Ruff- kifi ne da aka saba da shi wanda aka samo shi a cikin ruwa mai tsabta na koguna da tabkuna a Rasha, inda ƙasan yashi ne ko duwatsu. Kifin ya shahara ne da jijiyar wuya. Waɗannan dangi ne na perch, waɗanda a lokaci guda suna da sifofi masu rarrabe masu haske. Ana amfani dasu sosai a cikin masana'antar kamun kifi saboda dandanonsu.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Ruff
Ruffs suna cikin nau'in kifin mai rai-finned. Suna cikin dangi ne. A lokaci guda, ana ɗaukarsu ɗayan mafi ƙarancin wakilan wannan rukuni. Kifin ruwa mai rai wanda ke rayuwa a cikin ruwaye daban-daban na Turai, da kuma Asiya ta Tsakiya.
Yana da al'ada don rarrabe nau'ikan nau'ikan 4 kawai:
- talakawa;
- ba da;
- taguwar ruwa;
- Czech
Bidiyo: Ruff
Dabbobi biyu na farko ne kawai aka samo a yankin ƙasar Rasha. An rarraba ko'ina cikin Rasha, musamman a cikin ɓangaren tsakiya. Jinsunan hunturu musamman masu ban sha'awa.
Wannan yana faruwa a matakai da yawa:
- ruffs sun sami wuri a cikin ruwa mara zurfi, kusa da inda akwai rami, guguwa, damuwa;
- kafin kandami ya fara toshe kankara, suna cikin ruwa mara zurfi, a hankali suna motsawa zuwa gefen ramin;
- tare da kankara ta farko, ruffs ɗin suna zamewa cikin ramin kuma a can an jeru cikin layuka;
- a hankali kifin ya ki abinci gaba daya har sai ya narke.
Idan tafki bai daskare ba, to ruff zai iya ci gaba da ciyarwa, amma ba kamar yadda yake a wasu lokuta na shekara ba.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Yaya ruff yake
Wasu suna la'akari da ruff dangane da kamanninsu a matsayin na farko. A zahiri, wannan ba haka bane kwata-kwata. Wakilan wannan jinsin suna da siffofin halayyar su (har ma da ƙaya). Kowane jinsi kuma yana da nasa siffofin daban. Yawancin lokaci ruffs suna da launin toka-kore tare da launin ruwan kasa a gefen. Jikin ruff gajere ne kuma an matse shi a gefunan. Girman jikin ruff a matsakaici daidai yake da sulusi ɗaya na tsawon jikinsa.
Jaws na ruff an sanye shi da hakora irin na bristle, canines basa nan. Kan ya ƙare tare da ɗan lankwashe bakinsa-hanci. "Katin ziyartar" na ruff ƙaya ne. Suna kan farfajiyar kafaɗar fata, ƙoshin baya da ƙoshin lafiya. A matsakaici, ruff zai iya girma zuwa 19 cm, yayin da nauyinsa bai wuce gram 300 ba. A wasu hanyoyin, zaku iya samun bayanin cewa akwai kamun ludayin mutane har zuwa 30 cm tsawo kuma yana auna zuwa 0.5 kg.
Kusan dukkan nau'ikan ruffles suna da kamanni iri ɗaya. Babban bambance-bambance kawai a cikin ƙananan sigogi. A lokaci guda, bayyanar raɗaɗɗun raƙuman ruwa, waɗanda ke da ratsi na halaye a gefuna, ya shahara musamman.
Hakanan akwai ƙarin siffofin halayyar waɗannan kifin:
- babban kai, wanda girmansa ya kai kashi uku cikin uku na jiki;
- launi mai duhu na kai da fika-fikai;
- shuɗin ido mai haske;
- finafinan gefe suna canza launi;
- ƙarin spines a kan gills, wanda zai iya bude idan kifi ji hatsari.
Duk sifofin bayyanar ruffs suna da alaƙa da mazauninsu, kuma sun zama dole don tabbatar da matakin kariya daidai.
