Bakin Dawuda - dabba mai daraja wacce ta sha wahala daga ayyukan ɗan adam da mummunan yanayin mahalli. Saboda canje-canje da yawa a mazauninsu na asali, waɗannan dabbobin sun rayu ne kawai cikin ƙangi. Wadannan barewa suna karkashin kariyar kasa da kasa, kuma kwararrun suna sa ido kan yawan su a koda yaushe.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hoto: Dawakin Dauda
Ana kiran barewar Dauda "mila". Wannan dabbar dabba ce wacce aka saba da ita a gidan zoo kuma baya rayuwa a cikin daji. Na dangi ne - ɗayan manyan iyalai na dabbobi masu shayarwa.
An rarraba Deer kusan a duk duniya: duka a cikin yankunan sanyi na Yakutia da Far North, da kuma a Australia, New Zealand, Amurka da Turai duka. Gabaɗaya, dangin sun haɗa da sanannun nau'ikan 51, kodayake akwai takaddama game da rabewar wasu barewa a matsayin jinsinsu daban.
Bidiyo: Dawakin Dawud
Deer suna da ban mamaki iri-iri. Girman su na iya zama ƙananan kaɗan - girman zomo, wanda yake damun pudu ne. Hakanan akwai manyan barewar da suka kai tsayi da nauyin dawakai - muz. Yawancin deer suna da tururuwa, waɗanda, a ƙa'ida, maza kawai suke da su.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Ba tare da la’akari da inda barewar ke zaune ba, har yanzu zai canza tururuwarsa a kowace shekara.
Deer na farko ya bayyana a cikin Asiya yayin Oligocene. Daga can, da sauri suka bazu cikin Turai saboda yawan ƙaura. Hakanan gadar dake ƙasa ta Arewacin Amurka ta ba da gudummawa ga mulkin mallaka na wannan nahiya ta barewa.
A farkon matakan rayuwarsu, barewa, kamar sauran dabbobi, ƙattai ne. Saboda canjin yanayi, sun ragu sosai, duk da cewa har yanzu suna da girma da yawa.
Deer alamomi ne na al'adu da yawa, galibi ana gabatar dasu a cikin tatsuniyoyi a cikin kyawawan halaye, jarumawa da dabbobi masu ƙarfin hali. Barewa sau da yawa tana wakiltar ƙarfin namiji, galibi saboda salon rayuwar auren mata da yawa na maza.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Abin da Deer Dauda yake kama
Barewa Dawuda babban dabba ne. Tsawon jikin ta zai iya kaiwa 215 cm, kuma tsayin a bushe ya kai 140 cm a cikin maza. Nauyin jikinsa wasu lokuta yakan wuce kilogiram 190, wanda yake da yawa don herbivore. Wadannan barewa kuma suna da wutsiya mai tsayi - kusan 50 cm.
Sashin sama na jikin wannan barewa mai launi-ja-kasa-kasa a lokacin rani, yayin da ciki, kirji da ƙafafun ciki sun fi sauƙi. A lokacin hunturu, barewa tana da dumi, ta sami launin toka-ja-ja, kuma ƙananan ɓangarenta ya zama mai tsami. Abubuwan da ke cikin wannan barewar shine gashin mai tsaro, wanda ke da raƙuman ruwa kuma baya canzawa duk shekara. Wannan dogon gashi ne mara kyau, wanda shine saman gashi na barewa.
A bayanta, daga kan dutsen har zuwa ƙashin ƙugu, akwai bakin ciki siriri, wanda ba a san dalilinsa ba. Kan wannan barewar na da tsayi, kunkuntar, tare da ƙananan idanu da manyan hancin hanci. Kunnuwan barewa suna da girma, an ɗan nuna su da wayoyi.
Barewa Dawud na da dogayen ƙafafu tare da ƙyallen kafa. Dogayen duwawun kofato na iya nuna wani wurin zama mai ruwa wanda barewa ke motsawa ba tare da wahala ba saboda wannan tsarin ilimin lissafi. Za a iya fadada sashin dundunon ƙafafu kamar yadda ake buƙata.
A lokaci guda, jikin barewa yana da tsayi ba daidai ba, akasin tsarin sauran manyan barewa. Wutsiyar barewa kuma baƙon abu bane - yana kama da wutsiyar jaki mai tsayi tare da goga a ƙarshen. Maza suna da manyan ƙahonin da suke zagaye a ɓangaren giciye. A tsakiya, bangare mafi kauri, ƙahoni reshe, kuma ana tafiyar da matakai baya tare da ƙarshen kaifi.
