Chum Shin kifi ne na dangin kifin. Na mallakar dabbobi ne masu mahimmanci saboda taushi, nama mai daɗi da kuma caviar mai tamani. Ana kiran shi galibi. Chum salmon, bi da bi, ya kasu kashi da yawa, har ma zuwa manyan jinsi biyu. Dukkanin jinsunan da suke wanzuwa a yau suna kamanceceniya da kamanni, suna da salon rayuwa iri ɗaya da mazauni. Banda shine salmon Sakhalin chum, wanda aka tsara shi musamman don kiwo a ƙarƙashin yanayin wucin gadi.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Keta
Ba a fahimci matakan juyin halittar wannan kifin sosai saboda rashin bayanan kimiyya. Masanan Ichthyologists suna jayayya cewa farkon wakilan kifin kifi na zamani sun wanzu a cikin kogunan Arewacin Amurka kimanin shekaru miliyan 50 da suka gabata. Ya kasance ƙarami a cikin girma kuma yayi kama da launin toka a cikin bayyanar sa da salon sa. Saboda kasancewar wannan dangin a tsarin juyin halitta dole su rayu a cikin yanayi daban-daban, suna da matukar damuwa da sauyin yanayin wurin zama.
Dangane da zane-zanen dutsen, zamu iya cewa tsoffin magabatan kifin kifi na zamani sun riga sun zauna a tafkin Tekun Fasifik kimanin shekaru miliyan 10 da suka gabata. Wasu nau'in kifi suna zaune a manyan tabkuna.
Bidiyo: Keta
Yawancin jinsunan kifin kifi sun dadaddu. Daya daga cikin halittu mafi kyawu kuma mai ban mamaki shine "kifin kifin saber". An sanya masa suna ne saboda damisa mai sabuwa saboda kasancewar doguwar, kifi maras halaye. Tsawonsu ya kai santimita 5-6 a cikin manyan mutane.
Lokaci mafi dacewa a cikin tarihi da cigaban halittar kifin kifi ya zo kimanin shekaru miliyan 2-3.5 da suka gabata. A wannan lokacin ne aka raba salmonids zuwa jinsuna, kowane ɗayansu sun mallaki yankin da yake zaune.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Yaya chum salmon yake?
Wannan wakilin dangin kifin salmon yakan kwashe tsawon rayuwarsa a cikin ruwan teku. Dangane da waɗannan, yana da launi na yau da kullun ga mazaunan ruwa: azurfa-bluish tare da fitarwa. A yankin baya, kifin yana da launi mai duhu, a yankin ciki ya fi sauƙi. Wannan launi yana bawa kifin damar kasancewa ba a sani ba a cikin ruwa da kuma ƙasa. Kifin kifin yana da halaye da halaye da yawa.
Hankula alamun waje:
- babban jiki na elongated, elongated shape;
- da ɗan matse, ɓoye tarnaƙi;
- firam da kalar adipose suna dan kaura zuwa wutsiya kuma suna da daga gashin 8 zuwa 11;
- kan ya fi girma a bayan bangon jiki kuma yana da siffar mazugi;
- bakin yana da fadi, akwai hakora wadanda ba su ci gaba ba a cikin bakin;
- babu tabo mai duhu da ratsi a cikin baki;
- an rufe jiki da sikeli masu matsakaici;
- akwai babban kwalliyar kwalliya ba tare da sanarwa ba.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Yayin da ake juyawa, yanayin jikin da kamannin kifin yana canzawa sosai. Jiki yana kara girma kuma ya fi fadi, wani sammako ne a bayansa. Muƙamuƙin ya fi girma, haƙoran sun yi ta girma kuma su yi tsayi da yawa. Launi ya zama ruwan kasa, rawaya, koren ko zaitun. Raɓaɓɓu masu launi na mulufi ko hoda suna bayyana a gefen gefe na jiki, waɗanda suke yin duhu a kan lokaci.
Wasu kifin na iya girma zuwa manya-manyan girma. Jikin Dina na iya kaiwa santimita 60-80, kuma nauyinta na iya wuce kilogram 10.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Dangane da bayanan hukuma, matsakaicin girman jikin kifin kifi shine mita daya da rabi, kuma nauyinsa yakai kilo 16!
Kifin da ke zuwa sifaɗa yawanci yana da tsayin jiki na kusan santimita 50-65. Girman jikin kifin salmon na bazara ya fi ƙanƙan da girman kifin da yawa.
