Gagant Achatina - babban wakilin gidan Akhatin. Waɗannan katantanwa na iya yin girma har zuwa 25 cm a tsayi. A mafi yawan ƙasashe, ana ɗaukar su a matsayin kwari masu haɗari kuma an hana shigo da waɗannan katantanwa zuwa Amurka, China da sauran ƙasashe da yawa. A cikin ƙasarmu, waɗannan katantanwa ba za su iya rayuwa a cikin mahalli na asali ba saboda yanayin sanyi mai sanyi, saboda haka an yarda su kiyaye su kamar dabbobin gida. Waɗannan katantanwa kuma an girma don amfani dasu a girki da kayan kwalliya.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Giant Achatina
Achatina fulica ko Achatina ƙaton kuma suna da suna Giant Afirka katantanwa gastropod mollusk mallakar umarnin katantanwa na huhu, sub-stalk-eyed, the Achatina family, a ዓይነቶች of giant Achatina. Katantanwa tsohuwar halittu ce, masana kimiyya sun tabbatar da cewa gastropods sun rayu a duniyarmu kimanin shekaru miliyan 99 da suka gabata.
Bidiyo: Gagant Achatina
Kakannin katantanwa na zamani sune tsoffin ammonites, ɗayan tsoffin zubi da ke rayuwa a duniya daga Devonian har zuwa lokacin Kretaceous na zamanin Mesozoic. Tsoffin molluscs sun bambanta sosai daga katantanwar zamani a cikin duka halaye da halaye. An fara nazarin jinsunan katunan katantanwa na Afirka kuma aka bayyana su a cikin 1821 daga masanin zoology daga Faransa André Etienne.
Achatina fulica ya hada da wadannan nau'ikan:
- achatina fulica wannan jinsin ya hada da kusan dukkan katantanwa wadanda basa zama a Afirka, kuma suna da halayyar halayya. A cikin wannan nau'ikan, harsashin ya dan kankance kuma bakin bawo ya fi guntu fiye da katantanwa da ke zaune a Afirka;
- achatina fulica castanea, an bayyana wannan ragin a cikin 1822 ta Lemark. Abubuwan rabe-raben sun bambanta da wasu a launin launuka. Juyawar karshe ta harsashi a katantanwar wannan nau'in yana da launukan kirjin daga sama, kuma daga kasa yana da launin ruwan kasa mai launin ja;
- achatina fulica coloba Pilsbry an bayyana shi a cikin 1904 ta JC Bequaert, wannan nau'ikan ya bambanta ne kawai a cikin girman manya kuma an bayyana shi daga katantanwa da yawa, wanda mai yiwuwa ya rabu da shi ta hanyar kuskure kuma masanin kimiyya ya bayyana ƙaton katuwar Achatina, wanda bai yi girma ba zuwa girmanta saboda rashin kyau yanayi;
- an bayyana achatina fulica hamillei Petit a cikin 1859. Wannan jinsin Afirka ne daban, canza launin wadannan katantanwa iri daya ne da na katantanwa na al'ada;
- an bayyana achatina fulica rodatzi a cikin 1852 a matsayin wasu keɓaɓɓun ƙungiyoyi a cikin tsibirin Zanzibar. Wani fasali na daban na wannan nau'in katantanwa shine launi na harsashi. Harsashin fari ne, an rufe shi da siririn, fararen ƙaho mai launin rawaya. Wataƙila, an gano waɗannan ƙananan ƙananan ta hanyar kuskure, tunda yawancin Achatins da ke rayuwa a cikin ɗumi, bushewar yanayi suna da launi iri ɗaya;
- achatina fulica sinistrosa ba ƙananan yanki bane, amma mawuyacin yanayi ne. A cikin waɗannan katantanwa, bawo an karkatar da su ta kishiyar shugabanci. Kwancen waɗannan katantanwa suna da matukar daraja ga masu tarawa. Koyaya, irin waɗannan katantanwar ba za su iya haifar da ɗa ba, tunda al'aurar wannan nau'in ƙirar tana a gefen da ba daidai ba, wanda ke hana saduwa.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Yaya katuwar Achatina take?
Babbar katantanwa ta Afirka ɗayan ɗayan manyan mollusc ne a duniyar mu. Harsashin katantanwa na manya ya kai 25 cm tsayi. Jikin katantanwa yakai tsawon cm 17. Wata katuwar katantanwa ta Afirka tana iya ɗaukar nauyin kilogram rabin.
