Rudd - mai gaskiya mai lalata ruwa (duk da karami) - kifin yana rayuwa a cikin koguna da tafkuna daban-daban, yana cin abinci har ma da kananan kifi, tsutsa na kwari na cikin ruwa, tsutsotsi, da dai sauransu. , takamaiman sunaye. Red-eyed, red-wing, red-finned roach, shirt, magpie, chernukha da sauran su, harma da masu da'a. Dangane da rarrabuwa na zamani, wannan kifin na daga cikin nau'ikan rayukan rai, dangin kifi.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Krasnoperka
Rudd ana rarrabe shi da babban jiki, an daidaita shi a gefuna, da kuma ƙaramin kai. Hakoranta suna da kaifi sosai (wannan abin fahimta ne, saboda kifin yana da farauta), sawtooth kuma an tsara shi cikin layi 2 Sikeli na rudd suna da girma ƙwarai, wani ma yana iya cewa - mai yawa. Gabaɗaya, rudd ɗin yana da ma'auni 37-44 akan ɓangarorin. Matsakaicin tsayin jiki na rudd zai iya kaiwa 50 cm, yayin da kifin ba shi da nauyi fiye da kilogiram 2-2.1.
Kodayake a cikin mafi yawan lokuta, girman da nauyin matsakaicin rudd ya ragu sosai. An bayyana wannan fasalin da cewa rudd yana daya daga cikin mafi saurin kifi mai girma (a cikin shekara ta 1 ta rayuwa, tsawon jikinsa ya karu zuwa kawai 4.5 mm), don haka kawai manya da ma tsofaffi zasu iya isa ga iyakar ƙayyadadden girman da nauyi (a zahiri , ta ma'aunin kifi) daidaikun mutane.
Rudd an banbanta shi da launinsa mai haske, bayanta mai duhu launin ruwan kasa, tare da sheki, ɗan ɗan koren launi. A wasu ƙananan ƙananan, yana da launin ruwan kasa-kore. Sikeli akan ciki mai haske ne, azurfa, kuma gefunan zinare ne. A dabi'a, firam din rudd, wanda ya sa mata suna, ja ne mai haske. Game da bayyanar wannan kifin, akwai aya mai ban sha'awa sosai. Ya ta'allaka ne da cewa launin matasa ba shi da haske kamar na balagaggun manya. Da alama, wannan fasalin an yi bayanin shi ne da ƙayyadaddun "balaga" na waɗannan kifin.
Bidiyo: Krasnoperka
Tsawan rayuwar rudds ya fara ne daga shekaru 10 zuwa 19. Game da bambancin jinsuna - a yau al'ada ce ta rarrabe nau'ikan nau'ikan rudd, daban-daban ba kawai ga takamaiman bayyanar su ba, amma har ma sun fi son wuraren zama daban-daban (rudd, a zahiri, ba wai kawai a cikin ruwayen Rasha da na Turai ba - ana samun waɗannan kifin kusan ko'ina).
Scardinius erythrophthalmus sanannen rudd ne wanda aka samu a cikin yawancin ruwa a Turai da Rasha. A matsakaita, tsayin jikinta ya kai cm 25, kuma nauyinta yakai 400. Da wuya ƙwarai, idan ya fi haka. Amma duk da karancin girman sa da kuma taka tsantsan din sa, kifin ya shahara a tsakanin masunta masu son shi.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Yaya rudd yayi kama
Sau da yawa, hatta gogaggen masunta suna rikita rudd da kwatankwacin irin wannan kifin - roach. Wannan abin fahimta ne, saboda kamanceceniyar su bayyane. Amma duk da wannan, akwai alamomi da yawa da za'a iya bambance wadannan jinsin guda biyu (tun ma kafin a dafa abincin da za'a ci).
Don haka, ta yaya roach ya bambanta da rudd:
- jikin rudd yana da fadi da tsawo fiye da na roach. Bayan haka, rudd yana da ƙasa da rufin gamsai;
- launi na roach ba haske da kyau sosai - rudd yayi kyau sosai "mai ban mamaki";
- idanun rudun lemu ne, yayin da na roach jini ne ja;
- akwai bambance-bambance a cikin tsari da yawan hakora. Roach (kifi mai daɗi) ba zai iya alfahari da haƙoran haƙora ba, kuma suna cikin sahu ɗaya. Game da rudd, nan da nan za ku iya lura da layuka 2 masu kaifi da ƙarfi, haƙiƙa don cin ƙananan dabbobi da kifi;
- girman ma'auni a cikin roach ya ɗan fi girma;
- akwai bambanci a cikin dabi'un halittu, kodayake masunci zai iya kimanta shi a kaikaice. Abinda yakamata shine cewa roach ya taru a cikin manya-manyan garken dabbobi, yayin da rudd din ya fi son ya zauna “a cikin iyalai da yawa”
A ina rudd yake rayuwa?