A ina ne kifin salmon yake rayuwa?
Hotuna: Chum salmon a Rasha
Salmon kifin yana yawan rayuwarsa a cikin ruwan gishiri kusa da yankin bakin teku. Babban mazaunin kifin kifin shine kwarin Tekun Fasifik. Kifi galibi ana kiransa kifi mai lalacewa saboda a zahiri yana rayuwa ne a cikin teku, kuma yana zuwa fage ne a bakin koguna. Yana da kyau a lura cewa don samarda kifin kifin kifin kifi yana kokarin gano bakin kogunan wanda shi kansa ya fito a matsayin soya. Ruwa na faruwa a cikin kogunan ruwa a cikin Gabas ta Tsakiya, ƙasashen Asiya, Arewacin Amurka daga California zuwa Alaska.
A matsayin yankuna na mazaunin zama da abinci na dindindin, kifin ya zaɓi ruwan dumi na Tekun Pacific - ruwan Kuro-Sivo na karkashin ruwa.
Yankin yanayin kifin kifin:
- Tekun Okhotsk;
- Tekun Bering;
- Tekun Japan.
Ruwa yana faruwa a bakin kogi. A wannan lokacin, ana iya samun kifi a cikin koguna kamar su Lena, Kolyma, Indigirka, Yana, Penzhira, Poronaya, Okhota, da sauransu. Chum salmon kifi ne mara zurfin ruwa. Yawancin mutane suna rayuwa a zurfin da bai wuce mita 10 ba. Kifi suna ciyar da wani ɓangare mai mahimmanci na rayuwarsu a ƙaura ta abinci. Wannan lokacin na iya karawa daga shekaru 2.5 zuwa 10.
Masanan Ichthyologists sun lura cewa daga duk wakilan dangin salmon da ke zaune a cikin ruwan Tekun Fasifik, kifin kifin ne yake da mafi yawan wuraren zama. A wasu yankuna na Rasha, musamman a Kamchatka da Sakhalin, kifin salmon yana zaune a tafkunan roba da aka tsara don noman kifi don amfanin masana'antu.
Menene kifin kifin salmon yake ci?
Photo: Chum kifi
Yayin da kifin ke tsiro, salon rayuwarsu na canzawa. Lokacin da ya kai girman mafi kyau da nauyin jiki wanda yake da aminci sosai ga wanzuwa a kan manyan tekuna, zai fara haifar da salon rayuwa mai cutarwa. Yayinda ake kitse kifin yana buƙatar abinci mai yawa, wanda kawai za'a iya samun sa a cikin teku.
Bayan soyawar ta girma, sai su fara zamewa a hankali cikin bahar. A can sukan taru ƙungiya-ƙungiya kuma su sami wurare masu ɓoye, ɓoyayyun wurare waɗanda suke ɓoyewa har sai sun isa mafi girman girman su.
Tare da shekaru, kifin ya sauya zuwa salon rayuwar farauta kuma ya ci ganima mafi girma. A wannan lokacin, ana buƙatar adadi mai yawa na ganima domin nauyin yau da kullun da haɓaka mai girma don saduwa da ƙa'idodi.
Samar da abinci ga manya:
- gerbil;
- herring;
- narke;
- karamin yawo;
- anchovies;
- squid;
- sardines;
- gobies.
Saboda kasancewar kifin yana rayuwa a wata makaranta, shi ma yana farauta a makarantu. Takamaiman canza launi yana taimaka musu ba kawai don kasancewa daga abokan gaba ba, har ma ga abincinsu. Sau da yawa ya isa kifi ya daskare kawai yayin jiran abin sa. Lokacin da abinci mai yuwuwa ya matso kusa-kusa, kifin ya jefa kuma ya kama ganimar. Wasu lokuta makarantar kifin kifin kifi zata afka cikin makarantar wasu kifaye kuma kawai tana kama duk wanda bashi da lokacin buya.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Chum salmon cikin ruwa
Abu ne mai yawa ga wannan wakilin dangin kifin salmon su koma wuraren haihuwarsu. Kifin Salmon kusan a cikin ɗari bisa ɗari na shari'ar a lokacin ɓarnawar lokacin ninkaya zuwa wuraren da kanta aka haife shi. Wannan sifa ce ta halayyar da ta zama babban ma'aunin da masana ilimin kimiya suka raba kifin kifin zuwa gida biyu bisa ƙa'idar ƙasa - Arewacin Amurka da Asiya. A karkashin yanayin yanayi, ba a cire taron su ba.