Hakanan, mazan suna canza waɗannan ƙahonin kamar sau biyu a shekara - a Nuwamba da Janairu. Mata sun fi maza ƙanƙan da kaho kuma ba su da ƙaho, in ba haka ba ba su da dimorphism na jima'i.
A ina ne barewar Dauda take zama?
Hoto: Deer David a China
A barewar David dabba ce da ke zaune musamman a China. Da farko dai, matsayinta na asali an iyakance shi ne da fadama da gandun daji masu dausayi na kasar Sin ta Tsakiya da kuma tsakiyarta. Abin baƙin cikin shine, jinsin ya rayu ne kawai a gidan zoo.
Tsarin jikin ƙwarjin dawakin Dauda yayi magana game da ƙaunarsa ga yankuna masu ruwa. Kofatocin ta suna da fadi sosai, a zahiri suna taka rawar dusar ƙanƙara, amma a cikin daushen. Godiya ga wannan tsari na kofato, barewa na iya tafiya a ƙasa mai matukar girgiza, amma a lokaci guda ba ta jin daɗi kuma ba ta nutsuwa.
Dalilin fasalin jikin wannan barewa ya zama bayyananne. An rarraba nauyin daidai gwargwado ga duka ƙafafu huɗu na wannan dabba, wanda kuma yana ba shi damar zama cikin fadama da sauran wurare tare da ƙasa mara kyau.
Theafafun wannan barewar suna da ƙarfi ƙwarai, amma a lokaci guda ba ta da saurin gudu da sauri. Yankin fadama, inda wadannan barewa suke rayuwa a da, suna buƙatar taka tsantsan da tafiyar hawainiya, kuma ta wannan hanyar barewar ke motsawa koda akan turbar ƙasa.
A yau, ana iya samun barewar Dauda a cikin manyan gidajen zoo a duniya. Da farko dai, wadannan, tabbas, gidan shakatawar kasar Sin ne, inda ake girmama wannan nau'in barewar ta wata hanya ta musamman. Amma kuma ana iya samun sa a cikin Rasha - a Gidan Zoo na Moscow, inda aka ajiye nau'in tun daga 1964.
Yanzu kun san inda aka sami barewar Dawuda. Bari muga me zai ci.
Menene barewar Dauda ta ci?
Hoto: Dawakin Dauda
Bakin daudu na Dawakai ne na musamman, kamar sauran membobin dangin barewa. A cikin gidan namun daji, yana ciyar da abincin ƙasa - ciyawar da ke tsiro ƙarƙashin ƙafafunsa. Kodayake, masana suna ba da waɗannan abubuwan gina jiki ga waɗannan dabbobin don kiyaye su da ƙoshin lafiya da rayuwa tsawon lokacin da zai yiwu.
Mahalli na asali yana ƙayyade wasu abubuwan dandano na waɗannan dabbobin.
Misali, ana iya sanya tsirrai masu zuwa cikin abincin su:
- kowane tsire-tsire na ruwa - lili na ruwa, reeds, reeds;
- laka fadama;
- saiwar shuke-shuke, wanda barewa ke kaiwa da taimakon doguwar muzzles;
- gansakuka da lichen Godiya ga babban haɓakar su da kuma wuyan su, waɗannan barewar za su iya kai tsaye ga girman gansakuka. Hakanan za su iya tsayawa a ƙafafunsu na baya don kai wa magani;
- ganye akan bishiyoyi.
Akwai lokuta da yawa lokacin da, yayin aiwatar da ciyarwa, barewa ba da gangan suka cinye ƙananan rodents - chipmunks, bera, da sauransu. Wannan ba ya cutar da ciyawar ta kowace hanya, wani lokacin ma har ya cika adadin furotin da ake bukata a jiki.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Ire-iren al'adun abincin da ke haɗuwa da ciyarwa a cikin fure na cikin ruwa ana lura da su a cikin babban barewa, Elk.
Kamar dawakai, barewa suna son gishiri da abubuwa masu daɗi. Sabili da haka, ana sanya babban gishiri a cikin shingen tare da barewa, wanda a hankali suke lasa. Hakanan, waɗannan dabbobin suna son karas da tuffa, waɗanda masu kula da gidan zoo ke shafar su. Wannan abincin ya daidaita sosai domin kiyaye lafiyar dabbobi.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Deer David a lokacin sanyi
A barewar Dawuda ne dabbobi na garke. Maza da mata suna rayuwa a cikin babban garken tumaki, amma a lokacin saduwarsu, maza sukan kaura daga mata. Gabaɗaya, dabbobi ba sa rikici, suna son sani kuma ba sa tsoron mutane saboda kusancinsu da su.
