Caterpillar Shine tsutsa (yaro) na malam buɗe ido da asu. Bayan kamar makonni 2-3, kwari ya zama kunu, kuma ya zama ja bayan mako biyu. Sai wata kwari ta bayyana da fuka-fukai da aka sakata. Caterpillar sanannu ne a matsayin kwari, musamman a masana'antar masaku. Wani nau'in kwari daya na kashe siliki a Yankin Gabas mai Nisa, an san shi da silkworm.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Caterpillar
Akwai sama da nau'ikan kwari 20,000 a duk duniya, kuma an kiyasta cewa akwai wasu da yawa da ba a gano su a matsayin sabbin nau'in malam buɗe ido ba kuma ana samun su akai-akai a yankuna inda babu ɗan mutum, idan akwai. Yawanci, mafi yawan nau'in kwari kwari ne na noma kamar yadda zasu iya bi ta cikin filaye, galibi suna barin manyan ramuka waɗanda suke ɓata tsire-tsire.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Wasu nau'in kwari suna da matukar guba, musamman wadanda ke rayuwa a dazuzzuka. Sauran nau'ikan suna da dafi kawai a cikin siffar kwari, ma'ana cewa lokacin da suka rikida zuwa malam buɗe ido ko asu, ba su da dafinsu.
Bidiyo: Caterpillar
Butterflies da kwari suna ciyar da ƙuruciyarsu a cikin siffar kwari waɗanda ake kira matakin larva. Caterpillars suna ciyarwa koyaushe. Sun yi girma da fata suna zubar da shi sau da yawa. Bayan zoben karshe, kwari ya manna zuwa reshe kuma ya shiga matakin ɗalibi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Caterpillars na amfani da zaren siliki daga gland na siliki don juya kifin mai kariya. A cikin kokon, jan na yi wani aiki da ake kira metamorphosis. Wsafannun kafa shida na caterpillar sun rikide sun zama na ƙwarin babban kwari, ɗayan faratan sun ɓace, fukafukai suna girma, kuma kwari ya bayyana a cikin siffar kyakkyawan malam buɗe ido.
Caterpillars sun bambanta da girma, launi, da kamanni bisa ga jinsinsu. Wasu kwari suna da launi mai haske, yayin da wasu nau'ikan ke kama da maras kyau idan aka kwatanta su. Wasu kwari suna da gashi yayin da wasu kuma santsi ne. Babban mahimmin kwari shi ne tsoratar da masu cin nama da hana su cin abinci.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Yadda kwari ya yi kama
Caterpillars mafi yawanci sune:
- babban farin kwari (Pieris brassicae), waɗanda ake kira da manya manyan kabeji farin butterflies. Caterpillars suna tara manyan ƙwayoyin mustard a cikin abincinsu, kuma jikinsu mai haske, mai motsa jiki yana faɗakar da masu yiwuwar cin abincin su daɗin ɗanɗano;
- karamin kwari (Aglais urticae). Rayuwa tare yana amfanar kwari saboda zasu iya hade jikinsu gaba daya, suna aiki a matsayin babbar kwayar halitta, suna kokarin tsoratar da masu cin nama. A ƙarshe, kowane ɗan kwari yana rarrafe dabam don ɗan ɗabi'a. Daga watan Mayu zuwa Yuni, ana iya ganin kwatar kunkuru, tare da manya masu yuwuwar aiki a cikin shekara;
- caterpillar-wakafi (Polygonia c-album). Caterpillars suna canza launi sosai a cikin matakan larva, amma tsofaffin kwari sune mafi halayyar. Ntanyen lemu da baƙi masu ƙuna sun haɓaka farin “sirdi” alama, kama da faduwar tsuntsu, wanda ke tsoratar da maharan;
- Caterpillar mai tsoma jini (Tyria jacobaeae). Girma zuwa 28mm, waɗannan kwari masu launin baki da rawaya suna da banbanci sosai kuma suna da sauƙin ganewa kamar suna sanye da rigar rugby;
- katanga na ramin azurfa (Phalera bucephala). Wannan bakin kwari mai launin rawaya da rawaya ya kai tsayin 70 mm kuma yana da gashin gashi da ke harzuka mutane kuma ya aikata aiki mai kyau na kiyaye masu farauta;
- kwari na kodadde mai yauki dunkule (Calliteara pudibunda). Caterpillars na iya yin girma har zuwa 45mm kuma su kai cikakken girma cikin kimanin watanni biyu. Bristles da ke jikin katar ɗin sanannen fata ne da ke damun mutane. Manya ne kyakkyawan kwari mai launin toka tare da eriya mai kama da wuta;
- Maple lancet caterpillar (Acronicta aceris). Gani ne na birni mai haske mai ruwan lemu mai haske da launukan lu'u-lu'u fari da fari tare da bayan;
- caterpillar lancet-psi (Acronicta psi). Bayan ƙyanƙyashewa, wanda yakan ɗauki mako guda kafin ƙyanƙyashe, kwari ya girma zuwa 40 mm cikin kimanin kwanaki talatin. Ana iya samun gwairan gira daga Yuli zuwa farkon Oktoba. Whitish manya suna aiki daga tsakiyar watan Mayu zuwa Agusta. Raƙumansu na rawaya yana yin kamun kafa ne akan mai tushe.
