Kifi gourami mamaye wuri mai daraja a cikin jerin waɗanda aka fi so aquarists - ƙwararru da masu farawa. Masu farawa suna son gourami saboda yanayin rashin wayewarsu da kwanciyar hankali, kuma ƙwararrun masanan ruwa suna yaba launi da ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa wanda ke jawo hankali ga mazaunan ruwa.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Gourami
An fassara ta a zahiri daga yaren mutanen Javanese, "gourami" na nufin "kifi da ke nuna hancinsa daga farfajiyar ruwa." Haka ne, sunan a kallon farko baƙon abu ne, amma yana da, kamar babu wani, wanda ke jaddada babban fasalin wannan nau'in kifin. Da gaske suna nuna hancinsu daga cikin ruwa! An bayyana wannan fasalin ta gaskiyar cewa gourami yana da kwayar cuta ta musamman - labyrinth na reshe.
Bidiyo: Gourami
Wani lokaci, ichthyologists sunyi imani da cewa wannan kwayar tana ba da damar adana ruwa ta gourami kuma, godiya ga wannan, tsira daga fari. Ko don shawo kan tazara tsakanin bushewar ruwa, kamar masu tsalle laka. Amma kamar yadda aka ƙaddara daga baya, labyrinth na bawa gourami damar haɗiyewa da shaƙar iskar da ke wadatar iskar oxygen ba tare da cutar da lafiya ba. Saboda wannan dalilin ne yasa galibi suke shawagi zuwa saman ruwa kuma suna shaye shayen mai ba da rai.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Idan har samun damar zuwa saman ruwa ke da wuya, gourami na iya mutuwa.
Fasali na biyu na wannan nau'in kifin shine ƙashin ƙugu, wanda aka canza shi yayin aiwatar da juyin halitta. A cikin waɗannan kifin, sun zama siraran sirara masu tsayi kuma suna taka rawar sashin taɓawa. Wannan na'urar tana bawa gourami damar yin zirga-zirga a cikin ruwa mai laka waɗanda suka zama mazauninsu na yau da kullun. Amma koda a cikin yanayin rayuwa a cikin akwatinan ruwa tare da tsaftataccen ruwa, gourami bai daina jin komai da fincin da aka gyara ba.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa sunan "gourami" kansa na gama gari ne. Zaiyi daidai a kira wannan kifin kawai daga jinsin Trichogaster, amma hakan ya faru cewa wakilai daga wasu masu kama da juna aquarists sun fara kira ta kwatankwacin gourami. Don haka, ana iya ɗaukar nau'ikan 4 '' gourami na gaskiya '': launin ruwan kasa, lu'u-lu'u, wata da tabo. Game da duk sauran kifin, bisa kuskure ana kiransa gourami, amma wanda ya zama gama gari, wannan rukunin ya haɗa da sumbatarwa, gunaguni, dwarf, zuma da cakulan.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hoto: Yaya gourami yayi kama
Mafi yawan nau'ikan nau'ikan gourami kifi ne mai matsakaici, wanda ya kai girman 10-12 cm a cikin akwatin kifaye, ba kuma. Kodayake, wani lokacin kuma akwai manyan mutane - alal misali, maciji gourami (tsayin jiki 20-25 cm) ko gourami na kasuwanci (har ma ya kai har 100 cm, amma masanan ruwa ba sa son wannan "dodo").
A cikin sifa, jikin kifin an dan daidaita shi daga ɓangarorin kuma an ɗan tsawanta. Finushin ƙugu yana faruwa daga tsakiyar ciki kuma ya shiga cikin faɗaɗa kusa da wutsiya. Kamar yadda muka gani a sama, yayin juyin halitta, an maye gurbin fikafin filastik da filaye masu tsayi wanda yayi daidai da jiki - an rage mahimmancin ayyukansu zuwa cikar rawar gaɓar taɓawa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Sunan Latin na jinsi Trichogaster an ƙirƙira shi da kalmomin "trichos" - zare da "gaster" - ciki. Tsarin zamani ya wadatar da sauya kalmar "gaster" tare da "podus" - kafa. Bugu da ƙari, ƙashin gashin-baki mai taɓawa, ko da kuwa asara, ya sake sabunta lokaci.
