da cuta a cikin hannun kifi. Ba'a san cewa wasu tsutsotsi na iya ɗaukar wannan cutar ba. Sabili da haka, ya kamata a kula yayin ciyar da kifin tubule mai rai zuwa kifin akwatin kifaye.

Dole tubule da aka sarrafa ta kasuwanci ya zama mai aminci. Amma dole ne ku yi hankali tare da masu yin bututun mai tsada ko tsohuwar haja. Wannan abincin ya shahara sosai a da, amma tun lokacin da aka gano wannan kwayar cutar a cikin tsutsotsi masu rai, masu sha'awar sha'awa sun yi hattara da amfani da shi, kuma a halin yanzu ba kasafai ake sayar da tsutsotsi a cikin shaguna ba.

Tubifex ƙaramin abinci ne mai cike da furotin, yana mai dacewa da ƙaramin kifi da soya. Amma dole ne ku yi hankali game da ciyar da su bututun tubu a kowane lokaci, saboda babu wani abinci guda daya da zai iya biyan duk bukatun abinci na dabba. Amfani da tubifex azaman abincin kifi na yara an daɗe ana aiwatar da shi a filayen noma kuma muhimmin abinci ne na nitsuwa.

Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin

Hotuna: Pipeman

Tubuleworms dangi ne na tsutsotsi irin na annelid. Akwai kimanin nau'ikan annelids 17,000 a duniya. Hakanan sun haɗa da sanannun tsutsotsi na duniyarmu, gami da dunƙulen tsutsotsi, tsutsotsi da bututu, waɗanda shahararre ne a cikin akwatin ruwa na gishiri. Wadannan duk tsutsotsi ne masu laushi. A cikin annelids, ban da kai da wutsiya, kazalika da hanyar narkar da abinci, jijiyar jijiya, da jijiyoyin jini da dama da ke gudana tare da dabbar, jiki yana da tsayi mai tsari na kusan sassa iri daya.

Kowane sashe yana da nasa gabobin, kamar sauran, galibi da bango kamar bango yana raba kowane bangare daga makwabtansa biyu. Constididdigar abubuwa masu kama da jiki waɗanda ke kewaye da jiki sun dace da septa tsakanin sassan. Yawan tubifex a cikin rafi mai wadataccen tsari an gano yana da tsarin rayuwa na shekara-shekara tare da tsawan lokacin aikin haihuwa a lokacin hunturu da bazara. Ana samar da koko a ƙarshen hunturu da farkon bazara. Ba a sami koko a cikin watannin Agusta da Satumba ba kuma akwai ƙananan tsutsotsi a wannan lokacin.

Yawan mutane ya banbanta tsakanin 5420 m-2 a tsakiyar Satumba da 613,000 m-2 a tsakiyar Mayu. Matsakaicin rikodin biomass na yawan ya kasance 106 g busassun nauyin m-2 (Maris), kuma mafi ƙarancin shine 10 g bushe mai nauyi m-2 (Satumba). Adadin shekara shekara ya kasance 139 g bushewar nauyi m-2 kuma matsakaiciyar kwayar halittar shekara ta 46 g nauyin nauyi m-2.

Ma'aikacin bututu Shin tsutsa ne na ruwa tare da jiki mai rarrafe, mai kama da halittar duniya, zagaye a ɓangaren giciye (bai daidaita ba). Bananan bristles wasu lokuta bayyane. Ba su da ƙafa, ba su da kai kuma ba su da bakin magana sosai. Akwai nau'ikan tubule da yawa, mafi yawansu ja, launin ruwan kasa ko baƙi. Suna motsi kamar tsutsotsi na duniya, suna miƙewa suna kuma miƙewa.

Ranar bugawa: 12/27/2019

Ranar sabuntawa: 11.09.2019 a 23:42

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