Hotuna: Rudd cikin ruwa
Rudd yana zaɓar yankuna na jikin ruwa waɗanda algae da reeds suka mamaye a matsayin mazauninsu, ba tare da saurin gudu ko cikakken rashi ba. Sabili da haka, ruwan tafkuna masu gudana, da tabkuna, da kuma nutsuwa na kwararar koguna sune zaɓuɓɓuka masu kyau don rudd. Kamar yadda yake da ban mamaki kamar yadda yake iya sauti, rudd baya son ruwa mai ɗanɗano. Kuma kasancewar wani yanayi mai ƙarfi a wurinta gaba ɗaya lamari ne da ke ƙayyade rashin dacewar tafki na rayuwa. Dangane da haka, ba zai yuwu a rudd a cikin tsaunuka, koguna masu sauri - ba ta son irin waɗannan matattarar ruwa.
Rudd kusan ba zai taɓa shiga gabar tekun shawagi ba - mazaunin gidan da aka fi so a kowane yanayi. Bugu da ƙari, kifin ba ya taɓa ɓoyewa (har ma da zafi) a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi da tushen da ke fitowa daga bankunan. A cikin wannan, ta hanya, ana iya gano wani bambanci daga roach - shi, koda kuwa an tilasta shi raba tafki ɗaya tare da rudd, yana bin wurare da yawa da yawa. Kuma yana iyo, don mafi yawan, kusa da ƙasan. Rudd galibi ana iya ganinsa kusa da wanka, gadoji da katako - amma fa idan babu ciyayi na ruwa a kusa.
Dangane da halin yanzu, ee, rudd ba ya son shi, amma ba shi da komai game da masu rauni, da yardan rai kusa da matattarar ruwa. Wannan wurin yana jan hankali da wadataccen abinci. Dangane da saurin motsi, ba ta da wata ƙima ga roach, kuma waɗancan masunta waɗanda suka ga yadda ta fesa ko, mafi daidai, karkata, wasa a saman ruwa, gabaɗaya sun tabbatar da cewa wannan fantsamarwar ta kasance kifi mafi ƙarfi fiye da roach.
Yanzu kun san inda aka sami rudd. Bari muga me zata ci.
Menene rudd yake ci?
Hotuna: Kifin rudd
Dangane da abinci, rudd kwata-kwata bashi da ma'ana, duk da cewa shi mai farauta ne.
A zahiri, wannan kifin yana da komai, kuma yana cin kusan komai wanda ya zama:
- nau'ikan tsutsa na kwari na cikin ruwa da kwari kansu;
- tsutsotsi;
- ruwan caviar mollusk;
- abincin shuke-shuke, wato: algae, plankton da ƙananan shuke-shuke na shuke-shuke na cikin ruwa.
Akwai muhimmin fasali dangane da tsarin abinci - samari rudd suna cinye musamman zooplankton. Kuma kawai a farkon lokacin balagarsu suna canzawa zuwa “komai”, suna cin abinci iri-iri. Abincin babba rudd, ban da duk abubuwan da ke sama, ana wakiltar ƙananan harbe-harben tsire-tsire na ruwa da filamentous algae. Ba ta raina caviar sauran kifayen, kuma samari ma suna cin abinci tare da jin daɗi.
A lokacin rani, rudd da yardar rai yana cinye caviar katantanwa, wanda suka yafa a bayan ganyen lily (wanda yake fuskantar ruwan). Don haka, fita yawon kamun kifi da maraice na watan Yuni, zaku iya jin karar ringin da ke yawo a cikin dusar lili na ruwa - wannan rudd yana tsaftace muvius caviar na katantanwa dake manne da ganyen lili na ruwa, don haka yana rage yawan mutanen na ƙarshen. Ana kama da irin wannan sauti a cikin iska ta rudd da aka kama.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Rudd gama gari
Zuwa tsakiyar ƙarshen Satumba, rudd en masse matasa ya shiga cikin ciyayi kuma, mai yiwuwa, lokacin hunturu a can. Manya, waɗanda suka manyanta a jima'i, a wannan lokacin, sun fi son zama a wurare masu zurfi. Rudd yayi ƙoƙari ya bayyana ƙasa da ƙasa a saman ruwa. A sakamakon haka, suna kwance a cikin watan Oktoba don hunturu. A takaice, farawa a tsakiyar Oktoba, ba za ku iya begen mawuyacin hali ba. Aƙalla, tabbas ba za ku iya yin wannan ba tare da sandar shaƙatawa na yau da kullun.
