Bambancin teku da mazaunan kogi suna da ban mamaki. Daga cikin su akwai kyawawan halittu masu kyau, kuma akwai waɗanda, ta fuskar su, suna haifar da tsoro ko ƙi. Na karshen sun hada da kifi loach... A waje, suna kama da maciji, suna jujjuya ra'ayi kuma suna yin sautuka marasa dadi idan an kama su. Koyaya, loach kifi ne mai ban sha'awa sosai, halaye da salon rayuwa waɗanda ya cancanci ƙarin koyo.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Vyun
Loaches dabbobi ne na musamman. Su wakili ne na ɗan ƙaramin rukuni na kifi mai tsawan jiki da sikeli masu santsi. A lebe, waɗannan kifin suna da eriya mai kama da zare. A waje, suna da kamanceceniya da maciji ko eel, amma ba haka bane. Loungiyar ita ce ta gidan Cobitidae, dangin loach. Suna ƙirƙirar keɓaɓɓun halittar loaches. Sunan yana nuna cewa irin waɗannan kifin suna iya yin warkarwa. Jikinsu yana da sassauci, na roba. Riƙe loach a hannu yana da matukar wahala. A cikin ruwa, irin wannan dabbar tana jin daɗi, tana motsi cikin sauri.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Loach kifi ne tare da keɓaɓɓen ƙwarewar halitta. Ba kamar sauran mazauna kogin ba, yana iya jure bushewa daga ruwa. Lokacin da kogin ya kafe, tolojin suna zuwa cikin zurfin zuwa zurfin zurfin - kimanin santimita hamsin. Wannan ya sa ya yiwu ya rayu har ma a ƙarƙashin busasshiyar busasshiyar ƙasa.
Bidiyo: Vyun
Loaches ɓangare ne na babban gidan loaches, wanda a yau ya kai kimanin nau'ikan kifaye dari da saba'in da bakwai. Dukkan kifaye suna haɗuwa cikin zuriya ashirin da shida.
Jinsin loaches yana da girma sosai, daga cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan waɗannan kifin sune:
- misgurnus fossilis ko loach gama gari. An rarraba a Asiya, Turai. Tsawon wannan mazaunin kogin yakan kai santimita talatin. Bayan baya launin ruwan kasa ne, ciki rawaya ne;
- cobitis taenia. A cikin Rasha an kira shi - talakawa tsunkule. Wannan shine mafi karancin dangi. Yana zaune a ƙasashen Turai da yawa, Japan, China, ƙasashen CIS. Tsawon wannan halittar bai wuce santimita goma ba. Launi ya mamaye launin rawaya mai haske;
- misgurnus anguillicaudatus ko Amur loach. Yawan mazaunan wannan kogin suna da yawa a cikin tafkunan Sakhalin, Siberia, China, Asia da Japan. A cikin daji, wannan dabba ta kai tsawon santimita ashirin da biyar. Launin jiki launin ruwan kasa ne mai haske.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Yaya loach yayi kama
Loach din yana da sauƙin ganewa. Wannan kifi ne mai siraran jiki, tsayinsa yakai santimita goma zuwa talatin da biyar. Ma'aunin irin wannan halitta ko dai ba ya nan, ko kuma suna da kadan da santsi. Jikin kifin ya daidaita sosai, wanda ya sa ya zama mai saurin motsi da sauri.
Bambance-bambancen halayyar loaches sune ƙananan kwayoyi da idanu, eriya filamentous dake bakin leɓɓa.
Jikin wannan kifin yana zagaye. Wannan fasalin anatomical ya kasance saboda gaskiyar cewa loach ɗin an daidaita shi don kaifi da gajere iyo. Ba zai iya motsawa ba a karkashin ruwa na dogon lokaci. Wannan dabba ta rinjayi nisa da gajere da kaifi jerks. Fananan ƙananan ƙananan kuma suna zagaye. An rufe gangar jikin da ƙoshin lafiya don ƙarin kariya.
Launin jikin mafi yawan nau'ikan loaches ba a gani ba. Bayan baya launin rawaya-launin ruwan kasa ne masu duhu, ciki yana da launi rawaya mai launin rawaya. Fins din ruwan kasa ne; akwai tsakiyar duhu a tsakiyar kifin, kuma a kan gefen akwai gajerun ratsi. A cikin bayyanar, loaches suna kama da macizai. Saboda wannan dalili, masunta da yawa suna ƙyamar irin wannan kifin, kodayake jita-jita daga ciki suna da daɗi sosai.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Galibi ana kiran loach mutane da wayo suna guje wa haɗari ko amsa kai tsaye. Wannan sunan barkwanci yana da alaƙa da alaƙa da sifofin halittar kifin loach. Suna da komai don gudun tserewa zuwa cikin ruwa.
