Macropod ya bayyana a cikin akwatinan ruwa na Bature ɗayan farkon - watakila kifin zinare ne kawai zai iya zuwa gabansu. Kamar sauran mazaunan tafkunan Asiya da Afirka, P. Carbonier, wani sanannen mashigin ruwa, ya yi macropods. Dole ne mu girmama shi - wannan mutumin ne ya fara tona asirin kifin labyrinthine wanda ke kama iska daga sama!
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Macropod
Macropod na daji yana da launuka masu launi - yana da kifi babba (kusan 10 cm tsayi maza kuma 7 cm a mata), wanda ba da gangan ba ya jawo hankalin masu ruwa tare da takamaiman launi - baya yana da wadataccen inuwar zaitun, kuma jikin yana lulluɓe da launuka masu launin ja da shuɗi (tare da adon koren ) launuka. Lins guda ɗaya, mai ci gaba tare da zaren turquoise, suna da launi ja mai launin shuɗi.
Abubuwan da ke gefen ciki yawanci duhu ne ja, firam ɗin firam suna bayyane, operculum yana da shuɗi mai haske shuɗi da jan wuri kewaye da shi. Amma akasin yadda ake kallon mace mai jan hankali, macropods mata suna da launi iri-iri. Kuma fincinsu ya fi guntu, don haka bambance mace da namiji ba babban lamari bane.
Bidiyo: Macropod
Matsalar ita ce lokacin da aka yi kuskure wajen kiyayewa da kiwo, launuka masu haske ba da daɗewa ba za su ɓace, shuɗi ya zama ba daɗi, shuɗi mai shuɗi, ja ya zama lemu mai datti, kifin ya zama ƙarami, ƙirar ba su da kyan gani sosai. Kuma irin waɗannan canje-canjen na iya faruwa a cikin ƙarni 3-4 kawai, wanda aka tabbatar da shi ta hanyar misali na sirri ta hanyar masu kiɗan ilimi. A lokaci guda, suna ƙoƙari su bar lahani na asali kamar bambancin al'ada!
Babban matsaloli tare da kiwo macropods sune yanayin kiwo da rashin hasken halitta. Kodayake, a game da hanyar da ta dace, haɗin kai mai alaƙa da juna na iya taimakawa wajen dawo da halayen macropod da aka ɓata na daɗe. Hakanan, kada mu manta game da buƙatar madaidaici, daidaitaccen ciyarwa da ingantaccen zaɓi na nau'i-nau'i.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Yaya macropod yake
Mata a cikin 100% na al'amuran sun fi na maza ƙanƙanta: 6 cm da 8 cm, bi da bi (duk da cewa a cikin kifi da yawa, har ma da waɗanda suke na labyrinths, komai daidai akasin haka ne). Amma kuma akwai kamanceceniya da sauran wakilan wannan dangin - maza suna da launuka mafi banbanci iri daban-daban da kuma nunawa, dan madaidaiciya.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: An lura da alaƙar daidaito kai tsaye tsakanin launi mai nauyi na ma'aunin macropod, dumamar ruwa da motsawar macropod.
Game da keɓaɓɓun launi da tsari: namijin macropods kusan kusan zinare-launin ruwan kasa ne. A jikin kifin, akwai ratsiyoyi da ke can gefe (suna zuwa daga baya zuwa ƙasa, amma ba sa isa cikin ciki). Abubuwan da aka kafa a baya da kuma kusa da fin din din din shuɗi ne mai haske. Akwai jan toka a kan tukwanansu. Mata suna da kyan gani a bayyane, sun taƙaitaccen kaifi da cikar ciki.
Dukkanin abubuwan da ke sama suna da alaƙa ne kawai da asalin nau'ikan macropods, amma yanzu an riga an zaɓi zaɓi na wucin gadi na rabin albino tare da jikin da ke da launin ruwan hoda. Kifi an rufe shi da ratsi ja kawai kuma yana da haske ja ƙege. Wani zaɓi shine ƙananan macropods. Jikin waɗannan kifin an lullubeshi da sikeli masu duhu, babu ratsi, amma wannan gazawar ta fi biyan diyya ta dogayen fins na marmari.
Yanzu kun san yadda ake kiyayewa da ciyar da kifin macropod. Bari mu bincika yadda suke rayuwa a cikin yanayin su na asali.
A ina macropod yake rayuwa?
