Red-breasted Goose

Pin
Send
Share
Send

Red-breasted Goose Isaramar siririn tsuntsaye ne na dangin agwagwa. A waje, tsuntsu yayi kamanceceniya da karamin goose. Tsuntsun yana da launi mai tsananin haske na nono kuma kasan bangaren kan tsuntsun mai launin ruwan kasa-ja, fuka-fukai, ciki da wutsiya suna da bambancin launin baki da fari. Abu ne mai wahalar haduwa da wannan tsuntsu a cikin daji, tunda jinsin yana da matukar wahala kuma akwai karancin tsuntsayen da suka rage a yanayi. Yawancin lokaci gida a cikin tundra.

Asalin jinsin da bayanin

Hotuna: Goose mai ƙwanƙwasa

Branta ruficollis (Red-breasted Goose) tsuntsu ne na umarnin Anseriformes, dangin duck, jinsin goose. Umurnin anseriformes, wanda geese ke ciki, tsoho ne sosai. Anseriformes na farko sun rayu duniya a ƙarshen lokacin Cretaceous ko a farkon Paleocene na zamanin Cenozoic.

Abubuwan da aka fara samowa a Amurka, New Jersey sun kai kimanin shekaru miliyan 50. Yanayin tsohuwar tsuntsu zuwa ga tsarin amsar wasu abubuwa an ƙaddara shi ta yanayin fukafukan tsuntsu. Bazuwar yaduwar amsoshi a duniya mai yiwuwa ya fara ne daga wata nahiya a kudancin duniya; tsawon lokaci, tsuntsayen suka fara mallakar sabbin yankuna. A karo na farko, Branta ruficollis jinsin ya bayyana ne daga Bajamushe masanin kimiyyar halittu Peter Simon Pallas a 1769.

Bidiyo: Red-breasted Goose

Babban fasalin tsuntsayen sun haɗa da launi mai haske, da ɗan gajeren baki. Geese ƙananan tsuntsaye ne masu siraran jiki. A kan kai da kirjin tsuntsun, an zana fuka-fukai a cikin haske, launin ja-kasa-kasa. A baya, fuka-fuki da wutsiya, launi baƙar fata ne kuma fari. Kan tsuntsun karami ne, ba kamar sauran geese ba, geza masu narkarda ja suna da babban wuya, mai kauri da gajere baki. Girman kuzarin wannan nau'ikan ya yi ƙanƙan da ƙangi, amma ya fi sauran nau'in girma. Red-breasted geese suna karatun tsuntsayen ƙaura, suna da tauri sosai kuma suna iya tashi nesa mai nisa.

Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali

Hoto: Menene jan goshi mai ɗanɗano?

Tsuntsayen wannan nau'in kusan ba zai yuwu su rikita da sauran tsuntsayen ruwa ba saboda launinsu na ban mamaki. Tsuntsun ya samo sunansa "Mai kumburi" saboda durin da ke launin kasa-ja mai haske a wuya, kirji da kunci. A saman kai, baya, fuka-fuki, labban baƙi ne. Akwai farin ratsi a gefuna, kai da karkashin kasa. Akwai wani farin fari mai haske kusa da bakin tsuntsun. Maza da mata suna da launi iri ɗaya kuma yana da wuya a rarrabe namiji da mace a zahiri. Yaran yara masu launi iri ɗaya. kamar manyan tsuntsaye, amma launuka sun dusashe. Babu wani abin hawa a jikin wata gabar jiki. Lissafin baƙar fata ne ko gajeren gajere mai duhu. Idanun kanana ne, idanun sun yi kasa-kasa.

Geese na wannan nau'in ƙananan tsuntsaye ne, tsayin jiki daga kai zuwa wutsiya shine 52-57 cm, fukafukan fukafukai ya kai kusan 115-127 cm. Nauyin babban mutum shine kilo 1.4-1.6. Tsuntsaye suna tashi da sauri da kyau kuma suna da yanayi mai laushi, mara nutsuwa. Yayin tafiyar, garken na iya yin jujjuyawar da ba zato ba tsammani, tsuntsayen na iya taruwa kuma, kamar yadda yake, su yi taɗuwa tare, suna yin wani nau'in ƙwallo a cikin iska, sannan kuma su sake tashi zuwa wurare daban-daban. Geese iyo sosai, na iya nutsewa. Lokacin da aka saukar da su cikin ruwa, suna fitar da wata duwawun karfi. Suna da mutunci sosai, suna sadarwa da juna koyaushe.