An raba kifin Loach ta hanyar jinsi zuwa mata da maza. Kuna iya rarrabe su ta wasu siffofin waje. Misali, mata koyaushe sun fi girma. Sun fi maza girma ba kawai a tsayi ba amma kuma a cikin nauyi. Maza suna da tsinkayen tsinkaye. Suna da sifa iri-iri. A cikin mata, fincin fure an zagaye, ba tare da kauri ko wasu fasaloli ba.
A ina loach din yake rayuwa?
Hotuna: Loach a ƙarƙashin ruwa
Loaches dabbobi ne masu zaɓe. Sun dace ne kawai da koguna marasa nutsuwa da wuraren tafki, tare da bishiyoyi a bankunan da ciyayi mai danshi. A saboda wannan dalili, ana iya samun irin waɗannan mazaunan ruwa a cikin hanyoyin kurma, rafuka masu gudana a hankali, wurare masu dausayi, ramuka, a cikin tabkuna da tafkuna masu babban laka. Yawancin lokaci kifayen kalilan ne a cikin irin waɗannan wuraren. Masoya sun fi son zama a ƙasan matattarar ruwa, inda suke samo wa kansu abinci. Waɗannan kifayen suna amfani da mafi yawan lokacinsu a cikin laka, suna zurfin zurfafawa a can.
Saboda kasancewar laka mai yawa, da siradi, waɗannan kifin na iya rayuwa na dogon lokaci koda a cikin fari mai tsanani. Idan fadama, tabki ko ruwa ya bushe, toron zai iya rayuwa. Yana zurfafawa cikin lakar da aka jiƙa, kuma ƙarin gaɓoɓin numfashi yana taimaka mata kiyaye jiki cikin tsari. Aan ƙaramin ɓangare ne na hindgut. Achesauna masu sauƙi suna dacewa da mazauninsu, saboda haka sun zama gama gari a duk faɗin duniya.
Mahalli na asali ya haɗa da yankuna masu zuwa:
- Turai;
- Gabas da Kudancin Asiya;
- Rasha;
- Mongoliya;
- Koriya.
Loaches sun fi son yanayi ko yanayi mai dumi. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a gare su su sami isasshen abinci. A Asiya, yawancin kifayen suna wakiltar wannan kifin. Yawan jama'ar ƙasashen Asiya suna darajar loaches sosai. A can, wannan kifin yana ci gaba da ci da ci. A wasu yankuna, ana amfani da raƙuman ruwa a kimiyance. A cikin ƙasashe da yawa, ana amfani da su azaman kayan kwalliya don gudanar da wasu nazarin dakunan gwaje-gwaje.
Yanzu kun san inda aka sami loach. Bari muga me zai ci.
Menene loach ya ci?
Hotuna: Vyun
Loaches masu kyau farauta. Suna kama da cinye ƙananan mazaunan kogin da babbar sha'awa. Waɗannan kifayen suna samun abincinsu a ƙasan tafkin. Kadan kifayen zasu iya yin alfahari da irin wannan kyakkyawar bayanan farautar. A saboda wannan dalili, filayen ruwa galibi suna tara wasu kifaye daga tafki, wanda kawai ba shi da isasshen abinci. Tench, irin kifin da ake kira Crucian da irin kifi sun fi fama da kunci. Idan kun daidaita kifin da ke sama a cikin ƙaramin tafki ɗaya tare da raƙuman ruwa, to bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci lambar su zata ragu ƙwarai.
Abincin yau da kullun na loach ya haɗa da ɓawon burodi daban-daban, molluscs. Wasu lokutan loaches suna cin laka, da ƙasa, ciyayi iri-iri na kogi. Hakanan, waɗannan mazaunan kogin suna son cin ƙwayoyin kwari: ƙwarin jini, sauro. Waɗannan kwari suna rayuwa ne kawai a cikin tafkunan dausayi. Wani na caviar shima abincin dadi ne na loaches. Waɗannan kifin suna samun saukin su cikin sauri a kowane kusurwa na kogin ko cikin ruwan. Loaches suna cin caviar a cikin adadi mara iyaka.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Kusan dukkan abincin loaches yana rayuwa a ƙasan wani ruwa mai fadama ko kogi. Wannan kifin yana amfani da taɓawa don nemo shi. Babban ɓangaren taɓa loach ɗin shine eriya. Yana da nau'i-nau'i goma daga cikinsu, kuma an sanya eriya a kusurwar bakinsa.
