Puku

Pin
Send
Share
Send

Puku - dabbobi masu kofato-kofato daga dangin bovids, na jinsin awakin ruwa. Yana zaune a yankunan tsakiyar Afirka. Wuraren da aka fi so su rayu sun kunshi filayen fili kusa da rafuka da fadama. Puku yana da saukin kamuwa da hargitsi kuma a halin yanzu an keɓe shi zuwa keɓaɓɓun yankuna a cikin mazaunan ambaliyar ruwa. Adadin yawan mutanen da aka kiyasta kusan dabbobi dubu 130 ne, suka bazu a wasu kebabbun wurare.

Asalin jinsin da bayanin

Hotuna: Puku

Puku (Kobus vardonii) - na daga nau'in akuyoyin ruwa. D. Livingston ne ya ba wa jinsin sunan ilimin halittar wanda ya binciko nahiyar Afirka daga Scotland. Ya sake sunan abokinsa F. Vardon.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Masana kimiyya a ICIPE sun kirkiro wani tsintsiya mai hana ruwa na shanu.

Kodayake an riga an rarraba jinsin a matsayin jinsin kudanci na coba, nazarin halittu game da jerin kwayoyin mitochondrial DNA ya nuna cewa puku ya sha bamban da coba. Kari kan haka, girman dabbobi da halayyar su ma ya bambanta sosai. Sabili da haka, a yau an ɗauki rukuni a matsayin jinsin daban, kodayake ya faru cewa an haɗu da shi cikin jinsin Adenota wanda ya dace da duka jinsunan.

Bidiyo: Pico

Akwai ragin biyu na fart:

  • senga puku (Kobus vardonii senganus);
  • kudu dubu (Kobus vardonii vardonii).

Ba a sami wasu burbushin halittu da yawa ba. Burbushin halittu a Afirka, wurin rayuwar ɗan adam, kaɗan ne, an same su ne kawai a cikin wasu aljihunan Svartkrans a arewacin Afirka ta Kudu a lardin Gauteng. Dangane da ra'ayoyin V. Geist, inda aka tabbatar da alaƙar da ke tsakanin haɓakar zamantakewar jama'a da sasantawa da rashin kulawa a cikin Pleistocene, gabar gabashin Afirka - gabashin Afirka da ke arewacin da kuma ƙwarin da ke gabashin Afirka a yamma - ana ɗaukarsa gidan kakannin kakannin ruwa.

Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali

Hoto: Yadda duban yake

Puku matsakaitan matsakaita ne. Jajensu ya kai kimanin mm 32 kuma launuka ne a sassa daban daban na jiki. Yawancin gashinsu rawaya ne na zinare, goshin ya fi launin launin ruwan kasa, kusa da idanu, a ƙarƙashin ciki, wuya da leɓɓa na sama, Jawo fari ne. Wutsiyar ba ta bushe ba ce kuma tana da dogon gashi zuwa saman. Wannan ya banbanta gungun daga wasu nau'ikan nau'in nau'in dabbar.

Puku yana da dimorphic na jima'i. Maza suna da ƙaho, amma mata ba su da. Horahonin da tsayinsu yakai 50 cm sun yi baya sosai da kashi biyu bisa uku na tsayinsu, suna da tsarin haƙarƙari, fasalin layin da ba shi da kyau kuma ya zama mai santsi ga ƙirar. Mata suna da ƙarancin nauyi, nauyinsu ya kai kimanin kilogiram 66, yayin da maza suke da nauyin kilo 77. Puku yana da ƙananan glandan fuska. Malesananan maza suna da wuyan da suka fi girma a kan matsakaita fiye da na bachelors. Dukansu suna da fitowar gland a wuyansu.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Ritasashen yankin suna amfani da ɓoye-ɓoye na ɓoye don yada ƙanshin su a cikin yankin su. Suna ɓoye mafi yawan kwayoyin halitta daga wuyansu fiye da na maza.

Wannan ƙanshin yana faɗakar da sauran mazan cewa suna mamaye yankin ƙasashen waje. Abun wuyan wuya ba ya bayyana a cikin mazajen yanki har sai sun kafa yankunansu. Dubbin a kafada yana kusan 80 cm, kuma suma suna da ramuka masu kyau masu zurfin zurfin zurfin 40 zuwa 80.

Yanzu kun san yadda gungu yake. Bari muga inda aka samo wannan dabbar

A ina dubbai suke rayuwa?