Duk jikin katantanwa an lullubeshi da kyakyawa, wanda yake taimakawa katantanwa ya rike danshi ya mike sosai. A gaban jiki akwai ɗan madaidaicin kai wanda yake da ƙananan ƙahoni biyu wanda idanuwan katantan suke. Idanun wadannan kayan kwalliyar ba shi da kyau. Suna iya rarrabe hasken da suke ɓoye daga gare shi, suna tunanin cewa rana ce mai zafi, kuma suna iya ganin hotunan abubuwa a nesa da kusan centimita 1 daga idanunsu. Katantanwa yana da harshe a bakinsa wanda yake da ƙaya. Katantanwa tana ɗauke abinci da sauƙi ta harshenshi. Hakoran katantanwa sun haɗu da chitin, akwai da yawa daga cikinsu kusan 25,000. Da waɗannan haƙoran, katantanwa ke nika abinci mai ƙarfi kamar giya. Koyaya, hakora ba su da kaifi, kuma katantanwa ba za su iya cizon mutum ba.
Theafan katantanwa tana da ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Tare da taimakon ƙafarsa, katantanwa cikin sauƙin motsawa a saman ƙasa kuma a tsaye, kuma har ma yana iya yin bacci juye juye. Don motsi mara zafi a farfajiyar, gland na ciki na katantanwa suna samar da ƙamshi na musamman, wanda aka ɓoye yayin motsin, kuma katantanwar tana yin sama sama da wannan ƙurar, kamar yadda take. Godiya ga ƙashin gam, katantanwa na iya makalewa sosai a saman. Tsarin ciki na katantanwa yana da sauƙi kuma ya ƙunshi zuciya, huhu, da koda ɗaya. Numfashi yana faruwa ta huhu da fata.
Zuciyar katantan ta bugu da jini mai tsabta, wanda a kullun yake shaƙar iska yayin numfashi. Gabobin ciki na katantanwa suna cikin jakar ciki kuma an rufe su da harsashi mai ƙarfi. Launin katuwar Achatina na iya ɗan bambanta gwargwadon yanayin yanayin shaidar a ciki da abin da take ci. A cikin daji, katantanwar katantanwa suna rayuwa kimanin shekaru 10, amma, a gida, waɗannan katantanwa na iya yin tsawon rai.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Katantanwa na wannan nau'in suna da ikon sake haifuwa. A karkashin yanayi mai kyau da yalwar ingantaccen abinci mai kyau, katantanwa na iya gina harsashi mai huhu, ƙahonin karye ko wasu sassan jiki.
Ina katuwar Achatina take?
Hoto: gwarzon Afirka Achatina
Manyan katantanwan Afirka sun kasance suna zaune a gabashin Afirka, wanda suka sami sunan su. Koyaya, ana ɗaukar jinsin Achatina fulica a matsayin nau'in haɗari mai saurin tashin hankali kuma yana saurin yaɗuwa kuma yana mamaye wurare da yawa. A halin yanzu, labarin wadannan katantanwa suna da fadi sosai. Ana iya samun su a Habasha, Kenya, Tanzania, Indiya, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Tahiti, Caribbean har ma da Kalifoniya.
Katantanwa tana sauƙaƙa sabbin abubuwan rayuwa kuma yana dacewa da sababbin yanayin muhalli. Ya rayu musamman a ƙasashe masu dumi, yanayin zafi. A cikin kasashe da dama kamar Amurka, China, da wasu da yawa, an hana shigo da wannan nau'in katantanwa saboda katantanwa kwari ne masu hadari kuma suna dauke da cututtuka masu hadari.
A dabi'a, katantanwa suna zama a cikin ciyawar ciyawa, ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi, kusa da asalin itacen. Da rana, zankaye suna ɓoyewa daga rana a ƙarƙashin ganye, tsakanin ciyawa da duwatsu. Sun fi aiki a lokacin ruwan sama da maraice masu sanyi, idan raɓa ta bayyana akan ciyawa; a wannan lokacin, katantanwa suna rarrafe daga mafakarsu kuma suna nutsuwa cikin nutsuwa don neman abinci. A lokacin zafi, zasu iya fadawa cikin rayarwar da aka dakatar. Yana aiki a yanayin zafi daga digiri 7 zuwa 25. Idan zafin jiki ya sauko ƙasa da digiri 5-7, katantanwa suna zubewa cikin ƙasa kuma suyi bacci.