A cikin tafkuna da tabkuna, haka kuma a cikin ƙananan koguna, a lokacin sanyi, lokacin da iskar oxygen ba ta isa ba, rudd yana yawo kusa da farfajiyar. A wannan lokacin, ana iya kama shi da yawa. Kodayake ya kamata a sani cewa rudd kifi ne mai tsananin wuya. Yana da kusan matsayin undemanding zuwa ingancin ruwa kamar tench, kuma da yawa ƙarfi, mafi m fiye da na kowa roach.
Yawancin mutane na rudd gama gari saboda gaskiyar cewa kamun kifin nan yana cike da mahimman matsaloli - yana da matukar wahalar kama shi, saboda rudd yana mai da hankali sosai. Kifi da kyar yakan bayyana a sararin samaniya, kuma idan akwai haɗari sai ya ɓoye nan da nan cikin ciyawar ciyayi na ruwa - wannan fasalin ya fi wahala ga maƙiyan ƙasa. Amma masunta suna ba da hankali ga gaskiyar cewa kama rudd zai iya faruwa ne kawai tare da raƙuman rawaya mai haske. Wani fasali na wannan kifin shine rashin kulawa da ƙirar sauran launuka.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Krasnoperka (dukkanin ƙananan sa) bai sami mahimmancin masana'antu ba. Dalilin shine ɗan ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano. Amma ga masunta na wasanni, yana da matukar sha'awa - galibi saboda mahalli mai fa'ida da wahalar kamawa. Ba a kama Rudd don dafa miyar kifi daga ciki ba - aiwatar da kama yana da mahimmanci ga masunta.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Rudd
A shekaru 3-5 na rayuwa, rudd ɗin ya kai ga balagar jima'i. A wannan lokacin, girmansa ya riga ya kai kusan 11-12 cm tsayi, kuma kifin ya zama a shirye don taɓarɓarewa. Tsawancin wannan aikin shine watanni 2-3, daga Afrilu ko Mayu (farkon yana dogara da mazaunin) kuma har zuwa ƙarshen Yuni. Lura cewa wannan lokacin ya dace idan matsakaita zafin jiki ya kasance digiri 16-20. A farkon farawa, launin rudd ya zama mai haske sosai kuma mafi bayyana fiye da sauran lokutan.
Caviar kifi ya tafi akan tsire-tsire na ruwa, kuma ba duka aka sake shi lokaci ɗaya ba, amma an cika shi da ƙarfi. Wani fasalin waɗannan kifin shine cewa kafin lokacin haifuwa, kaso 2 na caviar ba su girma, kuma na ukun an ƙirƙira shi daidai lokacin da ake narkar da shi. Da kansu, ƙwai suna da danko, 1-1.5 mm a diamita. A matsakaita, rudd yana yin ƙwai har dubu 232, amma yana da matukar wahala ga waɗanda suke so su ci riba daga soya da ba a haifa ba su samo su (ƙwai galibi ana haɗe da tushen tsire-tsire na ruwa, kuma rudd ɗin yana rufe su da gaske).
Lokacin shiryawa bai wuce kwana 3 ba. Lokacin da soya ƙyanƙyashe, tsayinsu yakai 5 mm, kuma a kan isa 30 mm, takamaiman lokacin soya fara. Girman yawan rudd an iyakance shi ne gaskiyar cewa yawancin damar soya sun mutu yayin lokacin shiryawa, ya zama "karin kumallo" na ƙananan masu cin abincin.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Hakanan an bayyana yawancin mutanen rudd da gaskiyar cewa a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi, zasu iya haɗuwa da wasu wakilan kifin na dangin cyprinid. Sabili da haka, ana iya samun nau'ikan rudd tare da kifi irin na ruwa, tench, bream, har ma fiye da haka tare da roach. Kuma, abin da ya fi ban sha'awa, akasin dokokin ƙirar gado, haɓakar da aka samo sakamakon irin wannan ƙetarewar ba sa rasa ikon haifuwa kuma suna ba da zuriyar haihuwa lafiya. Wannan fasalin wani yanayin ne wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga saurin ci gaban yawan mutanen rudd.
Maƙiyan makiya na rudd
Photo: Yaya rudd yayi kama
Saboda yawan jama'arta, rudd gama gari yakan zama abinci ne ga irin waɗannan dabbobin masu kama da ruwa kamar pikes, kifayen kifayen kifi da kifi - manyan kifaye sun koyi shawo kan dukkan "dabarunsa". A ka'ida, kasancewar makiya na halitta ne babban abin da ke hana ci gaban yawan mutanen rudd - saboda haka yana yiwuwa a kiyaye daidaito a tsarin halittun ruwa, saboda "jan roach" yana hayayyafa cikin adadi mai yawa.