Jima'i yana ƙaddara ta ƙwanƙolin dorsal - a cikin maza yana da tsayi sosai kuma yana nunawa, kuma a cikin “kyakkyawan jima'i” - akasin haka, an zagaye shi.
Launin jikin gourami ya banbanta kuma nau'ikan jinsin ne ke tantance shi. Yawancin nau'ikan launuka iri na gourami an yi kiwon su. Amma duk da wannan bambancin, ana iya gano sifa guda ɗaya - kalar ta maza ta fi ta mata haske sosai. Narkar da sikeli na ma'aunin kifin gourami galibi alama ce ta cututtukan cututtuka.
Yanzu kun san komai game da kifin gourami. Bari mu ga inda aka same su a cikin yanayin su.
Ina gourami yake zaune?
Hotuna: Gourami a Thailand
Duk gourami 'yan asalin asalin ruwan Thailand ne, Vietnam da Malaysia. A can, ana iya samun waɗannan kifin har ma a wuraren da ba su dace ba don rayuwa mai kyau. Gouramis suna bunƙasa a cikin ganga mai ruwan sama, magudanan ruwa mai laka, magudanan ruwa, har ma da gonakin shinkafa da ambaliyar ruwa. Ba abin mamaki bane, fincin gwaiwarsu ya zama gabobi masu ma'ana - wannan ita ce kadai hanyar da za a bi ta ruwa mai datti da laka.
Dangane da wannan gaskiyar, masanin kimiyyar Faransanci Pierre Carbonier, wanda shi ne farkon Bature da ya ba da hankali ga wannan kifin, ya kammala da cewa gourami yana da ƙarfi sosai. Amma bai yi la'akari da wata muhimmiyar hujja ba - bukatun waɗannan kifayen don iska mai iska. Saboda haka, duk ƙoƙarin da masana kimiyya suka yi don isar da wasu samfuran samfuran zuwa Tsohuwar Duniya ya ƙare da bala'i: duk kifin ya mutu a hanya.
Wannan ba abin mamaki bane, saboda an kwato "hijirarrun da aka kama" a cikin ganga da aka zuba zuwa sama kuma an sanya ta hatimi ta jiki. Dangane da haka, an sami mutuwar kifi da yawa - ba za su iya jurewa har zuwa tafiyarsu ta teku ba. Sai bayan da masana ilimin kimiyyar Turai suka tattauna da mazauna yankin kuma suka fahimci asalin sunan wannan kifin, gangawan sun fara cika 2/3 ne kawai, wanda hakan ya ba da damar isar da samfuran farko zuwa kasashen Turai cikin aminci. A shekarar 1896.
Game da yankin yanki na rarraba gourami, waɗannan kifayen yanzu suna zaune kudu maso gabashin Asiya kuma kusan dukkanin tsibirai da ke kusa da yankin yankin. Gourami mai hangen nesa yana faɗin mafi girman kewayon - yana zaune a manyan yankuna da suka faro daga Indiya zuwa tsibirin Malay. Bugu da ƙari, akwai bambancin launuka marasa adadi - dangane da yankin. Game da Sumatra da Borneo sune lu'u lu'u lu'u lu'u gourami. Thailand da Kambodiya gida ne ga gourami na wata.
Saboda rashin wayewarsu, an gabatar da gourami lafiya zuwa wuraren da ba'a taɓa samun su ba: game da. Java, a cikin tabkuna da koguna na Antilles.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Mafi yawanci, bayyanar gourami a cikin waɗancan ruwayen inda bai kamata su kasance ba yana haɗuwa da masanan ruwa suna sakin kifin akwatin kifayen cikin yanayi.
Menene gourami ke ci?