Hotuna: Macropod a Rasha
Wakilan wannan nau'in suna rayuwa a cikin jikin ruwa mai tsafta, akasari tare da raunin rauni na ruwa ko tsayayyen ruwa). Mazaunin ya fi yawa a cikin Gabas ta Tsakiya. Macropod gama gari ne a cikin kogin Yangtze. Bugu da kari, wadannan kifayen an yi nasarar shigar da su cikin jikkunan kogunan Koriya da Japan. Abinda kawai aka ambata game da kamun kifin a cikin ruwan Kogin Amur na Rasha an bayyana shi ta hanyar ganewar kuskuren mutum macropod. Hakanan sanannen kifin akwatin kifaye na ƙasar China. A cikin Daular Celestial, kifayen suna zaune a cikin raƙuman filayen shinkafa. Celarancin macropods (sigar akwatin kifaye) an bred su ta ƙetara macropods na yau da kullun da allurar kashin baya.
Macropods a cikin akwatin kifaye suna nuna kusan jimiri kamar na yanayi. Waɗannan kifin suna iya jure wa ajiyar ruwa na ɗan gajeren lokaci har zuwa 35 ° C, suna jin daɗi ko da a cikin ruwan da aka zaba ne, ba sa sanya buƙatu na musamman kan tacewa da ɗiban ruwa. A cikin yanayin muhalli, waɗannan kifin suna cin plankton sosai kuma suna hana yawan haihuwa na cututtukan arthropods, tsutsotsi da sauran ɓarna.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Sau da yawa rashin dacewar macropods yana wasa da masu kiwo. Gaskiyar ita ce, waɗannan kifin suna iya haifuwa a ƙarƙashin mafi ƙarancin yanayin da ya dace, koda kuwa ba a kula da su sosai kuma ana ciyar da su. Babu sauran kifi (watakila, ban da gourami) a cikin irin waɗannan halaye da ba za su yi tunanin zuriya ba, amma wannan tabbas ba game da macropods ba ne. Amma sakamakon wannan duka yana da banƙyama - maimakon kyawawan ƙyalƙyali, ana haifar da launin toka, ba kifin da ba a rubutu ba, waɗanda ake kira “alfaharin” macropods a yawancin shagunan dabbobi.
Menene macropod yake ci?
Photo: Macropod kifi
Ciyarwa tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a rayuwar macropod - zamu iya cewa yana ƙayyade tasirin adon ta. Don tabbatar da dacewar ci gabanta, dole ne mutum koyaushe ya tuna cewa macropod mahara ne. Haka ne, a ka'ida, macropods suna da komai, kuma bayan dogon yajin yajin za su ci kusan komai. A cikin yanayin da suke zaune a cikin yanayi, kowane abinci abin marmari ne. Sabili da haka, idan macropod ɗinka ya ji yunwa, da farin ciki zai ci ko da ɗan marmarin gurasa, amma har yanzu ya fi daidai ga mazaunan akwatin kifaye don ciyar da su ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Abincin da aka fi dacewa shine ƙwarin jini da gwaiwa - wannan abincin yakamata (da kyau) ya zama rabin abincin, ba ƙasa ba. Bugu da kari, yana da ma'ana don sanya daskararren cyclops zuwa abincin.
Sauran "kayan marmari na kifi" shima ba zai zama mai yawa ba:
- daskararren jini;
- daphnia;
- baƙar fata sauro.
Yana da kyau ka kara dankakken abincin teku zuwa abincinka. Shrimps, mussel, octopuses - duk waɗannan macropods ana girmama su sosai. Kuna iya ƙara abinci mai bushe a cikin menu - yana da daraja ta amfani da haɗuwa waɗanda aka haɓaka da carotenoids don haɓaka launi. Ba a taɓa cinye tsire-tsire na Macropod ko ɓata su a kowane yanayi, amma ƙaramin ƙwarin ganye zai amfani kifin.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Macropod kifin akwatin kifaye
Yawancin mazaje na macropods suna nuna mummunan tashin hankali ga juna. Sau da yawa suna nuna irin wannan halin ba kawai don dangantaka da juna ba, har ma ga sauran kifayen da ke zaune a cikin akwatin kifaye kuma ba ma musamman gasa da su don abinci ba. Waɗannan dalilan ne ya sa suke da ma'ana a ajiye macropods a cikin akwatin kifaye a cikin ɗayan biyu, kuma idan kun ƙara musu manyan kifaye kawai.
Amma akwai wani ra'ayi - yawancin masu ilimin ruwa, kuma daga cikin waɗanda ke aiki tare da macropods, sun lura cewa akwai tatsuniyoyi marasa adadi game da waɗannan kifin (musamman game da kayan masarufi na gargajiya).