Yanzu kun san yadda kwari yake kama. Bari mu bincika inda aka samo wannan kwarin.
A ina kwari ke rayuwa?
Photo: Caterpillar a cikin yanayi
Babban farin katango mai tsawon mm 45 ne kawai kuma yana cin kabeji, latas da nasturtium tsawon makonni huɗu - wanda shine dalilin da yasa manoma da masu aikin lambu ke ɗaukar su a matsayin kwari. Koren ƙwai na ƙaramin kunkuru ya sauka a gungu a kan tarko, yayin da ɓawon ɓawon baki da rawaya sai ya zauna tare don samar da gidan yanar gizo na siliki na yau da kullun kuma ya ci ganye kusa da shi don ya kai tsawon 30 mm. Yayin da suke girma, sukan matsa zuwa sabbin tsirrai suna gina sabbin raga, suna barin tsofaffi, cikakkun fankoki;
Caterpillar ɗin wakafi ya girma har zuwa 35 mm kuma yana rayuwa akan hops da nettles. Ana iya ganin waɗannan kwari daga ƙarshen Afrilu zuwa tsakiyar Satumba, amma malam buɗe ido yana aiki a duk shekara. Sun sami raguwar raguwa a cikin 1800s, mai yiwuwa saboda raguwar dasa abincin da suka fi so, hops, amma tun daga wannan sun sami farkawa. Can kwari mai ɗaukar jini ɗan ƙasa, ba a cikin pupa a kan bishiya kamar sauran kwari ba. Manya suna tashi daga Mayu zuwa farkon watan Agusta. Akwai bunkasar cikin gida da hauhawar yawan jama'a.
Caterpillars na ramin azurfa ya cika girma cikin kwanaki 30 kuma ya zama ɗan ƙasa a lokacin sanyi. Ana samun caterpillars na kwari da aka bugo tsakanin Yuli zuwa farkon Oktoba. Manya suna aiki daga ƙarshen watan Mayu zuwa Yuli, kuma an tsara alamun su kamar suna da karyayyar fuka. An samo kwariran kwari na Pallidum akan bishiyoyi da yawa da shrubs, gami da birch da hops. Ana iya ganin su daga ƙarshen watan Yuni zuwa farkon Oktoba, amma a lokacin bazara ana iya ganin su suna rarrafe a cikin neman wuri don ɗalibin yara. Manya suna tashi tsakanin Yuli zuwa Agusta.
Caterpillar ɗin maple lancet yana rayuwa akan bishiyoyin jirgin sama, kirjin dawakai, da kuma noman gona da taswirar filin. Ana samun kwari daga Yuli zuwa Satumba. A cikin hunturu, suna pupate a ƙasa, a cikin tarkace mai kama da haushi da ganyen da suka faɗi. Manya suna aiki daga tsakiyar watan Yuni zuwa farkon watan Agusta.
Menene kwari?