Hoto: kifin gourami
A cikin mazauninsu na yau da kullun, gourami yana cinye nau'ikan invertebrates na cikin ruwa da malava sauro. Kifi da abincin shuke-shuke ba sa rena su - sassan taushin shuke-shuke masu rai sun mallaki wuri mai cancanta a cikin menu. Don haka waɗannan kifin ma suna da mahimmanci game da abinci, tare da zaɓar wurin zama.
Lokacin ajiye gourami a cikin akwatin kifaye, yana da mahimmanci a kula da nau'ikan abinci mai daidaituwa. Tare da ciyarwa na yau da kullun tare da busasshen abinci (daphnia iri ɗaya), ya zama dole a ba da izini don gaskiyar cewa bakin gourami ƙarami ne. Dangane da haka, abincin dole ne ya daidaita shi "a girma".
Wajibi ne don ciyar da su sau 3-4 a rana, amma tsananin sarrafa adadin abincin da aka zuba - kuna buƙatar bayar daidai gwargwadon yadda kifin zai iya ci a aan mintoci kaɗan. In ba haka ba, daphnia da ba za a ci ba zai fara narkewa, wanda zai gurɓata akwatin kifaye da lalata ƙimar ruwa. Babu shakka gouramis zasu rayu, amma za a rusa abubuwan ban sha'awa.
Wani mahimmin mahimmanci game da abinci mai gina jiki na gourami shine cewa waɗannan kifin suna iya jimre doguwar yunwa (har zuwa kwanaki 5-10), kuma ba tare da wani sakamako na lafiya ba. Wannan ya sake magana game da daidaitawa mai ban mamaki da rayuwar gourami.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Pearl Gourami
Jin daɗi mai ban mamaki da kuma kasancewar wani sashin jiki na numfashi na musamman ya sa ya yiwu ya dace da kusan kowane sigogin ruwa kuma a sauƙaƙe ya jure rashin motsi na wucin gadi (kodayake wasu kifaye na masanan ruwa masu ruwa - irin sandunan barbara, takobi da zebrafish - sun mutu da sauri idan babu matattara da mai ba da labari).
Yana da daraja a tabbatar da irin jimirin gourami tare da gaskiya. Don haka, waɗannan kifin suna iya rayuwa ba tare da matsala ba a cikin nau'ikan tauri da alamun acidity.
A wannan yanayin, mafi dacewa sigogi a gare su zasu kasance:
- ruwa mai ɗan kaɗan kaɗan (tare da alamar acid na pH = 6.0-6.8);
- taurin da bai wuce 10 ° dH ba;
- zafin ruwan yana a matakin 25-27 ° С, kuma a lokacin da ake zuriya, ana buƙatar mai ɗumi, har zuwa 28-30 ° С.
Bugu da ƙari, ana ɗaukar tsarin yanayin zafin jiki a matsayin mafi mahimmancin sifa, saboda kifi na wurare masu zafi suna jure rashin talauci, sun fara ciwo. Dangane da haka, a cikin akwatinan ruwa tare da gourami, yanayin zafi ya fi mahimmanci fiye da mai tacewa da mai gabatarwa. A ka'ida, komai ya dace da ainihin yanayin rayuwa.
Fewan ƙarin mahimman fasali waɗanda ke da mahimmanci ga yanayin rayuwar wucin gadi. Yana da matukar mahimmanci sanya algae kai tsaye a cikin akwatin kifayen gouram, sanya su cikin rukuni don akwai sararin yin iyo. Duk da haka - yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da kasancewar ba algae kawai ba, har ma da tsire-tsire masu iyo (Riccia, Pistia).
Mahimmancin irin waɗannan tsirrai shine zasu tausasa haske mai haske, wanda zai bawa maza damar ƙirƙirar gida don yin soya daga kumfa (gourami, kamar mai son iyali, kula da zuriyarsu). Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa tsire-tsire bai kamata ya rufe saman ruwa 100% ba - gourami zai yi iyo daga lokaci zuwa lokaci don haɗiye iska.
