Dormouse kwatankwacin kamannin kurege. Tana zaune akan bishiyoyi a wurare da yawa na Rasha kuma tana cin 'ya'yan itace, goro da hatsi. Wadannan dabbobin za'a iya ajiye su a gida ta hanyar siye daga shagon dabbobi. Abubuwan kulawa na Sony sun bambanta da gaskiyar cewa suna bacci da yawa a rana kuma suna aiki sosai da dare - godiya ga wannan salon, waɗannan rodents sun sami sunansu.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Sonya polchok
Dormouse dabba ce ta dangin dormouse. Waɗannan ƙananan ƙananan beraye ne, a waje suna kama da beraye. Tsawon jiki, ya danganta da nau'in, ya banbanta daga 8 cm zuwa cm 20. Ya banbanta da beraye saboda wutsiya tilas ta fi ta jiki tsawo - wannan ya samo asali ne saboda tsarin rayuwar carotians, wanda a cikin sa suke hawa itace da bishiyoyi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Wutsiyar wasu jinsunan masu bacci shima hanya ce ta tsira. Idan mai farauta ya kama su ta wutsiya, to fatar ta sama na iya sauka daga wutsiyar kuma dormouse zai huce a hankali, ya bar maƙiyi da saman fata na wutsiyar.
Sony ya sami sunanta ba bisa haɗari ba - ba dare ba rana, kuma suna bacci da rana. Duk da cewa sun kasance ga beraye, abincinsu ya banbanta kuma ya bambanta, ya danganta da nau'ikan masu bacci. Beraye shine mafi yawan oda na dabbobi masu shayarwa. Sonya yana da kusan nau'ikan 28, waɗanda aka raba su zuwa tara.
Bidiyo: Sonya Polchok
Mafi yawan nau'ikan dormouse:
- Kwancen Afirka;
- Sonya Christie;
- gajeren dormouse;
- guinea dormouse;
- fluffy dormouse daga gandun daji dormouse genus;
- Sichuan dormouse;
- Hazel dormouse;
- Dormouse na linzamin Iran
Burbushin farko na beraye, waɗanda suke kusa da jinsunan dormouse, sun fara ne daga Middle Eocene. A cikin Afirka, waɗannan dabbobin sun bayyana a cikin Upper Miocene, har ma a baya a cikin Asiya. Wannan yana nuna nasarar ƙaurawar jinsin zuwa nahiyoyi daban-daban. Nau'ikan dormouse guda huɗu suna zaune a cikin Rasha: waɗannan abubuwa ne masu tsari, gandun daji, ƙanƙara da lambu.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Yaya aikin dormouse yake?
Imentungiyar Sonya ita ce mafi girma daga cikin masu bacci. Tsawon jikinta ya fara daga 13 zuwa 8 cm, kuma nauyin maza na iya kaiwa 180 g, kodayake a gida dormouse na iya yin ƙiba har ma da mafi girma. Dormouse yayi kama da squirrel mai launin toka, amma tare da ɗan sauya tsarin mulki.
Imentungiyar ta kunshi ƙananan kunnuwa da manya, ƙananan idanun baki. Hancin babba ne, ba a rufe shi da gashi, hoda. Ana iya ganin duhu masu duhu ko duhu a kewayen idanuwa. Hancin yana da gashi masu tauri da yawa - raɗa-raɗa, waɗanda suke da matukar damuwa kuma suna taimakawa masu bacci a neman abinci.
Jiki yana elongated, wanda ke bayyane kawai lokacin dormouse yana cikin motsi. Wani ɗan gajeren wutsiya wani lokacin yakan yi kama da squirrel tare da gashinta, amma, a matsayinka na ƙa'ida, dormouse ba shi da murfin lokacin farin ciki mara nauyi akan wutsiyar. Gashi na regiments yana da tsayi kuma mai laushi, azurfa-launin toka. Cikin ciki, wuya da cikin kafafuwan fari ne. Jawo gajere ne, amma na ɗan gajeren lokaci an yaba da shi tsakanin mafarauta. Tsarin dormouse suna da murfi mai kauri wanda zai basu damar rayuwa a lokacin sanyi. Wsafafun regiments suna da ƙarfi, tare da dogon yatsu, gaba ɗaya babu ulu.