Yanzu kun san inda aka sami katuwar Achatina. Bari muga me wannan katantanwa take ci.
Me katon Achatina yake ci?
Photo: Giant katantanwa Achatina
Abincin na katantanwar Afirka ya haɗa da:
- 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari masu lalacewa;
- haushi na bishiyoyi;
- rubabben sassan shuke-shuke;
- rake;
- daban-daban ganye;
- ganyen latas;
- ganyen kabeji;
- 'ya'yan itatuwa da ganyen inabi;
- 'ya'yan itace sabo (mangoro, abarba, kankana, ceri, strawberry, kankana, peaches, ayaba, apricot);
- kayan lambu (broccoli, zucchini, kabewa, radishes, kokwamba).
A cikin daji, katantanwa ba ta rarrabewa dangane da abinci kuma suna cin komai a cikin tafarkinsu. Katantanwa suna yin lahani na musamman akan noman rake, da lahani ga lambuna da lambunan kayan lambu. Idan katantanwa ba za su iya samun abinci ba, ko kuma ba sa son yanayin mahalli, sukan yi hirar ne domin su rayu. Wani lokaci, a yanayin tsananin larura, ana iya shigar da katantanwa ta musamman cikin ɓoyewa ta hanyar sauya tsarin yanayin zafin jiki a cikin farfajiyar ta hanyar rage shi zuwa digiri na 5-7, ko kuma kawai ta dakatar da ciyar da dabbar gidan.
Gaskiya ne, yayin bacci, katantanwa tana ba da kuzari sosai kuma maiyuwa ba za ta farka daga dogon bacci ba, don haka ya fi kyau kada a bar dabbar dabbar ta yi bacci na sama da makonni biyu. A cikin kamewa, ana ba da katantanwa na Afirka kayan lambu na zamani da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Wani lokaci ana ba Achatina oatmeal, kwayoyi na ƙasa, alli, kwanon dutse mai laushi da bawon ƙwai na ƙasa, goro.
Kuma kuma ana sanya kwanon sha da ruwa a cikin butar. Katantanwar da suka yanyanka daga ƙwai suna cin bawon ƙwai a kwana biyun farko, da ƙwai waɗanda ba su kyankyashe ba. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, za'a iya basu abinci iri ɗaya da katantanwa manya a cikin yankakken tsari (ya fi kyau a fasa kayan lambu da' ya'yan itatuwa). Bai kamata a yaye ganyen latas da kabeji ba, yara suna da sauƙin sarrafa kansu. Snaananan katantanwa suna buƙatar ciyar da su koyaushe tushen tushen alli don harsashi yayi girma yadda yakamata.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Giant Achatina suna iya rarrabe tsakanin dandano kuma suna da wasu fifiko na dandano. Idan aka kwantar da ita, katantanwa na iya fara ƙin sauran abinci, yana neman a ba ta abin da take so.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Giant Achatina
Katantanwa na Afirka galibi suna zaman kashe wando, kuma a ƙarƙashin kyakkyawan yanayi suna iya ɗaukar kusan dukkan rayuwarsu a wuri ɗaya. Wadannan katantanwa sun fi yawanci kadai, suna jin dadi a tsakanin adadi mai yawa na dangi, suna fuskantar damuwa a cikin taron. Idan katantanwa basu da isasshen sarari don sasantawa, zubi zasu iya yin ƙaura zuwa wuri guda.
Irin waɗannan ƙaura yawanci ana samun su ne a lokacin saurin ƙaruwar jama'a cikin sauri. Waɗannan katantanwa suna aiki da sassafe da maraice, lokacin da yake sanyi har yanzu kuma akwai raɓa a kan ciyawa. Hakanan katantanwa suna aiki yayin ruwan sama. A lokacin zafin rana, katantanwa suna hutawa daga rana a bayan duwatsu da ganyen itace. Katantanwa na manya wani lokaci sukan shirya wa kansu wurare na musamman don su huta, kuma suyi ƙoƙari kada suyi rarrafe nesa da waɗannan wurare. Yara ba sa sabawa da wuraren hutawa kuma suna iya yin tafiya mai nisa. Katantanwa ƙalilai ne masu jinkiri, suna rarrafe a cikin saurin 1-2 m / min.