Hoto: dubban dubban Afirka

Dabbar daji ta yadu a baya a wuraren kiwo kusa da ruwa na dindindin a cikin dazukan savannah da filayen ambaliyar kudanci da tsakiyar Afirka. Puku ya rasa matsuguni daga yawancin zangonsa na farko, kuma a wasu sassan ragin rarraba shi an mai da shi ga ƙungiyoyi masu keɓe gaba ɗaya. Ainihin, zangonsa yana kudu da tsaka-tsakin tsakanin 0 da 20 ° kuma tsakanin 20 da 40 ° gabas na firaministan meridian. Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa ana samun puku a Angola, Botswana, Katanga, Malawi, Tanzania da Zambiya.

Ana samun yawancin jama'a a cikin ƙasashe biyu kawai, Tanzania da Zambiya. An kiyasta yawan mutanen a 54,600 a Tanzania da 21,000 a Zambiya. Kusan kashi biyu cikin uku na dub suna zaune a kwarin Kilombero a Tanzania. A wasu ƙasashe inda suke zaune, yawancin sun fi yawa. Kasa da mutane 100 suka rage a Botswana kuma lambobi na ta raguwa. Sakamakon raguwar wurin zama, dubbai da yawa sun koma wuraren shakatawa na kasa kuma kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na mutanen su yanzu suna cikin wuraren kariya.

Mazaunin Puku sune:

  • Angola;
  • Botswana;
  • Congo;
  • Malawi;
  • Tanzania;
  • Zambiya.

Kasancewar ba a bayyana ko akwai batattun mutane:

  • Namibia;
  • Zimbabwe.

Yankin Puku yana da dausayi mai dausayi, savannas da filayen ambaliyar ruwa. Canje-canje na yanayi a yanayin zafi da ruwan sama suna shafar mahimma da motsin garken tumaki. Misali, a lokutan rigar, garken tumaki na matsawa zuwa manyan mazauna saboda ambaliyar. A lokacin rani, suna nan kusa da ruwa.

Menene gungu ke ci?

Hoto: Namiji dubu

Puku yana zaune a wuraren kiwo kusa da ruwa na dindindin a cikin dazukan savannah da filayen ambaliyar kudanci da tsakiyar Afirka. Kodayake suna haɗuwa da yankuna masu dausayi da ciyawar fadama, puku suna gujewa ruwa mai zurfin ruwa. Wasu daga cikin ci gaban da aka samu a wasu al'ummomin sun kasance ne saboda karshen matakan farautar marasa karfi a wuraren da aka kiyaye, yayin da a wasu wuraren lambobi ke raguwa a hankali.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Shuke-shuke da ke dauke da sinadarin furotin da yawa sun fi son dubu. Suna cin ciyawa iri-iri na yau da kullun waɗanda suka bambanta da yanayi.

Miombo shine babban ciyawar da bunches ke ci saboda tana dauke da danyun furotin da yawa. Bayan ciyawar ta balaga, yawan ɗanyen furotin yana raguwa, kuma sauran tsire-tsire suna amfani da bunches don samun furotin. A watan Maris, kashi 92 cikin 100 na abincin su na talla ne, amma wannan don cike gurbin rashin E. dagewa ne. Wannan tsiron yana da kusan 5% danyen furotin.

Puku yafi cin Dewdrop fiye da sauran dabbobin daji, wannan ciyawar tana da furotin da yawa amma ƙarancin ɗanyen fiber. Girman yankin ya dogara da yawan mazajen yanki a yankin da kuma wadatattun kayan aiki a cikin mazaunin.

Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa

Photo: matan Puku

Terasashen maza suna saduwa da kansu. Maza masu bahaya a cikin garken maza ne kawai. Mata galibi ana samunsu cikin rukuni na mutane 6 zuwa 20. Waɗannan garken mata ba su da tabbas saboda membobinsu koyaushe suna canza ƙungiyoyi. Shanu suna tafiya, suna ci tare suna barci tare. Manyan yankuna suna riƙe yankunansu a duk shekara.

Don kare yankin, waɗannan mazan maza suna ba da bushe-bushe har sau 3-4, waɗanda ke gargaɗin sauran mazan su guji. Hakanan ana amfani da wannan busa don a nuna wa mace kuma a karfafa mata gwiwa. Dabbobin suna cin abincin galibi da safe kuma da maraice.