Mafi yawan wayoyin hannu sune yatsun kafa na farko da na biyar, waɗanda aka ja da baya daidai da sauran yatsun ƙafafun. Wannan yana ba dormouse damar riƙe rassan bishiyoyi da ƙarfi kuma a riƙe shi cikin iska.
Ba a kula da yanayin jima'i tsakanin dormouse. An lura cewa ragamar mulkin maza sun fi launi launi kuma sun fi mata girma. Har ila yau, a cikin maza, zoben duhu a kusa da idanun sun fi bayyana, kuma wutsiya tana da haske, mafi yawanci ana tuna da kurege.
A ina dormouse ke rayuwa?
Hotuna: oraramar dabba ta dormouse
Dormouse yana daya daga cikin nau'ikan ciwan dormouse.
Da farko, tsarin sony ya rayu a wurare masu zuwa:
- shimfidar ƙasa, duwatsu da gandun daji na Turai;
- Caucasus da Transcaucasia;
- Faransa;
- Arewacin Spain;
- Yankin Volga;
- Turkiyya;
- Arewacin Iran.
Daga baya aka kawo tsarin Sony zuwa Burtaniya, zuwa Chiltern Hills. Hakanan ana samun ƙananan mutane a cikin tsibirin Bahar Rum: Sardinia, Sicily, Corsica, Corfu da Crete. Wani lokaci akan samu a Turkmenistan da Ashgabat.
Rasha cike take da daidaito ta hanyar dormouse, wannan nau'in yana rayuwa a keɓe a cikin manyan yankuna da yawa. Misali, suna zaune ne a Kursk, kusa da Kogin Volga, a Nizhny Novgorod, Tatarstan, Chuvashia da Bashkiria.
Ba su da yawa a arewa - kusa da Kogin Oka kawai, saboda mutane ba sa dacewa da yanayin ƙarancin yanayi. A kudancin ɓangaren Turai na Rasha, babu wani tsari ko kaɗan, amma ana samun sa kusa da tsaunukan Caucasus. Mafi yawan mutanen dormouse suna zaune ne a kan tsaunin Caucasus da Transcaucasus.
Abinda yafi dacewa a cikin dormouse shine kusan ba ya gangarowa zuwa kasa daga bishiyoyi, yana tafiya ne kawai tare da rassa da kauri mai kauri. A duniya, dormouse shine mafi rauni. Sabili da haka, tsarin dormouse na kowa ne kawai a wuraren da akwai bishiyoyi da yawa da shrubs.
Yanzu kun san inda dormouse yake zaune. Bari muga me rodent yake ci.
Menene dormouse ke ci?
Hotuna: Rodent dormouse-polchok
Duk da cewa yawancin beraye suna da komai, dormouse dabbobi ne kawai na ciyawar dabbobi.
Abincin su sau da yawa ya haɗa da:
- itacen girki;
- hazel;
- goro. Sonya ya kware ƙwanƙwashin harsashi mai ƙarfi, amma suna iya ƙayyade ƙarancin kwaya ba tare da fasa shi ba;
- kirjin kirji;
- tushen beech;
- pears;
- apples;
- inabi;
- plums;
- cherries;
- mulberry;
- innabi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Wasu lokuta ana samun slugs, caterpillars da kwari masu ciyawa a cikin cikin kayan maye. Wannan ya faru ne saboda shigar kwari kwatsam a cikin abincin shuka na dormouse.
Suna cin abinci akan tsarin dormouse ba tare da barin bishiyoyin ba .. Suna da zabi game da zabin 'ya'yan itatuwa: bayan sun debo Berry ko goro, da farko zasu ciza a ciki. Idan suna son abincin, sai su ci shi, idan kuma 'ya'yan itacen bai nuna ba, sai su jefa shi a ƙasa. Wannan halayyar na jawo beyar da namun daji, wadanda suka zo cin 'ya'yan itacen da bacci ya kwashe su.