A ina ruff yake rayuwa?
Photo: Ruff cikin ruwa
Ruffs suna rayuwa ne kawai cikin ruwa mai kyau. Basu shiga tekun kwata-kwata. Wakilan wannan nau'in sun fi son zama a ƙasan. Ainihin, suna samun zurfin ruwa inda ruwan yake sharewa musamman. Kusa da bakin tafki, kusan ba su dace ba. Wurare masu saurin tafiya ba sa jan hankali. Ari da yawa suna ƙoƙari su sami wuraren shiru inda ruwa yake da sanyi sosai.
Kifin ba shi da girman kai dangane da yanayin rayuwa. Ruffs na iya rayuwa daidai har ma a cikin kogunan da suke ƙazantar da sharar cikin birane - waɗannan sam ba sa shafar ingancin rayuwarsu, idan gurɓataccen yanayi ne. Mafi mahimmanci ga rayuwar yau da kullun ta ruff shine isashshen oxygen a cikin ruwa. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa kifi baya rayuwa cikin ruwan tsafta kwata-kwata. Amma ruffs suna son tafkuna da tabkuna tare da ruwan famfo, sun fi son zama a can kusa da ƙasan yadda zai yiwu.
Fiye da duka, ruffs suna son ruwan sanyi. Da farkon bazara, an tilasta musu su nemi wuraren da suka fi sanyi, ko kuma kifin ya zama mai saurin kasala, a hankali. Wannan na faruwa idan ruwan ya dumama sama da digiri 20 a ma'aunin Celsius. A lokacin kaka, lokacin da kankara ke fara farawa, kuma a lokacin bazara, ruff na iya rayuwa cikin ruwa mara ƙarancin gaske. Sauran lokaci, ya yi masa zafi can. A lokacin hunturu, ruffs suna zuwa zurfin zurfafawa kuma suna yin duk lokacin hunturu a can.
Toari da yawan zafin jiki na ruwa, rashin haƙurin haske mai ƙarfi yana tilasta ruff zama kusa da ƙasan. Wannan nau'in yana son duhu. Wannan kuma yana da alaƙa da gaskiyar cewa wuraren da aka fi so na ruffs sune guguwa, manyan bankunan, itacen busasshiyar itace. Ruffs ba sa ƙaura a kan nesa mai nisa.
Yanzu kun san inda aka samo ruff. Bari mu ga abin da wannan kifin yake ci.
Menene ruff yake ci?
Photo: Ruff kifi
Ruffs ne predators. Ba su taɓa cin abincin tsire ba. Asali, ruffs yana cinye ƙananan ɓawon burodi, kazalika da ƙwayoyin kwari. Amma mafi haɗari ga yanayi gabaɗaya shine ruffs na iya cinye caviar, samari har ma da wasu ƙananan kifi don abinci. Saboda wannan, suna iya haifar da babbar illa ga sauran alumma.
Idan akwai ruff da yawa a cikin tafkin, wannan yana haifar da haɗari ga wasu nau'in dake rayuwa a wurin. Waɗannan su ne benthophages - masu farauta waɗanda galibi ke cin mazaunan benthic. Amma a lokaci guda, a wasu yanayi, suna iya cin ƙwarin da suka faɗi saman ruwan. Musamman galibi irin waɗannan kwarin sukan tattara ta soya da samari, waɗanda ba zasu iya farautar manyan kifayen ba.
Gabaɗaya, zaɓin wane irin abinci ne ya dogara da girman kifin. Rotifers shine babban abincin ga sabbin ruff. Ya fi girma cin abinci a kan ƙananan ɓawon burodi, daphnia, cyclops, da ƙwarin jini. Grownaramar ruffs kamar tsutsotsi ko leda. Amma manya manyan mutane sun fi son farautar ƙananan kifi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Ruffs suna da kyau sosai. Suna ciyarwa duk tsawon shekara, gami da lokacin hunturu, lokacin da kusan duk wasu nau'in sun zabi tsallake abinci. Abin da ya sa haɓakar ruffs ke ci gaba koyaushe.