Puku yana sadarwa da farko ta busa. Ba tare da la'akari da jinsi ko shekarunsu ba, suna busar da firgita don tsoratar da wasu maharan masu zuwa. Bunananan yara suna busa don neman hankalin mahaifiyarsu. Malesasassun mazaje suna yin ƙaho a kan ciyawa don su shayar da ciyawar tare da ɓoyewa daga wuyoyinsu. Waɗannan ɓoyayyun bayanan suna faɗakar da maza masu fafatawa cewa suna cikin yankin na wani. Idan bachelor ya shiga yankin da aka mamaye, to mazaunin yankin da ke wurin ya kore shi.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Mafi mahimmancin rikice-rikice yana faruwa tsakanin mazaunan yanki guda biyu fiye da tsakanin yanki na yanki da kuma ɗan bachelor da ke yawo. Sau da yawa ana faruwa tsakanin maza da mata. Wadannan rikice-rikicen suna faruwa ko da kuwa bachelor ba ya nuna mummunan hali ga mazaunin yankin.

Idan kuma namiji ne na yanki daban, mai dukiyar yana amfani da sadarwar gani a cikin yunƙurin tsoratar da mai kutse. Idan namiji mai adawa bai tafi ba, sai a fara faɗa. Maza suna yaƙi tare da ƙahoninsu. Yakin ƙaho yana faruwa tsakanin maza biyu a cikin yaƙin yanki. Wanda ya ci nasara yana da ikon riƙe yankin.

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Hoto: Tsuntsayen puku

Puku ya yi kiwo a tsawon shekara, amma mutane sun zama masu yin jima'i bayan ruwan sama na farko na lokacin. Maza masu yanki suna auren mace fiye da daya kuma suna da rikon amana a yankunansu. Amma akwai shaidar cewa mata suna zaɓar waɗanda za su aura. Wani lokaci ana ba da izinin maza masu ƙwararru kafin saduwa idan sun nuna sha'awar jima'i ga mata.

Lokacin haihuwa yana da alaƙa da haɗuwa da yanayi, amma fuku na iya yin kiwo ko'ina cikin shekara. Ana yin yawancin jima'i tsakanin Mayu da Satumba don tabbatar da cewa an haifi zuriya a lokacin damina. Ruwan sama a wannan lokacin ya bambanta daga shekara zuwa shekara. Yawancin 'yan maruƙa an haife su ne daga Janairu zuwa Afrilu, saboda ciyawar ciyawa ta fi wadata da kuma ciyawa a wannan lokacin. Yawan adadin 'yan maruƙa a kowace mace a lokacinda suke kiwo.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Mata ba su da ƙaƙƙarfan dangantaka tare da 'ya'yansu. Ba kasafai suke kiyaye jarirai ba ko kuma kula da abin da suke yi, wanda na iya nuna neman taimako.

Ba wuya a samu jarirai saboda suna "ɓoyewa." Wannan yana nufin cewa mata suna barin su a keɓantaccen wuri, maimakon tafiya tare da su. A lokacin damina, mata na karbar abinci mai inganci don kula da lactation, kuma ciyayi masu yawa suna ɓoye ƙananan dabbobin daji don mafaka. Lokacin haihuwa shine watanni 8. Matan Puku suna yaye jariransu daga ciyarwa tare da madara bayan watanni 6, kuma sun isa balaga cikin watanni 12-14. Biraran da suka manyanta suna fitowa daga karkashin ƙasa kuma suna haɗuwa da garke.

Abokan gaba na dubbai

Hotuna: Puku a Afirka

Lokacin da ake barazanar, gungu suna fitar da busa ƙaho iri-iri, wanda ake amfani dashi don faɗakar da sauran dangi. Baya ga farautar dabi'a daga damisa da zakuna, dubu kuma tana cikin haɗari daga ayyukan ɗan adam. Farauta da asarar muhalli sune manyan barazanar da ake yiwa fart. Ananan ciyawar da suka fi son dub suna zama mafi yawan dabbobi da mutane kowace shekara.

A halin yanzu sanannun masu farauta:

  • zakuna (Panthera leo);
  • damisa (Panthera pardus);
  • kada (Crocodilia);
  • mutane (Homo Sapiens).

Puku wani bangare ne na dabbobin kiwon da ke da mahimmanci don tsara al'ummomin kiwo da kuma tallafawa yawan manyan mafarauta kamar zakuna da damisa, da kuma masu lalata abubuwa kamar ungulu da kuraye. Ana daukar Puku wasa. Mutanen yankin ne ke kashe su saboda abinci. Hakanan zasu iya zama jan hankalin yawon bude ido.

Raguwar muhalli sakamakon fadada matsuguni da kiwon dabbobi babbar barazana ce ga fart. Tsarin zamantakewar al'umma / kiwo yana da matukar wahala ga lalacewa saboda mahalli da rarrabuwar farauta, tare da dogon lokaci sakamakon rashin daukar mutane.