Don hunturu, katantanwa sau da yawa suna hibernate. Ganin digon zafin jiki, katantanwa ya fara tonowa kansa rami a cikin ƙasa. Burrow na iya zama zurfin zurfin 30-50 cm. Katantanwar ta hau ramin hutu, ya binne ƙofar ramin. Tana rufe ƙofar zuwa harsashin tare da fim mai laushi wanda ya ƙunshi gamsai kuma ta yi barci. Achatina tana fitowa daga ɓoyewa a cikin bazara. A cikin bauta, Achatina na iya yin bacci saboda mummunan yanayi, rashin lafiya, ko damuwa. Kuna iya tayar da katantanwa kawai ta hanyar sanya shi ƙarƙashin rafin ruwan dumi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Katantanwa suna da kyau wurin ganowa kuma suna iya gano wurin hutawa ko burrow.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Giant Achatina katantanwa
Achatina suna da tabbaci. Katantanwa sun shafe yawancin rayuwarsu su kaɗai, wani lokacin katantanwa na iya rayuwa biyu-biyu. Ba a gina iyalai ba; kwalliya ba ta da tsarin zamantakewa. Wasu lokuta katantanwa na iya rayuwa biyu-biyu. Idan babu abokin tarayya, Achatina a matsayin hermaphrodites suna da ikon yin takin kan kan gado. Tunda duk Achatina hermaphrodites ne, manyan mutane suna aiki kamar na mata, wannan ya faru ne saboda ƙwai da ƙulla ƙira suna ɗaukar kuzari mai yawa, kuma raunanan mutane ba za su iya jimre wannan manufa ba. Idan manyan mutane sun sadu, to hadi biyu zai yiwu. Katantanwa sun kai ga balagar jima’i yana da shekara shida zuwa watanni 14.
Yin jima'i a cikin katuwar katantanwa na Afirka kamar haka: katantanwa wacce a shirye take don hayayyafar zuriya a cikin da'ira kaɗan ta haɓaka gaban ɓangaren jiki gaba. Katantanwar tana rarrafe a hankali, wani lokacin takan tsaya, idan sun haɗu da katantanwa ɗaya, sai su fara rarrafe a cikin da'ira, suna jin juna kuma suna sadarwa. Wannan sananniyar tana ɗaukar awanni da yawa. Bayan katantanwa suna manne da juna sosai. Haɗa ɗaya ya isa don katantanwa don haɗuwa da yawa. Kusan kusan shekaru biyu, katantanwa zata yi amfani da maniyyin da aka karɓa don takin sabbin ƙwai.
Babbar katantanwar Afirka tana da daɗi a lokaci guda, katantanwar tana yin ƙwai 200 zuwa 300. Katantanwa ta haifar da gwanin gini a cikin ƙasa. Tana haƙa rami mai zurfin inci 30, tare da kwalliyarta tana yin bangon ramin, tana yin su don kada ƙasa ta faɗi. Katantanwa sai tayi ƙwai. Samuwar mason yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo kuma yana ɗaukar ƙoƙari sosai. Wasu katantanwa, bayan sun kwan ƙwai, na iya zama masu rauni har su mutu ba tare da barin burukan su ba.
Tare da oviposition mai kyau, mace tana barin burrow, tana rufe ƙofar zuwa gare ta. Katantanwa ba ta sake komawa ga zuriyarsa ba, tunda ƙananan katantanwa, waɗanda suka fara ƙwai daga ƙwai, suna da ikon rayuwa mai zaman kanta. Qwai na ƙaton Achatina suna da ɗan kama da ƙwai kaza, sura iri ɗaya ne da launi, ƙarami ne kaɗan, kimanin 6 mm a tsayi, an rufe shi da harsashi mai ƙarfi.
Kwai ya kunshi amfrayo, protein, da shell. Lokacin shiryawa shine makonni 2 zuwa 3. Lokacin da katantanwa ta kwai daga kwai, sai ta cinye kwan nata, ta haƙo cikin ƙasa ta yi rarrafe. A shekarun farko, katantanwa suna girma cikin sauri. A ƙarshen shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa, haɓakar katantanwa yana raguwa sosai, amma, kuma manya suna ci gaba da girma.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Idan ƙananan katantanwa suka firgita ko suka firgita da wani abu, suna fara yin kuwwa da ƙarfi kuma suna rarrafe a cikin da'ira. Manya sun fi natsuwa kuma ba sa yin haka.