Babban mahimmin mahimmanci yayin kiyaye gourami a cikin akwatin kifaye shine kasancewar murfin mayafi. Tare da taimakon wannan na'urar mai sauƙi, zaku iya magance matsaloli 2. Da farko, zaku tabbatar da tsayayyen zafin jiki na yanayin iska tare da saman ruwa - haɗiye irin wannan iska, gourami ba zai lalata labyrinth ɗin su na musamman ba, wanda ke kula da bambancin zafin jiki. Abu na biyu, gilashi zai hana mutuwar ɗaiɗaikun mutane tsalle.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: pairaya daga kifin gourami
Kifin Gourami ya kai ga balagar jima'i a watanni 8-12. A matsayinka na doka, mace tana yin ƙwai sau 4-5 tare da tazarar lokaci na kwanaki 10-12, bayan haka tsarin kiwo ya ƙare. Yawan kwai ya kai kusan 50-200 guda a kowane leda. Bayyanancin jima'i a bayyane yake a bayyane a kusan kusan dukkanin wakilan jinsi Gourami. Baya ga bambance-bambance a cikin sifa da fasalin fin (wanda aka ambata a sama), yayin ɓarna, ma'aunin maza suna samun launi mai haske.
Namiji gourami ne kawai ke shiga cikin halittar gida. Abubuwan don gida shine iska da yau - kifin yana manna kumfa tare da shi. Mafi sauƙin "fasaha" yana ba ka damar ƙirƙirar gida mai daɗi, wanda girmansa ya kai 5 cm kuma zai iya tsoma baki ga dukkan zuriya. A matsayinka na mai mulki, gourami ba ya wuce kwana ɗaya don warware “batun gidaje”. Sannan “shugaban iyali” ya gayyaci mace ta haihu. Namiji yakan kamo kwai da bakinsa ya sanya a cikin gida, inda cigaban cigaban su ke faruwa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Wasu jinsunan gourami suna bazuwa ba tare da sun kafa sheƙarsu ba. A wannan yanayin, ƙwai kawai yana shawagi a saman ruwa. Duk abin da ya kasance a gare mu, amma kawai namiji yana kula da caviar.
Larwayoyin gourami suna fitowa daga ƙwai cikin kusan yini ɗaya ko biyu. Kifayen da aka haifa yanada girman gaske, tare da jakar gwaiduwa, wanda yake matsayin tushen abinci a gare su har zuwa kwanaki 3-4 masu zuwa. "Tasa" na gaba akan menu na gourami sune ciliates, zooplankton da sauran hanyoyin talla. Amma a cikin yanayi na wucin gadi, da zaran soya ta bar gida, dole ne a cire gourami na namiji nan da nan daga cikin akwatin kifaye: mahaifi mai yawan kulawa zai iya lalata jariran cikin sauƙi, yana ƙoƙarin mayar da su zuwa gida.
Labyrinthine sashin jikin jariri gourami an kirkireshi kawai makonni 2-3 bayan haihuwa, don haka da farko zai taimaka sosai ga jarirai su sami ruwa mai tsafta tare da kyakkyawan yanayi. Yana da matukar mahimmanci cire abinci mai yawa daga akwatin kifaye a cikin lokaci. A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, soya suna girma da sauri sosai, amma ba daidai ba, sabili da haka ana ba da shawarar a tsara kifin da girman.
Abokan gaba na gourami
Hoto: Yaya gourami yayi kama
A dabi'a, kifin gourami yana fuskantar barazanar duk kifin farauta, da kuma tsuntsayen ruwa da kunkuru. Sauran abokan gourami sune mashayan Sumatran ko takobi. Wadannan pranksters suna haifar da rauni da yawa akan gourami na lumana, kuma galibinsu suna fada ne a cikin fika da gashin baki.