Amma a lokaci guda, abu mafi wahala a wannan lokaci shine kawai neman abinci domin su ciyar da kansu, saboda a zahiri basa jin ƙoshi. Amma saboda rayuwa mai aiki, ruffs ba su da saukin kamuwa da kiba kamar sauran kifaye. Fiye da duka, ruff yana farauta da yamma - yana da matukar dacewa ga neman abinci don waɗannan kifin.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Ruff na iya farauta cikin cikakken duhu. Baya buƙatar gani don neman ganima. Wani wakilin jama'a yana da irin wannan layin na gaba wanda yake kama ko da ƙaramar canjin ruwa a cikin ruwa, yana taimakawa gane kusancin ganima ko da a nesa mai nisa.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Ruff a Rasha
Ruff yana son ruwan sanyi. Lokacin da ruwan da ke tafkin ya zama da dumi sosai, sai ya tafi bakin rafukan ko ɓoye a ƙarƙashin bogin. A can zai iya jira duk lokacin rani idan yana zaune a cikin ruwa mara zurfin ruwa. Wani kuma wanda ba ya son ruwan dumi yana zaune a wurin - mormysh, wanda kawai ya zama babban abinci na ruff a wannan lokacin. Idan za ta yiwu, zai iya barin tabkuna a cikin gadon kogin a lokacin bazara ya tafi can zuwa madatsar ruwa ta gaba, inda daga nan zai iya samun tabki mafi zurfi, don ya iya jiran lokacin bazara a ranarta.
Idan ya cancanta, ruff yana iya zama a wuraren saurin yanayi. Amma, kamar yawan sauran kifin na ƙasa, a can yana ƙoƙari ya ɗanɗana da wani irin yunƙuri, babban dutse, ƙyalli don ɓoyewa a bayansa kuma ya ji daɗi a cikin irin wannan keɓantaccen wurin. Gabaɗaya, ruffs kifi ne mai nutsuwa. Suna da jituwa da juna tsakanin mutane ɗaya. Ko da kuwa ina zaune a wani wuri na shekaru daban-daban da girma iri-iri, ba sa rikici da juna kuma ba sa gasa. Amma a lokaci guda, a cikin mazaunin ruff yawan jama'a, ban da burbot, da wuya kowa ya iya jituwa. Kar ka manta cewa ruffs har yanzu masu farauta ne.
Ruffs galibi basa son canza mazauninsu. Gabaɗaya, ba su da halin ƙaura. Suna yin wannan ne kawai ta hanyar tilas, lokacin da ruwan ya zafafa har zuwa mawuyacin hali. A wannan yanayin, ruffs suna zuwa wasu yankuna don neman yanayin mai sanyaya. Lokacin rani ya wuce kuma kaka ta zo, ruffs zasu fara aiki tare, suna zaɓar mazaunin kansu da wadataccen abinci. Af, a wannan lokacin ne suke zama ganima cikin sauƙi, don haka babban kamun ruffs yana tsakiyar kaka.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Manyan kifaye sun tafi hutun hunturu zuwa ƙasan tafkunan a baya sama da kifin kifi.
Farkon ruwa ruwa ne gwargwado. Ya faru cewa iska mai ƙarfi tana jefa ruffs akan ƙasa, wanda ba shi da lokaci don barin ruwan zurfin zuwa zurfin.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Ruff a cikin kogin
Ruffs koyaushe suna zuwa don haɓaka a farkon bazara. A cikin tabkuna ko tafkuna, wannan yana faruwa a farkon fara narkewar kankara. Amma a cikin koguna - har zuwa kusan ambaliyar ruwa. Kusan ƙarshen Maris-farkon Afrilu shine farkon spawning. Ruffs ba su da shiri na musamman don wannan matakin. Zasu iya haihuwa a cikin kowane yanki na tafki. Ruffs spawn da dare ko kuma a kalla a yamma. A baya can, kifayen suna taruwa a cikin makarantu na dubban mutane da suka balaga.