Sana'a. Geese na wannan nau'in yana fitar da cackles disyllabic mai ƙarfi, wani lokacin kama da clucking. Mafi yawancin lokuta, ana jin sauti iri ɗaya da sauti "gvyy, givyy". A lokacin da tsuntsun ya hango hadari, don tsoratar da abokin hamayyarsa, tsumman na iya ihu da ƙarfi.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Guraren jan-nama na ainihi sun daɗe a tsakanin tsuntsaye; a ƙarƙashin kyakkyawan yanayi, tsuntsaye na iya rayuwa na kimanin shekaru 40.

A ina ne jan-breasted goose yake rayuwa?

Hoto: seunƙasar jan burodi a Rasha

Mazaunin jan zakin da aka ba shi ya fi iyaka. Tsuntsaye suna rayuwa a cikin tundra daga Yamal zuwa Khatanga Bay da kwarin Popigai. Babban ɓangare na yawan mutanen gida a kan Taimyr Peninsula kuma yana zaune a Kogin Taimyr da Pyasana. Hakanan kuma ana iya samun waɗannan tsuntsayen a cikin wani karamin yanki na Kogin Yuribey kusa da Tafkin Yaroto.

Kamar kowane tsuntsayen masu ƙaura, geese masu jan jan nama suna zuwa yankuna masu ɗumi don lokacin hunturu. Tsuntsaye suna son hunturu a gabar yamma ta Bahar Maliya da Danube. Tsuntsaye suna barin hunturu a ƙarshen Satumba. Masana kimiyyar halittar jiki ma sun yi nazarin hanyar ƙaura ta waɗannan tsuntsayen. A lokacin ƙaura, tsuntsaye suna tashi a kan Ural a cikin kwarin koguna mafi kusa, sa'annan tsuntsayen, har suka isa Kazakhstan, suka juya zuwa yamma, can, suna shawagi a kan matattakalar tudu da filaye, thean tsaunukan Caspian suna tashi a kan Ukraine kuma suna zama a saman ruwa a bakin Bahar Maliya da Danube.

A lokacin ƙaura, tsuntsaye suna tsayawa don hutawa da samun ƙarfi. Garken suna yin manyan tashoshinsu kusa da Arctic Circle a kwararar kogin Ob, a arewacin Khanty-Mansiysk, a cikin matattakalar tudu da kan yankin Tobol da ke cikin kwarin kogin Manych, a Rostov da Stavropol. A lokacin nest, tsuntsaye suna zama a cikin tundra, dajin-tundra a cikin yankuna masu ɓarna. Don rayuwa, suna zaɓar yankuna masu faɗi waɗanda ba su da nisa da tafki, suna iya sauka a kan dutsen da rafin kusa da koguna.

Yanzu kun san inda aka sami jan goggon ja. Bari muga abin da wannan tsuntsun ya ci.

Menene Goose mai ɗanɗano ya ci?

Hoto: Tsuntsaye mai launin ja-breasted

Geese tsuntsaye ne masu ciyawa kuma suna ciyarwa ne kawai akan abincin shuke-shuke.

Abincin na jan-breasted geese ya hada da:

  • ganye da harbe-shuke na shuke-shuke;
  • gansakuka;
  • lichens;
  • ciyawar auduga;
  • kwantar da hankali;
  • dawakai;
  • 'ya'yan itace;
  • tsabayen gado;
  • albasa da ganyen tafarnuwa na daji;
  • hatsin rai;
  • hatsi;
  • alkama;
  • sha'ir;
  • masara.

A cikin shafukan gida, tsuntsaye suna cin abinci galibi akan ganyaye da rhizomes na shuke-shuke waɗanda suke girma a wuraren da suke gida. Waɗannan su ne yawanci sedge, dawakai, ciyawar auduga mai kunkuntar-zaki. Dole ne in faɗi cewa abincin ya fi sauƙi, saboda a cikin matakan ba za ku sami ganye mai yawa ba. Tsuntsaye da 'ya'yan itacen bishiyoyi suna tsinkaye, waɗanda suka ci karo da' ya'yan itatuwa.