Hotuna: Red kyankuru
Caterpillar ita ce ciyawar tsire-tsire, amma abincin kwari da malam buɗe ido ya bambanta. Butterflies suna amfani da harsuna kamar na tattaka don shan tsirrai daga furanni, wanda shine karbuwa wanda ke faruwa yayin aiwatar da wata kwari ta rikide ta zama malam buɗe ido. Caterpillars suna ciyarwa galibi akan ganye, shuke-shuke, da shuke-shuken furanni, kuma galibi ana iya samun manyan ramuka a cikin ganyayyaki, wanda ke nuni da kasancewar kwari.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Caterpillar shine ainihin kayan abinci - jakar cylindrical don narkar da tsire-tsire. A kwanakin ko makonnin da suke aiki, kwari zai sha nauyin kansa sau da yawa, komai abincin da ya zaɓa.
Misali, kwari na wakafi yana cin abinci a ƙasan ganye tun yana ƙarami, amma yayin da yake girma, sai ya fara ciyarwa a ɓangaren na sama. Tsarin ciyarwa na kyankuruwar jini mai rarrabu ne na daban, yana ba da kyan gani ga mahautan da suke ci. Wadannan kwari suna ciyarwa cikin rukuni-rukuni, galibi lokacin rana, daga Yuli zuwa farkon Satumba. Lokacin da ganyen shukar suka ɓace, wani lokacin sukan koma ga cin naman mutane.
Caterpillar na ramin azurfa yana ciyar da ganyen itacen oak. Bayan ƙyanƙyashewa daga tarin kwai, tsutsa suna cin abinci tare, suna barin su kaɗai lokacin da suka girma zuwa manyan girma. Caterpillars na maple, wanda tsayinsa yakai 40 mm, wani lokacin yakan faɗo daga bishiyar da suke ciyarwa. Katako mai lancet psi caterpillars yana ciyar da bishiyoyi masu fadi da shuke-shuke kamar hawthorn, apple, da birch.
Yawancin nau'o'in kwari an san su da masu cin nama kuma suna ciyar da kwari iri-iri. Mafi yawan kwari kwari ne na ciyawa kuma akasari suna ciyar da ganyaye, kodayake wasu nau'ikan suna ciyar da dukkan sassan shukar, fungi, da dabbobin da suka mutu, gami da sauran kwari.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Caterpillar baƙar fata
Caterpillars na iya zama masu saurin canzawa kamar yadda suke a zahiri suna fita daga tsutsotsi masu raɗaɗi zuwa kyawawan malam buɗe ido, amma wannan ba shine kawai halayen da ke canza su ba. Caterpillars ana yawan canza kama tsakanin shuke-shuke saboda launinsu, kuma fatarsu mai laushi galibi tana kama da ƙaya a kan reshe. Wannan damar sake kamanni na taimakawa kwari su rayu har sai sun kai ga balaga kuma sun fara kamuwa da cuta - daga pupa zuwa malam buɗe ido.
Matasan koyarda yara suna farawa ne da wata katuwar katuwar balagaggiya, wacce ta manna kanta ga bawon itaciya ko wani abu mai tauri, sannan kuma ta raba fatar don bayyana jan. Canji yana faruwa a cikin jaririn lokacin da kyanwa ta fara tarwatsewa cikin ruwa kuma wasu cellsan ƙwayoyin da suka rage ne suka zama babban malam buɗe ido.
Bayan kuruciya ya gama maganinsa a cikin malam buɗe ido, zai buɗe kuma malam buɗe ido zai bayyana. Wannan ba ya ɓatar da lokacin saduwa da kwan ƙwai, saboda yawancin butterflies suna da ɗan gajeren rayuwa na 'yan makonni. Eggswai na malam buɗe ido na tsarke tsutsa na kwari kuma sake zagayowar ya sake farawa.
Yawancin lokaci, akan hanyar haɓakar malam buɗe ido, sauye-sauye abubuwa shida suna faruwa, kowannensu yana motsawa ta hanyar sakin ƙwayar ecdysone mai narkewa daga glandar nono. Halin yarinta da aka rufe ta glandon endocrine yana rage saurin ci gaba a cikin girma: kodayake matakin homonin yayi yawa, yana kiyaye kyanwa a cikin tsutsa.