Femaleaya mace a lokaci guda na iya yin ƙwai dubu 50-100, waɗanda ke haɗuwa da membrane guda ɗaya. Duwatsu, algae ko busasshiyar itace, da sauran abubuwan da basu dace ba a ƙasan wurare ne masu kyau don haɗa ƙwai. Soya ƙyanƙyashe bayan kimanin makonni 2. Kusan nan da nan, suna fara haɓaka rayayye da kansu: ciyarwa da girma. Mutum a cikin shekaru 2-3 ana ɗaukar shi mai balagagge ne ta hanyar jima'i. Amma a lokaci guda, shirye-shiryen kiwo cikin ruffs sam bai dogara da shekaru kawai ba. Tsawon jiki shima abu ne mai tantancewa. An yi imanin cewa saboda wannan, kifin yana buƙatar girma har zuwa cm 10-12. Amma da irin wannan tsayin, mace ba za ta iya yin ƙwai da yawa ba a lokacin da ta fara haihuwa.
Ruffs ba su da shekaru ɗari ko kaɗan. Ruff mace na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 11 gwargwadon iko, amma namiji ba ya rayuwa fiye da 8. A lokaci guda, bisa ga ƙididdiga, kifi ya mutu a cikin yanayin yanayi da wuri sosai fiye da wannan zamanin. Fiye da 90% na ruffs waɗanda ke faruwa a cikin yanayi mutane ne waɗanda ba su kai shekara 3 ba. Yawancin kifin matasa ba sa rayuwa zuwa tsufa saboda gasa ta ɗabi'a mai aiki, cututtuka da ƙarancin iskar oxygen, abinci a lokacin sanyi. Wannan shine ainihin abin da ke bayanin irin waɗannan ƙwai masu yawa waɗanda aka sa su cikin kama ɗaya. Yawancin lokaci, kawai 1-2 daga cikinsu zasu tsira har zuwa girma.
Abokan gaba na ruffs
Photo: Ruff kifi
Dayawa sunyi imanin cewa Ruffs, albarkacin ƙayarsu, ana kiyaye su gaba ɗaya daga abokan gaba. A gaskiya, wannan ba haka bane. Kodayake suna da ƙayayyun ƙaya, amma suna da abokan gaba da yawa a cikin daji. Daban-daban nau'ikan kifaye masu cutarwa suna da haɗari a gare su. Pike perch, catfish da burbot suna da haɗari musamman ga samari masu ruwu. Suna kai hari ruffs lokacin da ƙayarsu ba ta yi yawa ba - to ba za su iya haifar da haɗari ga abokin hamayya ba.
A lokaci guda, a ƙarƙashin yanayi, babban haɗarin ruffs ba ma kifi da yawa kamar tsuntsaye (tsuntsaye). Hannun ƙarfe, cormorants, storks a sauƙaƙe suna kama ruff da suka zo kusa da gabar. Bugu da ƙari, yawancin kifin da aka kama matasa ruffs ne kuma soya. Wannan yana da haɗari musamman ga yawan kifin gaba ɗaya.
A saboda wannan dalili, ruffs suna cikin matsakaiciyar wuri a cikin cikakken ƙididdigar sarkar abinci ta halitta. Bugu da kari, ana daukar mutane a matsayin abokan gaban jama'a. Dalilin shi ne farautar farauta. Ana kama Ruffs a raye don dalilai daban-daban, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa lambobin su ke raguwa. Amma ba wai kawai a wannan batun ba, mutum yana cutar da jinsin.
