Lake kwado - wakilin da yafi dacewa da gidan ainihin kwadi. Don saduwa da shi, mazaunan wasu biranen kawai suna buƙatar barin garin zuwa ɗan ruwa. Wannan amphibian din ana iya rarrabe shi da sauƙin yanayi ta kai da kashin baya. Kwarin tafkin shine mafi yawan nau'ikan rukunin rukuni. Galibi suna zaune ne a inda zafin ruwan ya kai aƙalla digiri 15 a ma'aunin Celsius. Bari muyi magana dalla-dalla game da irin wannan kwado.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Photo: Lake kwado
Ambaton farko na kwado ramin ya bayyana a shekara ta 1771. Sunan Latin Pelophylax ridibundus an ba shi wannan nau'in a wancan lokacin daga masanin kimiyyar Encyclopedia na Jamus Pallas Peter Simon. Wannan mutumin ya gano sabbin nau'ikan nau'ikan dabbobi daban-daban. Don girmama shi, har ma an ba da wasu wakilai na fauna.
Kwarin tafkin shine mafi girman nau'in amphibian a Rasha. Mafi sau da yawa ana iya samun su a cikin tafkunan asalin ɗan adam. Dangane da bayanan hukuma, irin wannan kwadin ya bayyana a yankin ƙasarmu a cikin 1910 kuma an yi kuskuren bayyana shi a matsayin ƙwarƙwata - Rana florinskii.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Lake kwado
Lake kwado ta tsarinsa yana da kwarangwal mai tsayi, kwanya mai juyawa da bakin ciki. Bayyanar kwado na marsh bai bambanta sosai da sauran wakilan wannan dangin ba. Idan ka lura sosai, za ka lura cewa ɓangaren ɓangaren jiki, wanda aka zana launin toka ko kaɗan mai rawaya, kuma yana da tabo masu yawa. Daga sama, jikin kwado yana da launi irin nasa na ciki. Idanun mutane galibi launin zinare ne.
Daga cikin siffofin wannan nau'in, mutum na iya lura da wani taro mai kayatarwa, wanda wani lokacin yakan kai 700 g. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran kwadi, wannan lambar tana bayyana karara cewa ƙwarjin marsh ba ɗaya daga cikin mafi sauƙin wakilci bane a cikin dangin ta.
A ina ne ramin tafkin ke rayuwa?
Photo: Lake kwado
Kwarin tafkin ya yadu a sassa daban-daban na duniya. A halin yanzu, ban da Rasha, ana iya samun sa a wasu yankuna na Turai, Asiya, da kuma Arewacin Afirka.
Daga cikin wuraren da ke da yawan jama'a a Turai yawanci ana rarrabe su:
- Kirimiya;
- Kazakhstan;
- Caucasus.
A cikin Asiya, kwadin marsh ya zama ruwan dare kusa da Kamchatka. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa sau da yawa ana iya samun maɓuɓɓugar ruwa a cikin teku. Zafin jiki a cikinsu ya kai kimanin digiri 20 a ma'aunin Celsius, kuma wannan, kamar yadda kuka sani, yana da matukar dacewa ga rayuwar wannan nau'in.
A kan yankin ƙasarmu, ana iya samun kwarin kwado tare da yiwuwar musamman idan kuna zaune a Tomsk ko Novosibirsk. A cikin koguna kamar Tom da Ob, suna cikin manyan mazauna.
Menene kwarin lake?
Photo: Lake kwado
Abincin wannan nau'in ba ya bambanta ta kowace hanya daga iyali gabaɗaya. Kwarin kwari sun fi son larva na mazari, da ruwa, da molluscs a matsayin abincinsu. Idan abincin da ke sama ya yi karanci ko ba ya nan, za su iya cin tadodin nau'insu ko soyayyen kifin kogin.
A cikin sakin layi na gaba, zamu ambaci girman amphibian ɗin da ake magana, waɗanda sune ɗayan manyan abubuwan rarrabewa da sauran jinsin dangi. Godiya garesu, kwado na marsh wani lokaci yakan iya afkawa irin waɗannan ƙananan dabbobi kamar dabbobi ko shrew, ƙananan tsuntsaye, kajin da ƙananan macizai.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Lake kwado
Lake kwado dangin kwadi na gaske shine mafi yawan nau'in amphibian a cikin Eurasia. A cikin yanayi, zaku iya samun daidaikun mutane, wanda girman su ya kai tsawon fiye da 17 santimita. Yana da ban sha'awa a lura cewa a cikin wannan nau'in, mata sun fi maza girma sosai.