Abubuwan da ke cikin waɗannan barewar kuma suna son iyo. Kodayake yanzu ba sa rayuwa a cikin mazauninsu, wannan fasalin ya wanzu har zuwa yau kuma ana yada shi ta hanyar ƙwayoyin halitta. Sabili da haka, a cikin keɓaɓɓun keɓaɓɓun waɗannan barewar, dole ne su haƙo babban korama, wanda ake saka tsire-tsire masu yawa na ruwa a ciki.
Wadannan barewar na iya kwantawa a cikin ruwa na dogon lokaci, iyo har ma suna ciyarwa, nutsar da kawunansu gaba daya a cikin ruwan. Babu wani barewa da yake da irin wannan sha'awar ruwa da ninkaya - yawancin ciyawar ciyayi suna guje wa wannan yanayin saboda ba su iyo sosai. Barewa Dawud ƙwararren mai iyo ne - wannan ya sake sauƙaƙa shi ta yanayin jikinsa da tsarin kofato.
A cikin garken barewa, a ƙa'ida, babban shugaban maza, mata da yawa da ƙananan samari da yawa. A cikin daji, shugaba yana korar mazan da suka balaga daga garken garken - galibi tare da faɗa kamar yadda waɗanda ke zaman talala suka ƙi shawarar shugaban. Ga samarin da aka kora daga garken, mata da yawa na iya barin.
A cikin kamewa, an mayar da barewa manya zuwa wasu yankuna, ana kara mata mata da yawa a lokaci daya. Wannan yana kawar da mummunan fada tsakanin maza, kuma yana bawa mazan masu rauni damar barin zuriya, wanda ke taimakawa dawo da yawan.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Kubiyon Dauda
Lokacin saduwa alama ce ta ainihin faɗa tsakanin maza. Suna haɗuwa da ƙaho, turawa da kururuwa. Baya ga kaho, suna amfani da hakora da manyan kofato a matsayin makamai - a irin wannan yakin, raunin da aka samu ba bakon abu bane.
Wasu mazan suna kai wa shugaban namiji hari akai-akai, waɗanda suma suke yin kamar sun aura a wannan lokacin. Sabili da haka, dole ne barewa ta kare mata a cikin yaƙe-yaƙe na yau da kullun. A wannan lokacin, shugabannin maza kusan ba sa cin abinci kuma suna rage nauyi, abin da ya sa ke zama masu rauni kuma sau da yawa sukan rasa faɗa. Bayan lokacin rutting, maza suna cin abinci sosai.
Barewa Dauda ba shi da haihuwa sosai. A tsawon rayuwarta, mace tana da 'ya'ya 2-3, bayan haka ta shiga tsufa kuma ba ta iya haihuwa. A wannan yanayin, rutuwa na faruwa a kai a kai, kuma namiji yakan rufe kusan dukkanin matan da ke cikin mahaifar tasa kowace shekara. Masana kimiyya sunyi imanin cewa barewar Dauda ta fi kyau a cikin daji.
Ciki na barewar mata Dawud yana ɗaukar tsawon watanni bakwai. Kullum tana haihuwar ɗan maraƙi, wanda da sauri yakan tashi tsaye ya fara tafiya. Da farko, yana ciyar da madarar uwa, amma jim kadan sai ya sauya shuka.
Faananan fawns suna yin nau'in gandun daji. A can, duk matan garken suna kulawa da su, kodayake fawn yana ciyarwa ne kawai daga mahaifiyarsa. Koda mahaifiya ta mutu, faun din ba zai ciyar da wasu mata ba, kuma ba zasu barshi ya sha madararsu ba, don haka ciyarwa da wucin gadi kawai ake yi.
Abokan gaba na barewar Dauda
Hoto: Wata ɗayan dawa David
Baƙin Dawud yana da 'yan kaɗan na gaba yayin da yake cikin daji. Mazauninsu ya sanya barewa ta zama mummunan rauni ga yawancin masu lalata da ba sa son shiga yankin dausayi. Sabili da haka, barewar Dauda dabbobi ne masu aminci da nutsuwa, da wuya su guje wa haɗari.
Babban mai farautar da zai iya yiwa tsoho mai martaba Dauda barazana shine farin damisa. Wannan dabbar tana zaune ne a kasar Sin kuma tana kan gaba a jerin kayan abincin dabbobi na wannan kasar. Bugu da kari, wannan damisa tana da nutsuwa da taka-tsantsan, wanda hakan ya bashi damar farautar barewar Dawud koda a irin wadannan muhallan marasa kyau.