Dangane da haka, idan babu takunkumin dalilai, kifin zai sami matsayin datti. 'Yan Crucians ba sa kusantar kai hari ga ruddadden balaga, yana da matsala a gare su su sami caviar (na biyun ya ɓoye shi sosai abin dogaro), amma yana da sauƙi a ci abinci a kan ƙananan dabbobi. Wani maƙiyin rudd ana ɗauke shi da katantanwa - ƙanana da manyan katunan katantanwa. Bari kawai mu ce, sun rama mata, suna lalata ƙwai.
Koyaya, babban abokin gaba na redfin roach shine mutum - kuma ba talakawa masunta da sandar kamun kifi, kuma ba mafarauta da raga ba. Ofaruwar yawan waɗannan kifin yana da sauri ta yadda duk sha'awar ba za a iya hallaka su ba. Amma hayakin masana'antun daga kamfanoni na haifar da lalacewar da ba za a iya gyara shi ba ga rudd. Amma koda tare da wannan matsalar, rudd din ya saba da jimre - bayan fitowar abubuwa masu cutarwa, suna yawan yin ƙaura zuwa sama, sannan su dawo. Lalacewa daga sakin sunadarai don sauran nau'ikan kifayen yafi barna.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Kifin rudd
Baya ga rudd ɗin gama gari, akwai wasu nau'ikan irin waɗannan kifin.
Rudd Scardinius acarnanicus. Wannan rukunin rukuni na rudd yana rayuwa ne kawai a kudancin Girka, kasancewar kyakkyawan misali na ƙarshen cuta. Jikin wannan kifin ya kai tsawon cm 33. Duk da bambance-bambance a cikin rarraba kewayon, wannan rudd din yana da ƙananan bambance-bambance daga rudd na kowa - bambanci tsakanin waɗannan ƙananan ƙananan ya ƙunshi kawai ƙayyadaddun tsarin ƙirar da kuma yawan gill stamens.
Scardinius acarnanicus ya samo asali ne daga farkon kwanakin Maris zuwa Yuli hade. Abin lura ne cewa irin wannan mummunan hangen nesa yana shafar kawai rudd Scardinius acarnanicus, Scardinius racovitzai da Scardinius graecus (za a tattauna a ƙasa). Yawan jama'a duk wasu ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa suna ci gaba da faɗaɗa kewayon su.
Girkanci rudd.Sunan Latin don wannan ƙananan shine Scardinius graecus. An kuma san shi da suna Ilikskaya rudd - ana ba da suna don mazaunin sa (kifin yana zaune a Tafkin Iliki, wanda ke tsakiyar Girka). Babban fasalin sa shine tsayin sa - girman jikin manya zai iya kaiwa zuwa 40. Masanan Ichthyologists suna danganta raguwar yawan wannan ƙananan ƙananan tare da raguwar wadataccen abinci.
Rudd Scardinius racovitzai. Wannan nau'in rudd yana zaune ne a cikin bazara mai zafi ta Petzea (Baile Epiropesti), wanda ke yamma da Romania. Dangane da girma, wannan nau'in rudd shine mafi kankanta, matsakaicin tsayin jikinsu bai wuce cm 8.5 ba .. Theuntataccen mazaunin wannan rudd yana da alaƙa da ƙazantar da mazauninsu.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Kuna iya samun ambaton cewa a cikin Gabas ta Tsakiya - Sakhalin da cikin ruwa mai tsabta na Japan, akwai wani kifin mai irin wannan suna - Far Eastern rudd. Sabanin sanannen kuskuren fahimta, ba shi da wata ma'amala kaɗan da rudd ɗin da muka saba, duk da irin sunan. Dangane da rarrabuwa na zamani, rudd din Gabas ta Gabas yana da nau'in nau'in kifin daban daban.
Zamu iya cewa rudd - kifin yana da nutsuwa sosai, ba shi da ma'ana, yana haifar da zaman rayuwa (tare da wasu ƙalilan waɗanda ba sa rayuwa), kusan ba ya barin tafkunan ruwa na asali. Iyakar abin da aka keɓance sune fitowar abubuwa masu cutarwa ko kuma zurfin rafin koguna (tabkuna, tafkuna). Rudd yana rayuwa a cikin ƙananan garken tumaki, kuma yana cikin salama - duk da cewa su masu farauta ne. Kifi da wuya suna rikici da juna - amma basa bikin baƙi. Rudd yana rayuwa tare da ƙaramar gasa mai mahimmanci, yawancin su don su ba dalili bane don raba ƙasa da juna.
Ranar bugawa: 01.01.
Ranar da aka sabunta: 12.09.2019 a 12:19