Kuma labaran da ke nuna cewa kyawawan macropods suna da matukar rikitarwa, zalunci, ba tare da tarwatsewa ba, duk kifin, sannan kuma suna fada a tsakanin su har ma suna kashe matan su. Masanan ruwa na Macropod suna da'awar cewa wannan ba komai bane - aƙalla "zargi" guda biyu da suka gabata gaba ɗaya ƙarya ne. Me yasa zamu iya magana game da wannan da irin wannan karfin gwiwa?
Ee, idan kawai saboda idan duk waɗannan abubuwan gaskiya ne, to, macropods kawai ba zai rayu a cikin yanayi ba, a cikin yanayin yanayi. Haka ne, a tsakanin su wani lokaci akwai wasu mugayen mutane, masu saurin tashin hankali wadanda ke iya kashe mace bayan sun gama haduwa tare, har ma da nasu soya. Amma wannan ba safai yake faruwa ba, kuma ana iya ganin irin wannan kifin kai tsaye - tun ma kafin su fara haihuwa. Sabili da haka, bai kamata a yarda da irin waɗannan mutane yin kiwo ba.
Amma akwai kyakkyawan zaɓi don keɓance duk wata alama ta tashin hankali daga waɗannan kifaye - ya isa a daidaita su a cikin manyan akwatunan ruwa tare da sauran kifaye masu dacewa da marasa ƙarfi. Yawaitar matsugunai da shuke-shuke masu rai wani mahimmin abu ne. Haka ne, karamin kifi da maciji masu kamun kifin suna bacci a matsayin aikin su na ciza, ko ma cin abinci a maimakon karin kumallo - amma sauran nau'ikan da yawa suma suna yin zunubi da wannan. Me za ku iya yi, wannan ita ce dokar yanayi - mafi dacewa ta rayu!
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Macropod soya
Don haihuwa, namiji yana gina gida na kumfar iska kusa da shuke-shuke, daidai kusa da saman ruwa. A lokacin da ake haihuwa, namiji yana matse mace, bayan ya lullubeta a gaba a jikinta, kamar mai taimaka mata. Don haka, yana matse ƙwai daga ciki. Caviar na macropods ya fi ruwa sauƙi, saboda haka koyaushe yana shawagi, kuma namiji nan da nan ya tattara shi kuma ya kare shi da ƙarfi - har zuwa lokacin da jariran suka bayyana.
Kuma har ma na kwanaki 10 masu zuwa, namiji yana cikin aikin kariya da shiri don rayuwar manya na soya. Yana kuma wartsakar da gida. Macropod yana motsa ƙwai, yana tattara zuriya kuma yana jifa da baya. A wasu lokuta, mace na taimakawa namiji tare da kula da zuriya, amma wannan yakan faru da wuya.
Domin haɓaka macropods masu ƙoshin lafiya, kuna buƙatar zaɓar nau'i-nau'i daidai kuma shirya su don haɓakawa. Yana da matukar mahimmanci a kiyaye kiyayewar iyayen da zasu zo nan gaba bisa daidaitaccen nau'in.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Macropods gaskiya ne mai tsawon rai - a cikin dukkanin kifin labyrinth, sun fi kowa tsawon rayuwa. Kuma idan an samar musu da yanayi mai kyau, suna rayuwa a cikin yanayin wucin gadi har zuwa shekaru 8-10. A lokaci guda, ikon sake haifuwa da irin su ba zai wuce rabin lokacin da aka ayyana ba.
Duk da haka dai, macropod ainihin mafarauci ne, saboda haka zafin rai yana da cikakkiyar ma'anar halayensa. Amma a cikin mafi yawan lokuta, macropod mai karfin zuciya ne, mai matsakaicin yanayi mai dadi, kifi mai rai. Passivity da jin kunya basu saba da macropod ba. Bugu da ƙari, mafi yawan aiki sune macropods tare da launuka masu kyau da shuɗi. Abin da ke dan kwanciyar hankali - zabiya, fari da lemu. Ba a ba da shawarar ƙarshen a saka su a cikin akwatin kifaye ɗaya ba, har ma tare da manyan macropods.
Abokan gaba na macropods
Hotuna: Macropod mace
Ko da brisk da firgita macropods suna da abokan gaba, kuma ba za su iya "sami yare ɗaya" a cikin mazauninsu na asali ko na akwatin kifaye ba. Wanene kuke tsammani ya kasance mai tsananin adawa da (kuma a lokaci guda yana tsananin tsoron macropod), wanda shi kansa zai yi farin ciki ya lalata ƙege da wutsiyar manyan kifaye?