A zahiri, a cikin akwatin kifaye, ana kiyaye dukkanin alaƙa iri ɗaya tsakanin kifi kamar yadda yake a cikin namun daji. Jinsuna, da farko suna rikici da juna a cikin tafkunan ruwa, basa jituwa a cikin akwatin kifaye, inda ba lallai bane ku tsinkaye kwakwalwarku game da neman abinci da yankin rayuwa - mutum ne ke bayar da kasancewar wannan duka.
Dangane da wannan, a kowane hali bai kamata gourami ya kasance tare da manyan cichlids na Afirka da na Amurka ba, tare da kifin zinare. Waɗannan kifayen sune abokan gabansu waɗanda suka yi rantsuwa a mazauninsu, saboda haka, a cikin sarari, ba za su bar gourami mai son zaman lafiya dama ba.
Kuma daga shari'ar zalunci daga gefen gourami kusan bazai taɓa faruwa ba. Irin wannan abin zai iya faruwa ne kawai ta hanyar halayen mutum na kifin ko ta hanyar kariya da soyayyen nasu (gurbi yayin ɓarkewa). Sannan kuma, idan faɗa ya ɓarke, to waɗanda ke cikin rikicin 'yan uwan juna ne ko kuma jinsi na kusa.
Kasancewar babban akwatin kifaye tare da wurare da yawa na mafaka na iya daidaita gourami har ma da waɗancan kifaye waɗanda ake iya samun rashin fahimta a cikin yanayinsu na asali (irin waɗannan yara ne, yara, rasbora).
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Gourami na zinariya
Gourami nau'ikan kifi ne masu yawa - ana iya samun wakilai na nau'ikan halittun da yawa a cikin ruwa masu gudana na koguna masu tsafta da rafuka, da kuma a cikin ruwa mai tsafta, wanda a duban farko, mutumin da yake nesa da ilimin ichthyology, da alama bai dace da rayuwa ba (ko a irin waɗannan wuraren, wanda ba za a iya kiran shi da ruwa ba - daidai gonakin shinkafar da suka yi ambaliya, misali).
Wasu nau'ikan jinsin gourami (alal misali, masu tabo da launin ruwan kasa) na iya jure ɗan ƙara yawan gishirin a sauƙaƙe. Saboda wannan yanayin, ana iya samun su a cikin manyan yankuna masu tasowa da kuma a bakin rafin da ke kwarara zuwa cikin teku.
Kasancewar wani sashin jiki na numfashi yana kara karfin karfin gourami - godiya ga wannan yanayin, suna mallake wuraren da akwai isashshen oxygen a cikin ruwa. Samun wadatar zuci bai isa ga kowane kifi ba, wanda ke baiwa gourami wani tsayayyen tsari a ci gaban wani wuri a ƙarƙashin rana. Ya zama cewa yanayi da kansa yana ba wa waɗannan kifayen kayan sarauta kyauta.
Wata mahimmin ikon gourami shine juriyarsu ga abubuwan anthropogenic - suna rayuwa a cikin ruwa inda ake zubar da sharar masana'antu ko magungunan ƙwari daga filayen noma.
Dangane da yanayin keɓaɓɓu - yayin zaɓar akwatin kifaye, ya kamata mutum yayi la'akari, da farko, girman girman kifin gourami. Idan akwatin kifaye tare da ƙarar lita 20 ko fiye ya dace da dwarf ko gourami na zuma - ga wasu mutane, to manyan jinsuna suna buƙatar samar da aƙalla lita 80-100. Yana da ma'ana a kiyaye mata 3-4 ga kowane ɗa. Don rage zaluncin intraspecific. Kuna buƙatar sanya ƙasa mai duhu a ƙasa don launi kifin gourami ya zama ya bambanta.
Gourami - kifin salama, daidaita daidai da kusan kowane yanayin rayuwa. Sharadin kawai shine dole saman ruwa ya kasance yana mu'amala da iska, saboda in ba haka ba waɗannan kifayen basa iya numfashi gaba ɗaya kuma zasu mutu. Babu wasu ƙarin buƙatu na musamman don kiwo.
Ranar bugawa: 03.12.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 07.09.2019 a 19:34