A cikin kwarin Kilombero, babban abin da ke barazana ga dub yana zuwa ne daga fadada garken shanu a kan iyakar ambaliyar ruwa da lalata muhalli a lokacin damina ta hannun manoma wadanda suka share dazukan Miombo. A bayyane yake, farauta mara izini da mafarauta masu nauyi sun lalata gungun a yawancin kewayon su.

Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin

Hoto: Yadda duban yake

An kiyasta yawan kwarin Kilombero ya ragu da kashi 37 cikin ɗari a cikin shekaru 19 da suka gabata (ƙarni uku). An bayar da rahoton cewa jama'ar Zambiya suna da karko, saboda haka jimillar raguwar duniya sama da ƙarni uku ana shirin fuskantar kusan kashi 25%, yana gab da shiga mashigar masu rauni. Gaba daya ana tantance jinsin halittar a matsayin mai hatsarin gaske, amma halin da ake ciki na bukatar sa ido sosai da kuma kara raguwa a cikin Kilombero ko kuma yawan jama'a a Zambiya da sannu zai iya haifar da jinsin zuwa bakin kofa na rauni.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Wani bincike na sama da aka yi a kwarin Kilombero, gida mafi yawan dubbai a Afirka, ya yi amfani da ƙarin hanyoyi biyu don kimanta yawan mutane. Lokacin da aka bincika ta amfani da hanyoyi iri ɗaya kamar yadda a cikin lissafin da suka gabata, an kiyasta yawan mutane a 23,301 ± 5,602, wanda ya ragu ƙwarai da ƙididdigar baya na 55,769 ± 19,428 a 1989 da 66,964 ± 12,629 a 1998.

Duk da haka, an gudanar da bincike mai mahimmanci (ta yin amfani da nisan tsakanin kilomita 2.5 fiye da kilomita 10) musamman don ƙidayar tazarar, kuma wannan ya haifar da kimantawar 42 352 ± 5927. Wadannan alkaluman suna nuna raguwar 37% na yawan mutanen Kilombero a kan lokaci (shekaru 15) kwatankwacin ƙasa da ƙarni uku (shekaru 19).

Populationananan mutane a cikin yankin kariya na Selous an hallaka su. An yi imanin cewa Puku yana raguwa a wuraren ambaliyar Chobe, amma yawan mutane ya karu sosai a yankin tun daga shekarun 1960, duk da cewa yawan jama'ar ya koma gabas. Babu dai takamaiman kimar yawan mutane a Zambiya, amma an bayar da rahoton cewa suna cikin kwanciyar hankali.

Puku mai gadi

Hotuna: Piku daga littafin Red

Puku a halin yanzu an lasafta shi a cikin mummunan haɗari yayin da ake la'akari da yawan jama'a ba su da ƙarfi kuma suna cikin haɗari mai zuwa. Rayuwarsu ta dogara da gungun kungiyoyi da dama. Puk dole ne ya yi gogayya da dabbobi don ciyarwa, kuma jama'a suna wahala lokacin da aka canza wuraren zama don noma da kiwo. An kiyasta cewa kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na duka mutane suna zaune a wurare masu kariya.

Baya ga kwarin Kilombero, muhimman wurare don rayuwar dubu sun hada da wuraren shakatawa:

  • Katavi da ke cikin yankin Rukwa (Tanzania);
  • Kafue (Zambiya);
  • Arewa da Kudu Luangwa (Zambiya);
  • Kasanka (Zambiya);
  • Kasungu (Malawi);
  • Chobe a cikin Botswana.

Kimanin kashi 85% na dubun-dubatan Zambiya suna rayuwa a wuraren da aka kiyaye. Anyi magana kan ayyukan fifiko don kiyaye yankin gaba ɗaya cikin cikakken zangon su dalla-dalla a cikin 2013. A Zambiya, wani shiri ya fara aiki tun a shekarar 1984 don shigar da wadannan dabbobin cikin daji. Kuma sakamakon ya riga ya bayyane. Bayan kawar da farauta, yawan alƙaluma sun fara dawowa sannu a hankali a wasu yankuna.

Puku zauna cikin daji har tsawon shekaru 17. Kodayake mutane ba sa cin naman dabbobi, amma baƙi sun farautar dabbar daji a lokacin ci gaban nahiyar, da kuma safari. Tsuntsin dub yana da aminci sosai kuma yana saurin saduwa da mutane. Saboda haka, raguwar bala'i a cikin yawan mutane ya zama mai yiwuwa.

Ranar bugawa: 11/27/2019

Ranar sabuntawa: 12/15/2019 da 21:20

Pin
Send
Share
Send

Kalli bidiyon: PUKU - MOVE RIGHT PAST OFFICIAL AUDIO (Nuwamba 2024).