Don haka, babban makiyin macropod shine ... Sumatran barbus! Wannan kifin yana da daɗi da annashuwa, saboda haka babu abin da zai hana mai zagin hana macropods na gashin-baki. Idan barb na 3-4 yayi aiki da macropod guda daya, to tabbas na farkon ba zaiyi kyau ba. Irin wannan yanayin yana faruwa a cikin yanayi, a can ne kawai macropods ke da ƙananan damar - garken gwanayen Sumatran ba sa barin wata 'yar damar! Don haka an tilasta wa macropods gano wa kansu irin wadannan wuraren da barawon dan fashi - Sumatran barbus - kawai ba zai rayu ba. Ba za a ce wannan zaɓi ne mai kyau don kare matsayinku a rana ba, amma duk da haka ...
Hanya guda daya da za'a sasanta wadannan makiya shine a soya a cikin akwatin kifaye daya daga shekaru. Sannan har yanzu akwai sauran damar da zasu iya jituwa da zama tare cikin jituwa. Kodayake wannan ka'ida ba koyaushe take aiki ba. Wataƙila saboda waɗannan kifin suna da ƙiyayya a matakin kwayar halitta. Babu wani bayani kuma ba zai iya zama ba!
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Yaya macropod yake
Hanyoyin macropods suna rufe manyan yankuna na kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Ana iya ganinsa a jikin ruwa a kudancin China, har ma a Malesiya. An yi nasarar gabatar da kifin cikin ruwan Jafananci, Koriya, Amurka, da kuma tsibirin Madagascar.
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, wannan nau'in kifin ana rarrabe shi ta hanyar rayuwa mai ɗimbin yawa - ba su da daɗi, suna da ƙarfi kuma suna iya '' tsayawa wa kansu ', kuma suna da kayan aiki na labyrinth waɗanda ke yin aikin gabobin numfashi (oxygen ya taru a wurin).
Amma koda tare da irin wannan gagarumar damar ta rayuwa "a bayan", nau'ikan macropods a halin yanzu suna cikin littafin Red Book na kasa da kasa, amma a matsayin jinsinsu, bacewar su ke haifar da damuwa kadan.
Abin da ke faruwa na raguwar yawan waɗannan kifin yana da alaƙa, da farko, tare da ci gaban mutum da tattalin arziƙin sa a wuraren da suke da mazaunin macropod da gurɓatar mahalli tare da mahaɗan sunadarai.
Amma duk da wadannan lokutan, hatta sakin magungunan kashe kwari da bunkasar kasa don kasar noma, kada ka sanya wannan nau'in a cikin barazanar bacewa baki daya. Kuma wannan yana cikin yanayin yanayi ne kawai - saboda ƙokarin masu aquarists, adadin macropods yana ƙaruwa koyaushe!
Kariyar Macropod
Hotuna: Macropod daga littafin Red
Lissafi a cikin Littafin Bayar da Bayanin Bayanai na Duniya a cikin kanta cikakken ma'auni ne don kare jinsin, domin bayan irin waɗannan matakan an sanya takunkumi mai tsauri kan kamawa da / ko sake matsar da ita. Bugu da kari, ana aiwatar da matakai bisa tsari don rage gurbatar muhalli.
A lokaci guda, ayyukan tattalin arziƙi da wasu ƙattai na masana'antu da dokokin ƙeta-ƙira na ƙasashen Asiya ke haifar da gaskiyar cewa an tilasta wa macropods barin wuraren da suke.
Amma duk da haka, “violin na farko” wajen dawo da adadin yawan macropod din masu ruwa a jallo ne ke bugawa - sun zabi mutanen da suka fi koshin lafiya kuma suka tsallaka da su, suna samun zuriya, wanda yawan zakin yake tsira (saboda rashin makiya na waje). Dangane da haka, yawan macropods yana ƙaruwa, kuma kewayon yana fuskantar wasu canje-canje.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Ba kamar sauran kifayen labyrinth ba (gourami iri ɗaya), macropods galibi suna nuna tashin hankali da farko, kuma ba tare da wani dalili ba. Ba a ba da shawarar da karfi a ajiye telescopes, sikelin da kifin discus tare da macropods, har ma da wakilan duk wasu nau'ikan kananan kifayen - neons, zebrafish da sauransu.
Macropod - kifin akwatin kifaye mara kyan gani, wanda ke da halin farin ciki da halayyar kirki. Lokacin kiyaye shi, akwatin kifin koyaushe ya kamata a buɗe (wanda ya dace da gilashin kariya). Wannan zai samar wa kifin kyakkyawan iskar oxygen daga iska, wanda zasu iya hade shi da labyrinth dinsu, kuma zai kare mutane masu aiki sosai daga fadowa daga akwatin kifaye a lokacin tsalle.
Ranar bugawa: 01.11.2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 11.11.2019 da 12:08