Dalilin kuma a gurbacewar muhalli. Ruffs na iya rayuwa ne kawai a cikin ruwa mai tsabta. Idan mutum ya fara gurɓata ruwa da sauri, to wakilan wannan nau'in na iya mutuwa. Don haka, mutum yana haifar da cutarwa kai tsaye amma kuma kai tsaye ba ga yawan ruff ba.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Yaya ruff yake
A yau yana da matukar wahala a kimanta ainihin adadin ruff a cikin yanayi. Dalili kuwa shine suna zaune cikin ruwa da yawa. Yana da wuya ma a yi tunanin a cikin su mutum nawa ne waɗannan kifayen za su iya rayuwa. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ba zai yiwu a lissafa yawan mutane a yanayi ba.
A lokaci guda, muna iya cewa da tabbaci cewa matsayin yawan jama'a yana da matukar damuwa. Ruffs suna cikin nau'in kifin, wanda yawansu yana raguwa da sauri saboda haka yana buƙatar kariya mai aiki daga hukumomin gwamnati.
Ruffs suna shahara kamar abun kamun kifi. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin yanayin wucin gadi, waɗannan kifayen ba sa kiwo a gonaki. Mutanen da aka kama a cikin yanayin yanayi kawai ake cinyewa don abinci. Abin da ya sa yawansu ke raguwa cikin sauri. Kari akan haka, a cikin yanayin yanayi, suma suna fuskantar hadari da yawa, wanda shine ainihin abin da wannan yanayin yake da alaka da shi.
Idan baku ɗauki kowane mataki ba, ba da daɗewa ba yawancin rarar kuɗi ko ma nau'ikan ruffs gaba ɗaya zasu ɓace. Amma idan yawan kifin da aka kama zai iya zama aƙalla an daidaita shi a matakin doka, iyakance wannan batun, to babu abin da za a iya yi game da maƙiyan wannan kifin.
Ruff mai gadi
Hotuna: Ruff daga Littafin Ja
Zuwa yau, ruff an lasafta shi a cikin Red Book kawai sashi. Ma'anar ita ce, ba a ɗaukar irin waɗannan matakan a duk jihohi, kuma ya shafi wasu ƙananan kifi ne kawai. A baya can, Ruff-Nosar ne kawai aka fi tsaro. Da farko, an shiga cikin Red Book of Ukraine. Wannan shine kawai nau'ikan ruffs, wanda aka rarraba a cikin kogin Ukraine, kuma a can an yarda da shi a hukumance azaman nau'in haɗari.
Sannan Ruff-nosar (Don) shima an saka shi cikin littafin Red Book a Rasha. An san shi azaman nau'in haɗari mai saurin haɗuwa saboda kamun kifi mai aiki. Tun zamanin da, ana ɗaukar ruffs a matsayin abinci mai kyau, amma a lokaci guda suna da araha. An kama wannan kifin a cikin shekaru da yawa. a cikin wannan haɗin, yawanta yana raguwa sosai cikin sauri. Don magance matsalar, ana ƙirƙirar gonaki na musamman akan abin da ake yin nau'in wannan nau'in don amfani dashi azaman abinci.
A karkashin yanayin yanayi, kamun ruffs yana da iyakancewa. Lokaci na musamman ne, da kuma hanyar kama wakilan jama'a. Yana da mahimmanci a kiyaye haramtaccen tsari game da kama waɗannan kifin a lokacin ɓatancin. Waɗannan kifayen kuma suna jan hankalin mutane da yawa saboda bayyanar asalinsu na asali, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa wasu lokuta ana kama su don ƙirƙirar sana'o'in.
Ta wannan hanyar, ruff an dade da amincewa da shi azaman kifi ne wanda ke buƙatar kariya ta musamman daga jihar. Wadannan kyawawan kifaye suna daukar hankali sosai dangane da bayyanar su da kuma yanayin kamun kasuwanci. Amma don kiyaye yawan jama'a a matakin da ya dace, ya kamata a kula don tabbatar da cewa waɗannan ma'aunan suna da iyakancewa kuma ana iya sarrafa su da ƙarfi.
Ranar bugawa: 09.12.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 12/15/2019 a 21:24