Abokan gaba na katuwar Achatina
Photo: Yaya katuwar Achatina take
Giant Achatinas kyawawan halittu ne marasa kariya waɗanda ke da 'yan maƙiya kaɗan.
Abokan gaba na katuwar Achatina sune:
- tsuntsaye masu farauta;
- kadangaru da sauran dabbobi masu rarrafe;
- dabbobi masu shayarwa;
- manyan katantanwa masu farauta
Yawancin masu farauta suna son yin liyafa a kan waɗannan kwalliyar a cikin mazauninsu, amma, a wasu ƙasashe inda aka shigo da waɗannan katantanwa, ba a sami abokan gaba ba kuma waɗannan katantanwa, suna haɓaka cikin sauri, sun zama ainihin bala'i ga aikin noma.
Babban cututtukan da ke barazanar waɗannan halittu sune fungal da parasitic. Girman katantanwa na Afirka yana da nau'in nau'in tsutsotsi iri-iri. Kwayoyin cuta masu saurin yaduwa sune trematode da nematode tsutsotsi. Tsutsotsi suna rayuwa a cikin kwasfa da kuma jikin katantanwa. Wannan "unguwar" tana da mummunan tasiri a kan katantanwa, ta daina cin abincin sai ta zama mai gajiya. Hakanan katantanwa zai iya harba mutane da dabbobi da helminth.
Sau da yawa shuki yana girma akan harsashin katantanwa, yana da haɗari sosai ga dabbar dabbar, amma yana da sauƙin warkar da shi, ya isa kawai a tsabtace shi da kyau a cikin terrarium ta wanke ƙasa a cikin wani bayani na sinadarin potassium da kuma yin wanka da katantanwa a cikin haɓakar chamomile. Giant Achatina na dauke da cututtuka irin su sankarau, mai hadari ga mutane, da sauransu.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Giant Achatina
Babbar katantanwar Afirka sune mafi yawan nau'ikan. Matsayin halittar Achatina fulica shine nau'ikan da basu da damuwa. Yawan wannan nau'in ba shi da barazanar komai. A cikin daji, mollusks suna jin daɗi, ƙaruwa da sauri, kuma a sauƙaƙe suna dacewa da mummunan yanayin muhalli.
Jinsin yana da hadari sosai; wannan jinsin yana yaduwa sakamakon aikin mutum, da sauri yake daukar sabbin kwayoyin halitta kuma yana da hatsarin kwaro na noma. Bugu da kari, katantanwa masu dauke da cututtuka masu hadari da yawa kamar su sankarau da sauransu. Sabili da haka, a cikin ƙasashe da yawa tare da yanayi mai ɗumi, keɓe keɓance yana aiki kuma an hana shigo da katantanwa. An haramta shigo da katantanwa cikin waɗannan ƙasashe koda a matsayin dabbobin gida, kuma lokacin da aka kai kan iyaka tare da waɗannan ƙasashen, ayyukan kan iyakokin sun lalata katantanwa, kuma za a hukunta masu keta - tarar ko ɗaurin shekaru 5, ya danganta da ƙasar.
A Rasha, katantanwar katantanwa ta Afirka ba za su iya rayuwa a cikin daji ba, don haka a nan an ba shi izinin samun Achatina a matsayin dabbobi. Koyaya, yana da kyau a tuna cewa waɗannan katantanwan suna ninka cikin sauri, kuma suna daidaita adadin katantanwa. Waɗannan katantanwa suna da kyau dabbobi.Ko da yaro zai iya kula da su, 'yan kwalliyar sun san maigidansu kuma suna kula da shi sosai. Saboda yawan haihuwarsu, ana rarraba katantanwa tsakanin masu kiwo galibi kyauta, ko don farashin alama.
A ƙarshe, Ina so in faɗi haka katuwar Achatina ban da cutar da noma, hakanan yana kawo fa'idodi masu yawa, kasancewar nau'ikan tsari ne na wurare masu zafi. Katantanwa suna cin fruitsa fruitsan itace, shuke-shuke da ciyawa, duk abin da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ke haifuwa. Bugu da kari, katantanwa suna samar da wani abu na musamman da ake kira collagen, wanda mutane ke amfani da shi a kayayyakin kwalliya. A wasu ƙasashe ana cin waɗannan katantanwa kuma ana ɗaukarsu abin ci ne.
Ranar bugawa: 05.12.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 07.09.2019 a 19:57