Koyaya, ɓoyewar homon ɗin yara yana jinkiri a kan lokaci. Sai kawai lokacin da ta faɗi ƙasa da mawuyacin matakin da narkar da abubuwa ke haifar da pupa da ɗalibin yara. A wannan lokacin, akwai rarraba kayan abinci mai gina jiki, kuma daga ƙarshe manya zasu iya haɓaka fasali. Lokacin da matakin ƙarancin ƙwayar yara ya faɗi zuwa kusan sifili, zafin ƙarshe na faruwa a cikin balagagge.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Wasu kwari biyu
Caterpillars suna shirye don zama butterflies daga haihuwa. Koda a cikin mafi kankanin kwari, wanda aka kyankyashe daga ƙaramin ƙwai, ƙullunan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin gaɓoɓi kamar su eriya, fuka-fuki, ƙafafu da al'aura sun riga sun fara aiki kuma an ƙaddara su zama manya. Ana kiran su fayafai na hoto (masu faɗi da zagaye), ba zasu iya girma da haɓaka ba saboda yawan wankan jego.
Yayin da tsutsa ke cin abinci, hanjinsa, tsokoki da wasu gabobin ciki suna girma da girma, amma faifan diski ana danne su na dan lokaci kuma suna bacci. Caterpillar yayi hali kamar mai rayuwa kyauta, ciyarwa, girma, amma tayi cikin takaici a ci gaba.
Lokacin da ya kai girman girma, ana fitar da homonin moulting, ecdysone. Yana zubar da fatarsa sau da yawa don amsa ga ecdysone, kowane lokaci yana yin sabon zamani (mataki), amma hormone na yara yana kiyaye shi a cikin kwari, yana hana ci gaba da ci gaba har sai hankalinsa ya kusanci girmansa, kuma ƙwanƙwasawar ƙarshen ta ragu.
A shekaru na biyar kuma na ƙarshe na ɗan kwari, ƙwayoyin diski sun riga sun fara fitowa daga dormancy da aka tilasta su girma. Halin yarinta yanzu ya fadi ƙasa da ƙofar kuma hawan gaba a cikin ecdysone yana motsa canjin ɗalibai. Faya-fayan hoton da aka shimfida ya fara bunkasa ba tare da an hana su ba. Kowane ɗayan yana ninka cikin dome, sannan ya ɗauki siffar safa. An tsara tsakiyar kowane faifai don ya zama wata gaɓa - ƙarshen yatsan kafa ko na fika.
Mafi yawan kitsen tsutsar ciki ana sarrafa shi zuwa halayen manya, waɗanda suke haɗuwa a cikin ƙwarjin ciki na pupa. A wannan matakin, cikin ciki ya ƙunshi yawan miya mai gina jiki don ciyar da ƙwayoyin diski na amfrayo yayin da suke kammala ɓata lokaci. Surarshen ƙaruwa a cikin ecdysone yana faruwa ne a tsakiyar kusan ƙananan ƙuruciya - kuma yana motsa fitowar babban malam buɗe ido don saduwa, watsawa, da ƙwai.
Halittan makiya na kwari
Photo: Yadda kwari ya yi kama
Saboda kankantar su da siffar su irin ta tsutsotsi, dabbobi da yawa suna farautar kwari, amma manyan makiyan kwari sune tsuntsaye da kwari. Hakanan ƙananan dabbobi masu rarrafe da dabbobi masu rarrafe sukan farautar kwari.
Caterpillars ba sa iya tserewa daga masu farauta saboda suna tafiya a hankali kuma ba su da fikafikai tukuna. Wannan yana nufin cewa ko dai su dogara da sake kamanni don hana masu farautar su lura da su (wanda ya bamu kwari wanda yake kama da ganyaye, mai tushe, da sauransu), ko kuma sun zama masu haske da kaifi, to shi ke nan. duk wanda yake son cin su ya san cewa zai zama mummunan ra'ayi.
Ana samun kwarkwata a kusan dukkan yanayi a duniya, shi ya sa masu farautar su ke da yawa.