A cikin zaman talala, loach din yana da tsananin walwala. Amma zai iya yin yunwa har na tsawon watanni shida. Rabon abincin "gida" ya hada da asu, kwari, danyen nama da kwai. Kifi yana cin abinci kawai daga ƙasa.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Loach a Rasha
An auna salon loach, mai natsuwa, mai nutsuwa. Suna zaune a zababben ruwan har tsawon rayuwarsu. Sun dauki lokaci mai tsawo suna zurfin zurfin zurfafawa cikin dutsen. Waɗannan kifayen suna zaɓar dausayi, ruwan da ke tsayawa ga mazauninsu, inda ƙarancin kifayen ne ko babu. Achungiyar ta fi son ciyar da mafi yawan lokuta a cikin wuraren da ba su da girma da yawa inda akwai daɗa mai yawa. A cikin irin wannan fadamar da wuraren shan ruwa, akwai iskar oxygen kaɗan, saboda haka sau da yawa zaka iya lura cewa loach yakan tashi zuwa sama don sakin iska mai shaƙa da haɗiye iska mai iska. A irin wannan lokacin, dabbar tana yin kuwwa. Ana iya jin wannan sautin idan ka kama kuma ka riƙe loch ɗin a hannunka.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Loach yana da kyauta ta yanayi tare da abubuwa masu yawa. Don haka, fatarsa tana da saukin kamuwa da yanayin yanayi. Idan yanayin dumi ne, to waɗannan kifayen da kyar suke tashi zuwa saman, kuma a cikin mummunan yanayi (alal misali, kafin ruwan sama) yanayin ruwa ya fara zagayawa tare da su.
Guraben ruwa suna kusan kusan yini duka a cikin rami, inda suke samo wa kansu abinci. Suna cin tsutsotsi, crustaceans, molluscs. Suna son cin abinci akan caviar wani. Achesunƙun ruwa suna yin iyo kaɗan, kaɗan kuma a cikin gajerun hanyoyi. Suna yaudara sosai suna shawo kan matsaloli iri daban-daban a ƙarƙashin ruwa, saboda siffofin jikinsu: sikeli masu santsi, jiki mai tsawo, siffar jiki zagaye. Loaches yana da matukar amfani kuma yana da ƙarfi. Ba sa jin tsoron fari da gurbataccen ruwa. Suna binne kansu sosai a cikin sikari da hibernate idan jikin ruwa ya bushe ba zato ba tsammani. Bayan ruwan sama, sai wadannan kifaye su sake rayuwa.
Yawancin gogaggen masunta suna da'awar cewa rairayin bakin teku na iya yin tafiya a kan hanya kamar macizai. Idan akwai jikkunan ruwa da yawa a kusa, to manyan mutane suna saurin rarrafe daga wannan zuwa wancan. Yana da wahala a yanke hukunci kan yadda gaskiyar wannan gaskiyar take.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Kogin kogi
Tsarin haifuwa a cikin wannan nau'in kifin yana da halaye irin nasa:
- Lokacin bazara shine lokacin dacewa don haifuwa. Ruwa a cikin ƙananan tafkuna ya kamata a dumama gaba ɗaya, rabu da kankara;
- bayan saduwa, mace tana neman wuri mai dacewa don sanya ƙwai. Galibi waɗannan kifayen suna yin ƙwai a cikin dazuzzuka masu yawa kusa da gabar teku. Wasu lokuta ana ajiye ƙwai a cikin tafki na ɗan lokaci, misali, lokacin da kogi yayi ambaliya. A wannan halin, akwai babban haɗarin mutuwar soya lokacin da kogin ya koma bakinsa;
- kwaiyen da aka sanya sun fi girma, suna iya kaiwa milimita 1.9. Wannan ba abin mamaki bane, saboda iyayen irin wannan soyayyar da kansu suna da girman girma. Caviar yana da bawo na bakin ciki, yana iya tsayawa zuwa ganyen tsire-tsire na ruwa;
- bayan barin qwai, toya ya makala ga shuke-shuke kuma ya ci abinci a gwaiduwa. A wannan lokacin, duk gabobinsu da jikinsu suna cikin ci gaba koyaushe, suna mallakar kaddarorin da suka dace. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci, soya fara fara ciyar da kansu.