A kan yankin Tarayyar Rasha, harajin Asiya yana rayuwa da asali.
Dangane da yankuna mazaunin, masana ilimin kimiyyar lissafi sun gano yawancin jinsunan wannan nau'in:
- harajin arewa;
- Sakhalin;
- Amur;
- Tekun Okhotsk.
Bayan toya ta girma har zuwa girma, manya, ba sa zama a cikin rafuka kamar sauran membobin dangin salmon. Don haɓaka wadataccen nauyin jiki tsawon shekaru, yana shiga cikin buɗe teku. Da farko, mutanen da ba su balaga ba suna ci gaba da kasancewa kusa da bakin teku a wasu keɓaɓɓun wurare. A karkashin yanayi mai kyau da samuwar abinci, nauyin kifin yana ƙaruwa da kusan kashi 2.5-3% a kowace rana. A wannan lokacin, lokacin da girman kifin ya kai santimita 30-40, sai ya tafi neman yankin da yake akwai wadataccen abinci. Sau da yawa, irin waɗannan tafiye-tafiye na iya ɗaukar shekaru da yawa.
Kayan kifin ba kifi ɗaya bane, yana haɗuwa a makarantu da yawa. Yawancinsu suna zaune ne a yankunan arewacin Tekun Fasifik. Lokacin bazara ya zo kuma ruwan ya dumi, sai yayi ƙaura zuwa gabar arewacin Amurka. Bayan wani lokaci, garken tumaki da yawa sun kasu kashi biyu zuwa manyanta da wadanda ba su balaga ba. Waɗannan kifayen da ba su da cikakke game da zuriyarsu ana aika su zuwa yankunan kudu. Yayinda yake girma da girma, kifin kifin mai siyarwa ya zama mai farauta na gaske.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Chum
Balaga ta fara tsakanin shekaru 3.5 da 6.5. Na farko da ya buɗe lokacin kiwo wasu mutane ne na tseren bazara. Mafi yawa daga cikin matan da suka haihu sune ƙananan kifi, waɗanda shekarunsu basu girmi shekaru bakwai ba. Kashi 16-18% ne kawai mata sama da shekaru bakwai.
Wakilan yanayin bazara sun fara bazuwa a ƙarshen bazara, farkon kaka, daidai lokacin da ruwa ke da dumi sosai, kuma matsakaicin zafin sa bai sauka ƙasa da digiri 14 ba. Wakilan tsarin kaka sun tsiro a lokacin bazara tare da farkon yanayin sanyi. Matsayi mafi kyau don spawn ba yankuna masu zurfin zurfi bane, inda zurfin bai wuce mita biyu ba. Nau'in da ke cikin irin waɗannan wurare bai kamata ya zama mai ƙarfi ba, kuma pebbles, pebbles ko tsakuwa sun fi dacewa a matsayin ƙasan ƙasa.
Bayan an sami wuri mafi kyau, sai mace ta shirya wurin don taƙama. Na farko, tare da taimakon busawa mai ƙarfi tare da wutsiya, yana share farfajiyar ƙasan a wurin da zata fantsama. Bayan haka, a daidai wannan hanyar, tana fitar da rami a cikin ƙasa, zurfinsa na iya kaiwa rabin mita. A kowace irin wannan ramin, mace daya na iya yin kwai kusan 6-7. Jimlar nauyin caviar na iya isa ɗaya da rabi zuwa kilo biyu. Sa'annan kuma maza ke taki shi, kuma mace a hankali kuma ta dogara ga binne shi a cikin ƙasa.
Kifin Salmon kifi ne wanda yake da kyawon gaske. Femaleaya daga cikin mace ɗaya na iya ƙirƙirar har zuwa uku ko huɗu irin waɗannan abubuwan haɗuwa a yankuna daban-daban yayin lokacin haɓakawa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Bayan kwanciya, jefa ƙwai da ƙirƙirar kama, duk kifin ya mutu cikin kimanin wata ɗaya. Wannan yanayi ana ba shi yanayi ta yadda kifi zai iya barin wuraren da aka hayayyafa ya rarraba a kogin don kiyaye bala'in muhalli.