Baya ga tsuntsaye, kwari suna cin abinci akan:
- mutane - Caterpillars abinci ne na mutane a sassan duniya kamar Botswana a kudancin Afirka, da kuma a ƙasashen gabashin Asiya kamar China. A zahiri, ana samun tsire-tsire a kowace rana a waɗannan yankuna saboda ƙimar abincin su mai yawa. Idan aka kwatanta da naman shanu, kayan lambu da kifi, kwari ya ƙunshi ƙarin furotin da mai;
- Wasps an san shi da daukar kwari zuwa gidansu na abinci a matsayin abincin yaransu. Wasps yana da amfani ga lambun kamar yadda sukan kama kwari da kusan kowane irin girma, saboda haka sanya su cikin kulawa. Koyaya, wasps ya kasance yana ciyar da katako mai yawa a bazara da farkon bazara. Yayin da lokacin ke karatowa, al'ummominsu suna yin asid kuma abincin su yana canzawa zuwa wasu wadanda suka fi wadatar sukari;
- ladybugs ƙanana ne, masu zagaye, masu launuka masu haske da ƙuraro irin na ƙwari waɗanda ke ciyarwa galibi a kan aphids. Madara na iya cin sauran kwari, musamman kwari. Saboda aphids da caterpillars suna da lahani ga shuke-shuke, masu lambu suna amfani da matan gida don sarrafa su ta ilimin halitta. Caterpillars suna da jiki masu laushi kuma 'yan luwadi suna samunsu da ɗanɗano, musamman ma ƙananan.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Caterpillar
Kusan kowace shekara 10, ana samun ɓarkewar ɓarna a cikin dazuzzuka. Caterpillars da ke fitowa a ƙarshen Yuni da farkon Yuli suna cin adadin ganye mai ban mamaki yayin da suke girma. Kwarin gandun daji sun fi son ganyen katako, musamman sukarin ganyen magarya. Barkewar yanzu ta fara bazarar da ta gabata, lokacin da yawancin kwari masu yawa da ke taƙama da gandun daji da yawa. Bayan abubuwan da suka gabata, wannan ɓarkewar ya kamata ya ƙare a cikin shekara ɗaya ko biyu, amma ba kafin ya tashi a sikelin ba.
Wani nau'in kuda ne ke farautar kwari a cikin daji wanda ake kiransa da "ƙawancen abokantaka," kuma yawan su yana ƙaruwa ne sakamakon ɓarkewar ɓarke bayan ɗan gajeren jinkiri. Hakanan kwayar gandun daji da kwayar cuta da naman gwari ke sarrafawa. Wadannan ƙwayoyin cuta suna zuwa ne a cikin lu'ulu'u ne na lu'ulu'u wanda ke faruwa a cikin ƙasa da saman ganye. Suna lalata kwari ne kawai kuma suna iya haifar da yawan mace-mace yayin ɓarkewar cuta.
Cire ganyayen kwari ɗayan hawan yanayi ne na yau da kullun. Akwai ma wata shaidar da ke nuna cewa adadin pellets na fecal pellets da caterpillars ke samarwa yana ba bishiyoyi irin wannan haɓakar haɗin nitrogen ɗin da suke girma cikin annashuwa a cikin shekara guda bayan taɓarɓarewa idan aka kwatanta da shekarun da ba tare da zane ba.Duk da yake babu shaidar kimiyya ko bayanai na dogon lokaci daga samfurin shekara-shekara, da alama yawancin kyankuruwar ayau sun yi ƙaranci fiye da na wasan shekarun da suka gabata.
Caterpillar Shin karamar dabba mai kama da tsutsa wacce zata gina kwakwa kuma daga ƙarshe ta zama malam buɗe ido ko asu. Caterpillars suna da sassan jiki goma sha uku, tare da nau'i biyu na gajere kafafu akan haƙarƙarin kuma nau'i-nau'i da yawa akan ciki, idanu shida a kowane gefen kai, da gajeren eriya. Caterpillars suna ciyarwa galibi akan ganyaye kuma yawanci suna da launuka masu haske.
Ranar bugawa: 23.09.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 25.09.2019 a 13:45