Na dogon lokaci, tsarin mulki na dormouse matsala ce ga ƙasar noma da gonakin inabi, wanda ya haifar da lalata tsarin mulki. Wadannan beraye sun lalata masara da filayen hatsi, suka lalata inabi da sauran 'ya'yan itatuwa,' ya'yan itace da kayan marmari.
A gida, dormouse da yardar rai shan madarar shanu kuma ku ci 'ya'yan itacen da aka bushe. Ba su da ra'ayin abinci, don haka har ma suna ciyar da hatsi na gida, waɗanda aka gauraya da madara. Sabunta Sony da sauri sun saba da sabon abincin.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Dormouse a cikin yanayi
Tsarin mulki na Dormouse suna rayuwa ne a cikin daɗaɗɗun dazuzzuka, inda babban yankin abincinsu yake. Da dare, abubuwan da aka tsara sune dabbobi masu sauri da sauri waɗanda ke gudana tare da saman bishiyoyi kuma suna tsalle daga reshe zuwa reshe.
Da rana, dormouse yakan yi bacci, wanda hakan ke sa su kasa zama kayan farauta. Suna yin gida gida a cikin ramuka na bishiyoyi, sau da yawa a cikin duwatsu da asalinsu. Gidajen suna cike da ciyawa, mataccen itace, gansakuka, tsuntsaye ƙasa da ciyayi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Sabbin Sony suna ba da fifiko ga gidajen tsuntsaye da sauran gidajen tsuntsaye na wucin gadi, suna shirya rookeries sama da su. Saboda wannan, manyan tsuntsaye sukan daina tashiwa cikin gida, sakamakon haka kamawa da kajin suke mutuwa.
A lokacin rani, rundunonin suna samun ƙaruwa sosai, kuma tare da farkon yanayin sanyi suna hibernate - wannan ya faɗi ne game da watan Oktoba. Galibi suna yin bacci har zuwa watan Mayu ko Yuni, amma watanni na iya bambanta dangane da mazaunin rodent. Dabbobi na yin bacci cikin rukuni-rukuni, kodayake suna rayuwa ta kadaici.
Rayuwar dare na wannan nau'in jinsin yana da alaƙa da lokutan hasken rana, kuma ba takamaiman tazarar lokaci ba. Lokacin da dare ya rage, rim ma sukan rage lokacin ayyukansu kuma akasin haka. A zahiri, tsarin dormouse na iya yin aiki yayin rana, ciyarwa da motsi, amma wannan yana da rikitarwa ta yawancin masu cinyewar rana.
A cikin gida, tsarin sony yana amfani da rayuwar rana. Baccin bacci da masu kiwo suka girma cikin sauƙi suna shiga cikin hannayensu, suna gane mutum ta wari da murya, suna son shafawa. Suna hawa mutum da sha'awa, suna ganinsa kamar bishiya.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Baby dormouse
Kimanin makonni biyu bayan fitowa daga barci, lokacin saduwa zai fara a cikin dormouse. Maza suna da hayaniya sosai: a kowane dare suna ƙoƙari su jawo hankalin mata da hayaniya, kuma suna shirya faɗa da juna. Duk cikin watan Yuli, tsarin dormouse yana nuna irin wannan hanyar, neman abokin aure.
Bayan mace ta zabi namiji don kanta, sai saduwa ta auku. Bayan haka, mace da namiji ba su sake ganin juna, kuma duk tsarin dormouse ya koma ga salon rayuwarsu ta nutsuwa kamar yadda suka saba.
Ciki yana ɗaukar kimanin kwanaki 25, wanda yake da gajere idan aka kwatanta shi da chipan kunkuru da kunkuru. Dormouse yana ba da cuba cuba 3-5 waɗanda nauyinsu bai fi gram biyu da rabi ba. Tsawon jikin sabon dormouse yana da kusan 30 mm. An haife su kwata-kwata marasa ƙarfi, imentan sarki suna girma da sauri, tuni a rana ta bakwai suna rufe da farin gashi.
A ranar 20, hakora suna ɓullowa a cikin rejimomin, kuma girman ya ninka sau 5. Rigar takan yi kauri, rigar karkashin kasa ta bayyana. Har zuwa kwanaki 25, thea thean suna ciyar da madara, kuma bayan haka suna iya samun damar cin abinci da kansu.