Lokacin shiryawa shine kimanin kwanaki 120-140. Bayan wannan lokaci, amfrayo suna fitowa daga ƙwai, waɗanda aka sanya a cikin jakar kwai ta musamman. Yana aiwatar da aikin kariya kuma yana bawa amfrayo damar cigaba ba tare da barin qwai ba. Bayyanar farko da aka toya soya yana faruwa a ƙarshen Afrilu, farkon watan Mayu. A wannan lokacin, soyayyen ya taru a ƙungiya kuma ya ɓuya a cikin ciyawar bakin teku, duwatsu. Saboda takamaiman launin taguwar, soyayen ya ci gaba da kasancewa har zuwa yawancin masu lalata.
Abokan gaba na ket
Photo: Yaya chum salmon yake?
Chum kifin kifin yana dacewa sosai don zama a cikin teku. Tana da launi mafi kyau duka, wanda ke ba shi damar jira don farauta, haɗuwa da saman ƙasa, ko ruwan teku, amma kuma ɓoyewa daga abokan gaba ta wannan hanyar. Koyaya, har yanzu tana da isassun makiya. A kowane mataki na ci gabanta, yana da adadi mai yawa na makiya. Sauran dabbobin da ke cin ruwa suna lalata kama kifin salmon ta hanyar cin kwayayenta, farautar soya, da kuma ta manya.
Babban abokan gaba na soya:
- Asiya ta narke;
- char;
- furfura;
- kunja;
- burbot;
- ƙarami
- lenok;
- malma;
- fitila
Babban kifin yana da abokan gaba ba kawai a cikin ruwan teku ba. Tana da isassun makiya waɗanda ke rayuwa a ƙasa. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa za ta iya iyo a cikin ruwa mara zurfi kuma ta zauna a yankin bakin teku.
Makiyan manya sun hada da:
- beyar;
- hatimi;
- kogin gull;
- beluga kifi whale;
- otter;
- nutse;
- tern;
- merganser.
An ba mutum wuri na musamman tsakanin magabtan kifi. Yana farautar ta a sikelin masana'antu. Caviar da jan namansa suna da darajar gaske. Anyi jita-jita daga irin wannan kifin a matsayin abinci na gaske, abin gwaninta, kuma yana da daraja sosai koda a tsakanin gourmets.
An kama kifin kifin da amfani da raga da seines. A cikin yankin Tarayyar Rasha, an kama kifin kifin a tsakiyar rafin kogi da yankunan estuarine na teku. An girka tsire-tsire masu sarrafa kifi a kusa da manyan wuraren kamun kifi don kauce wa lalacewar nama da caviar.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Chum kifin
A yau, yawan kifaye a duniya ba abin damuwa bane. Wannan yana sauƙaƙe ta babban aikin haihuwa. Koyaya, a yankin ƙasar Rasha, yawan alƙaluma ya ragu sosai a cikin rabin karnin da ya gabata. Wannan ya sami sauƙin ta fiskar kamun kifi da yawan mafarauta. Don rage kamun kifi a yankuna na mahalli na asali, an ƙirƙiri wuraren kula da wucin gadi na musamman a Sakhalin da Kamchatka, inda ake kiɗa kifi don amfanin masana'antu.
A yankin ƙasar Rasha, kula da masunta koyaushe suna sintiri a yankunan da ke da ƙarancin mazaunin kifi da faɗa da masu farauta. Hakanan, ana kiyaye yawan jama'ar kifin salmon ta hanyar doka daga kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba a ma'aunin masana'antu. Ana ba da izinin kamun kifi na zaman kansa, da kamun kifin na masana'antu bayan an sami izini kuma sun sami lasisi na musamman.
Rage yawan adadin kifin salmon ya sami sauƙin ta hanyar kamuwa da shi ta wani babban sikelin ta Jafananci kimanin rabin karni da suka gabata. A wancan lokacin, sun shimfida raga a kan iyaka da USSR na kilomita 15,000. Sakamakon irin waɗannan ayyuka, kifin kifin ba zai iya komawa Sakhalin ba, Kamchatka da wuraren da aka saba haihuwarsu. A lokacin ne adadin kifin ya ragu sosai. Har yanzu ba a sake dawo da yawan jama'ar da yake a da ba.
Chum Yana da ƙimar gaske daga dangin kifin. Ana yaba shi ƙwarai don nama mai ƙoshin lafiya, har ma da mai daɗin kyakkyawan caviar.
Ranar bugawa: Satumba 27, 2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 11.11.2019 a 12:05