A lokacin hunturu, tsuntsaye galibi suna rayuwa ne a kan ciyawa da ciyawa, filayen da aka shuka da hatsin hatsi na hunturu. A lokaci guda, tsuntsaye suna yin tsini a kan hatsi, ƙananan ganye da kuma tushen shuke-shuke. Tsuntsaye suna cin abinci galibi a lokacin hunturu a filayen hunturu, abincin tsuntsaye ya fi bambancin yawa fiye da wuraren nesting. A lokacin ƙaura, tsuntsaye suna cin abinci a kan tsire-tsire waɗanda ke girma a wuraren da suka tsaya, galibi ɓoye, kabeji, huhu, dawakai da sauran nau'o'in tsire-tsire. Kaza da yara suna cin abinci a kan ciyawa mai laushi, ganye da kuma tsirrai na tsire-tsire, yayin da kajin, ke ɓoyewa daga masu farauta tare, suna zaune tare da iyayensu a cikin ciyawar ciyawar har sai sun koyi tashi.

Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa

Hotuna: -unƙwasa mai Redaure daga Littafin Ja

Geese na wannan nau'in tsuntsaye ne masu ƙaura. Tsuntsaye sun mamaye saman tekun Bahar Maliya da kuma kan Danube. Mafi yawa a Bulgaria da Romania. Tsuntsaye suna barin hunturu a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na watan Satumba, a lokacin bazara suna komawa gidajensu na zama a farkon watan Yuni. Ba kamar geese da sauran tsuntsaye ba, geese a lokacin ƙaura ba ya tashi cikin manyan garken tumaki, amma yana motsawa cikin yankuna daga 5 zuwa 20 nau'i-nau'i. Tsuntsaye suna isa wurin gida gida biyu-biyu da aka kirkira a lokacin hunturu. Red-breasted geese suna son zama a kan ƙananan bankunan ruwa, a cikin steppe, gandun daji-steppe, kwari kusa da koguna. Bayan isowa, nan da nan tsuntsayen za su fara ba da sheƙan gida.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Geese tsuntsaye ne masu hankali, suna gina gidajensu kusa da gidajen manyan tsuntsayen masu cin nama kamar su peregrine falcon, mujiya mai dusar ƙanƙara ko ungulu.

Tsuntsaye masu farauta suna kare gidansu daga dabbobi masu rarrafe daban-daban (dabbobin polar, foxes, Wolves da sauransu), yayin da tsuntsayen kuma ba sa samun damar abokan gaba. Irin wannan unguwar ita ce kadai hanya ta kiwon kaji. Ko da lokacin da suke zaune a kan gangarowa da haɗari, gidajen geese koyaushe suna cikin haɗari, don haka tsuntsayen ba sa ƙoƙari su nemi maƙwabta mai kyau.

Geese suna aiki yayin rana. Da dare, tsuntsaye suna hutawa a kan ruwa ko kuma cikin gida. Tsuntsaye suna samo wa kansu abinci kusa da gida, ko kusa da tafki. A cikin garken, tsuntsaye suna da ma'amala sosai. An inganta tsarin zamantakewar jama'a, tsuntsaye suna rayuwa a wurin da suke gida gida biyu, a lokacin hunturu suna taruwa a ƙananan garken. Galibi babu rikice-rikice tsakanin tsuntsaye.

Tsuntsaye suna kulawa da mutum sosai, lokacin da mutum yayi ƙoƙari ya kusanci gida, mace zata ba shi damar shiga sannan kuma tayi ƙoƙari ta tashi ba tare da an sani ba. A lokaci guda, namiji ya haɗu da shi, ma'auratan suna tashi a kusa da gida, kuma suna yin sautuka masu ƙarfi suna ƙoƙarin korar mutumin. Wani lokaci geese kan gano game da dabarun mai farauta ko wani mutum a gaba, mai ba da kariya ya sanar da shi wannan. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, lokacin da yawan jama'a ke cikin hatsarin bacewa, wadannan tsuntsayen sun fara kiyayewa tare da kiwon su a wasu wuraren shakatawa da gandun namun daji. A cikin bauta, tsuntsaye suna da kyau kuma suna haihuwar nasara.

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Hotuna: pairaure mai jan jan ciki

Red-breasted geese ya kai ga balagar jima'i da shekaru 3-4. Tsuntsaye suna isowa wuraren shakatawa a wasu nau'i-nau'i da aka kafa a baya, kuma da isowa ga gidan sheƙar, nan da nan za su fara gina gida. An gina gida gida a cikin ɓacin rai na gangare, cike da tsire-tsire na albarkatun hatsi kuma an wanke shi da murfin ƙasa. Girman gida yana da kusan 20 cm a diamita, zurfin gida ya kai 8 cm.