Kwana biyar na farko bayan barin gida, tsarin dormouse suna kusa da mahaifiyarsu, kuma bayan haka suna iya samun damar cin abinci da kansu. A cikin duka, tsarin dormouse yana rayuwa kimanin shekaru biyar da rabi, amma a gida, tsawon rai yana ƙaruwa zuwa shekaru shida.
Abokan gaba na sony regiment
Hotuna: Yaya aikin dormouse yake?
Tsarin mulki na dormouse ya rage yawan abokan gaba na halitta yadda ya kamata saboda salon rayuwar sa ba dare ba rana. Saboda haka, kawai makiyanta sune mujiya, musamman - owls. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna kama jama'a kai tsaye daga rassan bishiyar idan dabbar ba ta da lokacin ɓoyewa a cikin rami ko rami.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A cikin tsohuwar Rome, naman dormouse ana ɗaukarsa abinci ne na abinci, kamar naman sauran ƙananan beraye. An gasa su da zuma kuma an yi su a cikin lambuna na musamman.
Ferrets ma suna da haɗari ga tsarin dormouse. Waɗannan dabbobin sun san yadda ake ɓoyewa da hawa hawa na ƙananan bishiyoyi, don haka wani lokacin za su iya kama dima-da-mutuna. Hakanan Ferrets a sauƙaƙe suna hawa cikin keɓantattun gidajen gidajen sarauta, suna lalata gidajen su kuma suna kashe theira theiransu.
Sabbin hanyoyin Sony basu da kariya daga masu farauta, don haka duk abinda zasu iya yi shine gudu da buya. Koyaya, idan dormouse yayi ƙoƙari ya kama mutum, to dabbar tana iya saran shi har ma ta kamu da shi.
Sabili da haka, tsarin dormouse da aka kama a cikin daji ba ya ba da kansu ga gida. Dabbobin da aka ɗaga daga haihuwa kusa da mutum ne kawai ke iya zama tare cikin kwanciyar hankali a gida, sun saba da mai shi kuma basa ganin shi a matsayin abokin gaba.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: oraramar dabba ta dormouse
Duk da cewa fur ɗin dormouse yana da kyau da dumi, an girbe shi kawai a ƙananan yawa. A shekarar 1988, jinsunan sun shiga cikin littafin Red Book a Tula da Ryazan, amma jim kadan sai mutanen suka warke da sauri. Kodayake tsarin cin dormouse yana da iyaka a cikin mazauninsu, ba a buƙatar matakan maido da kariya daga jinsunan ba.
Adadin tsarin dormouse ya bambanta dangane da mazaunin. Fiye da duka, yawan mutane suna wahala a cikin Transcaucasia, inda ake ci gaba da sare dazuzzuka da ci gaban sabbin ƙasashe don amfanin gona. Koyaya, wannan baya shafar yawan jama'a ba.
Kudu da Yammacin Turai suna da yawan jama'a tare da tsarin dormouse. Imentsungiyoyi suna zama kusa da garuruwa da biranen don ciyarwa a gonakin inabi, gonaki da filayen noma, wanda shine dalilin da yasa wasu lokuta suke sanya guba. Wannan kuma baya shafar yawan dormouse.
Bugu da kari, dormouse regiments dabbobi ne masu sauki a hayayyafa a gida. Ba sa buƙatar sigogin kulawa masu ƙarfi; suna cin kowane abinci don ɓarawo, kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itatuwa da cakuda kayan lambu. Tsarin Sleepyhead yana da abokantaka da mutane har ma suna haɗuwa a cikin bauta.
Waɗannan ƙananan ƙananan beraye suna gama gari a ɓangarorin duniya da yawa. Dormouse ci gaba da jagorantar salon rayuwarsu ta yau da kullun, duk da canjin yanayi da sauyin muhalli da sare dazuzzuka. Berayen sun dace da sabon yanayin rayuwa, kuma babu wani abin da zai shafi haifuwarsu.
Ranar bugawa: 09/05/2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 25.09.2019 a 10:44