Ba a daɗewa da barewar Dauda ga masu farauta. Saboda rashin kulawarsu, masu farauta ba za su iya farautar tsoho, rauni ko samari kawai ba, har ma da manya. Hanya guda daya da zata kubuta daga hannun muguwar dabbar ita ce ta gudu da zurfi cikin fadama, inda barewar ba zata nitse ba, kuma damisa, mai yiwuwa, na iya wahala.
Hakanan, barewar Dawud tana da siginoni daban-daban na sauti waɗanda ke sanar da danginsu game da haɗarin. Ba kasafai suke amfani da su ba, kodayake suna da ƙarfi sosai kuma suna iya rikitar da mai farautar ɓoye.
Bakin dawa na Dawud, kamar maza na sauran nau'in naman dawa, suna iya kare garkensu daga masu farauta. Suna amfani da ƙaho da ƙafafu masu ƙarfi azaman kariya - har ma suna iya harbi abokan gaba kamar dawakai.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Abin da Deer Dauda yake kama
Dawowar David kusan mutane suka lalata ta gaba ɗaya, kuma kawai saboda ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarcen kwararru, yawancin mutane marasa ƙarfi sun fara murmurewa a cikin gidan zoo. Baran David, da ke zaune a fadamar Tsakiyar China, ya ɓace saboda farauta da ba ta da iko da kuma sare dazuzzuka.
Arshe ya fara faruwa tun daga 1368. Sannan wani ƙaramin garken barewar Dauda ya tsira kawai a cikin gonar daular Ming Imperial. Hakanan ya yiwu a farautar su, amma kawai a cikin dangin sarki. Sauran mutane an hana su farautar wadannan dabbobin, wanda shi ne matakin farko na kiyaye yawan jama'a.
Mishan mishan na Faransa Armand David ya zo China ne a kan batun diflomasiyya kuma ya fara cin karo da dawowar David (wanda daga baya aka sa masa suna). Sai kawai bayan dogon shawarwari, ya shawo kan sarki ya ba da izinin ficewar mutane zuwa Turai, amma a Faransa da Jamus dabbobin suka mutu da sauri. Amma sun samu gindin zama a yankin Ingilishi, wanda kuma ya kasance muhimmin mataki wajen dawo da yawan jama'a.
Sauran abubuwan biyu kuma sun ba da gudummawa ga lalata barewa:
- da fari dai, a cikin 1895 Kogin Yellow ya yi ambaliya, wanda ya mamaye yankuna da yawa inda barewar Dauda ta zauna. Dabbobi da yawa sun nutse, wasu sun gudu ba su da damar kiwo, sauran kuma makiyaya ne masu yunwa suka kashe;
- abu na biyu, sauran dawa da suka rage an lalata su yayin tawayen 1900. Wannan shine yadda rayuwar yawan barewar Sinawa ta ƙare.
Sun tsaya ne kawai a cikin ƙasar a Biritaniya. A lokacin 1900, adadin mutane sun kai kusan 15. Daga nan ne aka kai barewar zuwa mahaifarsu - zuwa China, inda suke ci gaba da hayayyafa cikin aminci a gidan zoo.
Dawakin Dauda
Hotuna: Deer Dauda daga littafin Ja
An lasafta barewar David a cikin Littafin Ja na Duniya. Suna rayuwa ne kawai a cikin fursuna - a gidajen zoo a duniya. Jama'a suna kulawa da kasancewa cikin kwanciyar hankali, kodayake ƙananan ƙananan.
A kasar Sin, akwai shirin gwamnati don rarraba barewar David zuwa yankunan da aka kiyaye. Ana sakin su a hankali cikin tanadi kuma ana sanya musu ido akai-akai, saboda masu farauta, mafarauta da haɗari na iya farfasa rararrun dabbobin nan.
A yanzu haka, yawan barewar da ke duniya ta kai kimanin dabbobi dubu biyu - waɗannan duka zuriyar waɗancan mutane goma sha biyar ne daga yankin Burtaniya. Saki cikin daji, a zahiri, ba a aiwatar dashi, kodayake ana koyar da dabbobi hankali su zauna dabam da mutane.
Bakin Dawuda yana da labari mai ban mamaki wanda yake nuna mana cewa hatta jinsin da ake ganin ya mutu zai iya rayuwa a cikin kwafi daya kuma ya wanzu. Da fatan, barewar Dawud za ta iya komawa cikin daji kuma ta sami madaidaiciya a cikin falalar China.
Ranar bugawa: 21.10.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 09.09.2019 a 12:35