Kafin saduwa, tsuntsayen suna da wasannin mating masu ban sha'awa, tsuntsayen suna iyo a cikin da'ira, suna cusa bakunansu cikin ruwa tare, kuma suna yin sautuka iri-iri. Kafin saduwa, namijin yakan dauki tsaye tare da yada fikafikan sa ya riski mace. Bayan saduwa, tsuntsayen sun yi wutsiyoyi, sun baje fikafikansu sun kuma miƙa dogon wuyansu masu ƙarfi, yayin da suke fashewa da waƙar baƙinsu.

Bayan wani lokaci, sai matar ta sami kwayayen fari masu madara 4 zuwa 9. Tsarin kwai na tsawon kwanaki 25, mace na yin kwayayen, yayin da namiji a koyaushe yana kusa yana kare dangi da kawowa mace abinci. Ana haihuwar kajin a ƙarshen Yuni, a lokacin da kajin suka bayyana, iyayen za su fara yin zina, kuma iyayen sun rasa ikon tashi na ɗan lokaci, don haka duk dangin suna zaune a kan ciyawar da ke ƙoƙarin ɓoyewa a cikin manyan ciyawar ciyawa.

Sau da yawa broaodan iyaye daga iyaye daban-daban suna haɗuwa tare, suna jingina a cikin babban, ƙara mai kuwwa da byan tsuntsaye masu girma suka tsare. A ƙarshen watan Agusta, yaran sun fara tashi kaɗan, kuma a ƙarshen Satumba, yaran da ke tare da wasu tsuntsaye suna tashi don hunturu.

Halittan makiya na jan-breasted geese

Hoto: Redunƙushin jan icen da ke kan ruwa

Red-breasted geese a cikin daji suna da 'yan kaɗan makiya, kuma ba tare da kariyar tsuntsayen dabbobi masu ƙarfi ba, yana da matukar wahala waɗannan amsoshin su rayu.

Abokan gaba na wadannan tsuntsayen sune:

  • Dawakan Arctic;
  • dawakai;
  • karnuka;
  • kerkeci;
  • shaho;
  • gaggafa da sauran mafarauta.

Geese ƙananan tsuntsaye ne ƙanana, kuma yana da wahala a gare su su kare kansu. Idan tsuntsayen da suka manyanta za su iya gudu da sauri kuma su tashi, yara ba za su iya kare kansu da kansu ba. Kari kan hakan, tsuntsayen da suka balaga yayin narka suna zama masu rauni sosai, suna rasa ikon tashi. Sabili da haka, a lokacin nest, tsuntsayen suna ƙoƙari koyaushe su kasance ƙarƙashin inuwar wani babban mai farauta mai fuka-fukai, wanda, yayin da yake kare nasa gida, yana kuma kiyaye tsintsin geese.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Saboda fitowar tasu mai haske, tsuntsaye ba sa iya ɓoyewa da kyau, galibi gida-gida tare da mace a zaune ana iya hango shi daga nesa, amma ba kowane abu ne mai sauƙi ba. Sau da yawa ana gargaɗin tsuntsaye game da haɗari tun kafin maƙiyi ya bayyana, kuma za su iya gudanar da tashi sama da ɗaukar sasan zuwa amintaccen wuri.

Koyaya, babban makiyin geese har yanzu mutum ne da ayyukansa. Duk da cewa an hana farautar gyada wannan nau'in, babu wanda yayi la'akari da yawan mutane da masu farauta suka kashe a shekara. Tun da farko, lokacin da aka ba da izinin farautar waɗannan tsuntsayen, geese kusan an gama da su ta hanyar farautar su. Wani abu mara kyau kuma shi ne ci gaban gidajen tsuntsaye da mutane suka yi. Haɗin mai da iskar gas a wuraren da ke sheƙan, gina masana'antu da sifofi.

Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin

Hoto: Menene jan goshi mai ɗanɗano?

Red-breasted geese tsuntsaye ne masu wuya. Branta ruficollis yana da kariyar matsayi na nau'ikan halittu masu rauni, jinsin da yake gab da bacewa. Zuwa yau, wannan jinsin yana cikin littafin Red Book na Rasha, kuma ana kiyaye tsuntsayen wannan nau'in. Kamawa, da farautar tsuntsaye an haramta su a duk duniya. Baya ga Littafin Ja, an sanya wannan nau'in a cikin Rataye zuwa Yarjejeniyar Bonn da Rataye 2 na taron SIETES, wanda ke ba da tabbacin hana fatauci a cikin wannan nau'in tsuntsaye. Duk wadannan matakan an dauke su ne saboda gaskiyar cewa daga karshen shekarar 1950 zuwa 1975, yawan jinsin ya ragu sosai da kusan kashi 40% kuma tsuntsayen da suka manyanta dubu 22 da 28 ne kawai suka rage daga tsuntsaye manya manya dubu 50.