Suna samo abinci mai dacewa wa kansu tare da taimakon eriya, waɗanda ke aikin taɓawa. Ci gaban ƙwayoyin loach yana faruwa tare da mahimmancin isashshen oxygen. Nan gaba kadan, kifin zai iya daukar iska, yana tashi sama. A cikin matakin larva, jijiyoyin jini masu ƙarfi suna taimaka musu numfashi, sannan kuma gill na waje masu tsayi sosai. Bayan sun zama manya, wadannan gill din suna raguwa cikin girma sannan kuma su bace gaba daya. Ana maye gurbinsu da wasu, gills na gaske.
Halittan makiya na loaches
Hotuna: Yaya loach yayi kama
Loach shine kifi mai banƙyama, mai karko. Ba ta da makiya na zahiri. Wannan ma saboda mazaunin sa. A ƙa'idar, loaches sun fi son zama a cikin ruwa mai dausayi, inda sauran kifayen basa ɓoyewa ko kuma kaɗan ne daga cikinsu. Koyaya, har yanzu akwai dabbobin da ke cin loaches don abinci. Mafi haɗarin abokan gaba na ɓoye shine kifin farauta. Loach wani muhimmin bangare ne na abincin burbot, pike da perch.
Tabbas, kamun loach bashi da sauki koda na kifi ne mai farauta. Loaches na iya ɓoyewa da sauri daga haɗari, ya yi zurfin zurfin zurfafa. Amma wani lokacin ma wannan ba ya taimaka don guje wa mai farautar. Hakanan tsuntsayen sukan kai hari wuraren ruwa. Abincin abincin gashin fuka-fukin ya zama lokacin da yake ƙoƙarin matsawa zuwa wani tafki mai makwabtaka ta ciyawar ciyawa. Wasu tsuntsayen suna gudanar da samun wannan kifin tun daga kasan wata korama da aka bushe da rabi ko fadama. Yana da matukar wuya a ƙasa cewa loach ya zama ganimar wasu dabbobi masu farauta waɗanda suka kasance kusa da su.
Hakanan ana iya kiran kifi kamar maciji abokin gaba. Loach din bai yi kyau sosai ba. Yawancin masunta da yawa, da kama irin wannan kifin ba da gangan ba, sai kawai su jefa shi bakin teku. Sauran masu sha'awar kamun kifi musamman suna kama loaches a cikin adadi mai yawa sannan kuma amfani da su azaman kama.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Vyun
Matsayin kiyayewa na raƙuman ruwa: Leananan Damuwa. Duk da tasirin abubuwa da yawa marasa kyau, loaches yana riƙe da yawan jama'a a yawancin yankuna na asalin mazauninsu. Wannan shi ne saboda ƙwarewar ɗabi'a da ƙwarewar loaches. Na farko, waɗannan kifin suna da yawan gaske. Suna ninka cikin sauri, suna yin ƙwai da yawa a lokaci guda. Abu na biyu, loach kifi ne mai motsawa. Tana iya rayuwa a cikin mawuyacin yanayi.
Wannan mazaunin kogin baya jin tsoron fari, rashin isashshen oxygen. Tana iya rayuwa koda cikin gurɓataccen ruwa, kuma wannan dabba na iya jiran fari a ƙarƙashin babban lalataccen ƙasa. Hakanan Loaches sun san yadda ake motsawa daga wannan tafkin zuwa wancan. Suna rarrafe kamar macizai a kan ciyayi daga wani ruwa zuwa wani. Duk da naci da yawan jama'a, masana kimiyya ba da daɗewa ba sun lura da raguwar yawan loaches.
Wannan saboda tasirin tasirin abubuwan ne masu zuwa:
- bushewa daga fadama, matattarar ruwa. Kodayake filayen ruwa na iya rayuwa a cikin irin wannan yanayi, amma ba na dogon lokaci ba. Bayan ɗan lokaci, suna buƙatar sake ruwa, amma tafki da yawa sun bushe babu makawa;
- cin kifi. A cikin Asiya, loaches shine abincin da mutane suka fi so. A saboda wannan dalili, yawan kifayen da ke yankuna na Asiya na raguwa;
- amfani da shi azaman riba. Masu kamun kifi musamman kama masunta don kamun kifin pike, kifin kifi, kifin kifi.
Loach Shin kifi ne mai kama da maciji wanda ba safai yake haifar da tausayi ba. Koyaya, wannan halitta ce ta musamman mai ban mamaki don rayuwa cikin mawuyacin yanayi. Wannan kifin yana ba da mamaki ba kawai da kamanninta ba, amma kuma tare da ikon iya "tayar da" a zahiri bayan cikakken bushewar tafki ko kogi.
Ranar bugawa: Satumba 26, 2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 11.11.2019 a 12:16