Kamar sauran kwadi, kwadin tafki yafi zama a bakin ruwa. Godiya ga launinta, ana iya samun saukinsa a duk yanayin yanayi. Halinta na halayya a baya, wanda yake sau da yawa koren haske, yana taimakawa sake kamannin kansa akan tushen shuke-shuke na cikin ruwa.
Don rayuwa, kwadin tafkin sun fi son wuraren ruwa tare da mafi ƙarancin zurfin santimita 20. Mafi sau da yawa, ana iya samun wannan nau'in a cikin ruɓaɓɓun jikin ruwa - tabkuna, kududdufai, ramuka, da sauransu.
Kwarin tafkin yana aiki don karantawa ba dare ba rana, sabili da haka, idan ya lura da haɗari, nan da nan sai ya amsa ya ɓuya a cikin ruwa. Yana zaune a bakin ruwa da rana, kamar yadda a wannan lokacin yana cikin farauta. A lokacin hunturu, kwado na marsh na iya ci gaba da aiki idan zafin ruwan ba ya canzawa da yawa.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Lake kwado
Yana da ban sha'awa a lura cewa haifuwa da kwado na lake, sabanin sauran yan amphibians, baya tare da ƙaura. Kasancewa da yanayin zafi, maza suna nuna shirinsu na farko don saduwa lokacin da zafin ruwan ya kai daga + 13 zuwa + 18 digiri. An fara raira waƙa, wanda ya haifar da faɗaɗawar kusurwoyin bakin. Amparin faɗakarwar sauti ana basu su ta hanyar kwallaye na musamman - masu sake bayyanawa, waɗanda ke kumbura lokacin da suke kwalliya.
Frogi sun taru rukuni-rukuni, kuma maza basu da zabi sosai, saboda haka zasu iya kama mace ɗaya a cikin rukuni ko ma su rikita ta da wani abu maras rai.
Saukewa zai faru ne kawai a cikin wadataccen yanayi mai kariya da kariya. Kwai daya zai iya yin kwai har dubu 12. Dukan lokacin kiwo yana wata ɗaya.
Yawancin taddodi sun bazu ko'ina cikin tafkin, suna cin algae kuma suna jiran lokacin balagarsu, wanda ke faruwa shekara ɗaya ko fiye bayan haɗuwarsu.
Abokan gaba na tafkin kwadi
Photo: Lake kwado
Duk da cewa kwadagon marsh yana da girma, amma yakan fada hannun wasu dabbobi. Daga cikin mafi munin makiya wannan nau'in, al'ada ce a ware maciji gama-gari, tunda sune asalin abincin su.
Kwakwar marsh shima ganima ce ta kowa ga tsuntsayen dabbobi da sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa. Misali, yana iya zama fox, otters ko jackals. Babu ƙarancin maƙiyi mai haɗari ga ƙwarjin ƙwarya shi ne ɓarna ko maraƙin. Sau da yawa zaka iya ganin hoton yadda suke cin su da yardar rai, kama su daga tafki. Manyan kifayen ma suna cin kwaɗi. Wadannan kifin sun hada da kifin kifi, pike da walleye.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Lake kwado
Kwakwar marsh tana da yawan jama'a kuma tana rayuwa a cikin gandun daji, daɗaɗɗun dazuzzuka, da raƙuman ruwa, da hamada da kuma hamadar hamada, da zaɓar tsayayyun koguna masu gudana, rafuka, koguna da tafkuna a waɗannan yankuna na halitta. Abin takaici, a cikin wasu yankuna, waɗannan amphibians suna shahara. Barazana shine mutumin da ke kama mutane don karatu, gwaje-gwaje, ko amfani dasu a magani.
Tekun kwadin tekun na zama abinci ga yawancin mazaunan tafki. A lokaci guda, manya da mata suna cin kifi, don haka yana shafar ichthyofauna na jikin ruwa. Hakanan, wakilan wannan nau'in sun fi son kadangaru, tsuntsaye, macizai har ma da dabbobi masu shayarwa don abinci. Don haka, kwado tafkin yana da mahimmiyar rawa a sarkar abinci.
A ƙarshe, Ina so in faɗi cewa kwarin lake, kodayake ɗayan mafi girma ne daga cikin dangin ainihin kwadi, har yanzu yana buƙatar kariya. Wannan shine ainihin abin da ke bayyana launinta, wanda galibi yana zama kyakkyawan sutura ga wannan nau'in. Kodayake kwado na marsh jinsin mutane ne, ana yawan kama shi don amfani dashi a ilimi, magani da kimiyya.
Ranar bugawa: 03/21/2020
Ranar sabuntawa: 21.03.2020 a 21:31