Yawancin lokaci, tare da amfani da matakan kiyaye yanayin, yawan jinsunan ya karu zuwa manya dubu 37. Koyaya, wannan adadi shima yayi ƙasa sosai. Tsuntsaye basu da inda zasu kiwo. Saboda isowar mutane cikin mazaunin halittar tsuntsaye da canjin yanayi, shafukan yanar gizo na zama ƙasa da ƙasa. Masana kimiyya sunyi jayayya cewa saboda ɗumamar yanayi, yankin tundra yana raguwa cikin sauri. Hakanan, yawan jinsin yana da matukar tasiri ta yawan samfuran samson. Tsuntsaye suna zama kusa da su kuma suna fadawa karkashin kariyar su, tare da raguwar yawan waɗannan masu farautar, ya zama da wuya ga geese ya rayu a cikin daji, kuma wannan ma yana shafar yawan jama'a.

A yau geese na wannan nau'in suna cikin kariya kuma ana ɗaukar matakan kariya iri iri a kansu. Wasu shafukan yanar gizo suna cikin wuraren da aka kiyaye da wuraren ajiya. An haramta kama tsuntsaye don gidan namun daji, farauta da sayar da tsuntsaye a ko'ina cikin ƙasarmu. Ana yin kiwon tsuntsaye a cikin wuraren nursery inda suke hayayyafa cikin nasara kuma daga baya a sake su cikin daji.

Kariyar jan-breasted geese

Hotuna: -unƙwasa mai Redaure daga Littafin Ja

Ayyukan ɗan Adam a wani lokaci kusan halakar da yawan jan zaren jan nama, suma sun taimaka don ceton waɗannan tsuntsayen daga hallaka gaba ɗaya. Bayan gabatar da dokar hana farauta, tarko da sayar da tsuntsaye, yawan jinsin ya fara karuwa a hankali. Tun 1926, masu lura da tsuntsaye suna kiwo wadannan tsuntsayen a tsare. A karo na farko ya juya don tattara ɗayan waɗannan tsuntsayen masu rikon amana a cikin sanannen gandun daji na Trest, wanda ke Ingila. Farkon zuriyar tsuntsayen wannan nau'in a cikin ƙasarmu an fara karɓar su a Zoo Moscow a 1959. A yau, tsuntsaye sun sami nasarar hayayyafa a cikin gidajen nurso da zoo, bayan haka masana kimiyyar halittar jiki sukan daidaita kajin da daji kuma su sake su a wuraren da suke.

A wuraren da wadannan tsuntsayen ke shekeke, an samar da wuraren adana da kuma yankuna masu kare yanayi, inda tsuntsayen za su iya rayuwa kuma su hayayyafa. Hakanan an girka wasu yankuna masu kariya a filayen hunturu don tsuntsaye. Dukkanin tsuntsayen an dauke su karkashin kulawa, kuma yawan mutane, hanyoyin kaura, yanayin rayuwar tsuntsaye a gidajen su da wuraren hunturu ana karkashin kulawar masanan.

Don kiyaye yawan tsuntsaye, dukkanmu muna bukatar yin taka-tsantsan da yanayin, ba ƙoƙarin gurɓata mahalli ba. Gina wuraren shan magani a masana'antu don kada sharar kayayyakin ta shiga cikin ruwa kuma kada ta gurɓata mahalli. Yi amfani da madadin mai. Gwada sake amfani da shara da sake sarrafa su. Wadannan matakan za su taimaka ba wai kawai dawo da yawan giwar ba, har ma da saukaka rayuwa ga dukkan mai rai.

Red-breasted Goose kyakkyawan tsuntsu mai kyau. Suna da hankali sosai, suna da nasu hanyoyin rayuwa a cikin daji, amma, akwai wasu dalilai wadanda duk wata hanyar kariya ba su da karfi, kamar canjin yanayi, farauta da isowar mutane cikin wuraren tsuntsaye.Mutane na iya kare jan-nau'in nonon, da kuma dawo da yawan wadannan tsuntsayen, bari mu yi shi don tsararraki masu zuwa.

Ranar bugawa: 07.01.

Ranar da aka sabunta: 09/13/2019 a 16:33

Pin
Send
Share
Send

Kalli bidiyon: Nebraska duckgoose river Hunting Clean u0026 Cook (Nuwamba 2024).