Katifan Azurfa Wani nau'in kifin ne mai ɗanɗano na dangin kifin, irin nau'in kifin kifin Asiya wanda ke zaune a Arewa da Arewa maso Gabashin Asiya. An bayyana shi ta ƙananan idanu da bakin da aka juya ba tare da eriya ba. Waɗannan su ne kifaye waɗanda suka fi son ɓoyewa a cikin manyan koguna tare da ruwa mai laka. Ba sa yin ƙaura mai nisa irin na yau da kullun, amma an san baƙin suna yin tafiya mai nisa cikin fid da rai.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Photo: Azurfa irin kifi
Yawancin jinsuna na mafi girman dangin kifi na ruwa sun sami wakilci sosai a yankuna da yawa na duniya - galibi don samar da abinci da kuma kiwon kifi - sannan kuma sun tsere sun zama masu mamaye masu cutarwa, suna yaɗuwa a cikin sabon tsarin halittun su kuma galibi suna gasa tare da jinsunan ƙasar don abinci da muhalli. mazaunin zama.
Bidiyo: Azurfa irin kifi
An tayar da katako na azurfa a cikin jihohi shida, tarayya da wuraren zaman ruwa na Arkansas a cikin 1970s kuma an sanya su cikin lagoons na ruwa na birni. Daga nan suka gudu don kafa kansu a cikin Tekun Mississippi kuma tun daga lokacin sun bazu a saman kogin Mississippi na sama.
Daga dukkan abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli, yawan zafin jiki yana da matukar tasiri ga balaga irin ta katako. Misali, a cikin Kogin Terek na Iran, mazan kifi na azurfa sun kai shekaru 4, kuma mata a shekara 5. Kusan 15% na mata sun girma a shekaru 4, amma 87% na mata da 85% na maza suna cikin kungiyoyin shekaru 5-7.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Gwanon azurfa an san shi tsalle daga cikin ruwa lokacin da firgita (misali, daga ƙarar jirgin ruwa).
Matsakaicin tsinken katun zinaren yakai cm 60-100. Amma babban kifi zai iya kaiwa zuwa 140 cm a tsayin jiki, kuma babban kifi yana iya auna kimanin kilo 50.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Yaya irin kyan zoben azurfa yake
Kifin azurfa shine kifi mai zurfin jiki, an matse shi daga ɓangarorin. Suna da launin azurfa a launi lokacin samartaka, kuma idan sun girma, sukan fara daga kore daga baya zuwa azurfa a cikin ciki. Suna da kananan sikeli a jikinsu, amma kai da jijiyoyi ba su da sikeli.
Katako na azurfa suna da babban baki wanda bashi da hakora a kan muƙamuƙinsa, amma suna da haƙoran haƙori. An shirya haƙoran pharyngeal a jere ɗaya (4-4) kuma suna da ci gaba sosai kuma ana matse su tare da dutsen niƙa. Idanunsu an saita zuwa gaba tare da tsakiyar layin jiki kuma ana juya su zuwa ƙasa kaɗan.
Da wuya irin kifin azurfa zai iya rikicewa da ainihin irin kifin saboda girma da matsayin da baƙon abu a idanun. Sun fi kama da carp H. nobilis, amma suna da ƙarami kai da bakin da ba shi da hakora, keel da ke wucewa gaba da ƙashin ƙashin ƙugu, ba tare da wuraren duhu masu halaye na irin kifi da manyan kawuna ba, da kuma rake-raƙan gill.
Fishananan kifi ba su da ƙoshin baya a cikin fikafinsu. Yaran sun yi kama da babban kifi mai girma (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis), amma fin dinsu ya kai ga gindin ƙashin ƙugu (sabanin ƙwallon ƙugu a cikin babban kaho).
Wasu kafofin sun ba da rahoton kasancewar ƙaya a cikin ƙoshin bayanta da ƙoshin jikin katako na azurfa. Koyaya, nau'ikan New Zealand da aka nuna basu da ƙaya.
Kifin Azurfa yana da fika-fikai da yawa:
- dorsal fin (9 haskoki) - karami, kamar tuta;
- finafinan finafinai masu tsayi da rashin ƙarfi (filayen 15-17);
- caudal fin matsakaici tsayi da daidaita;
- ƙashin ƙugu (ƙwan 7 ko 8) ƙanana da uku;
- fika-fikai (15-18 haskoki) sun fi girma, suna komawa zuwa saka fiska na mara.
A cikin namijin azurfa na azurfa, farfajiyar ciki na fika-fikai, da ke fuskantar jiki, yana da wuyar taɓawa, musamman a lokacin kiwo. Hanjin ya fi jiki tsayi sau 6-10. Kullun suna faɗowa daga mashigar ruwa zuwa dubura. Adadin yawan kashin baya shine 36-40.
Idanun suna ƙasa da kai tare da ƙananan gefen ƙasa da matakin kusurwar bakin, suna da bakin bakin, ba tare da eriya ba. Gill ɗin katako na Azurfa suna da hadadden hanyar sadarwa da rake raƙuman raƙuman ruwa da yawa. Membranan reshe ba su da alaƙa da isthmus.
A ina silin azurfa yake rayuwa?
Hotuna: Katifun siliki a Rasha
Katun azurfa yana faruwa ne ta hanyar ruwa mai ƙoshin Sin. Suna zaune a cikin Yangtze, Kogin Yamma, Kogin Pearl, Kwangxi da tsarin kogin Kwantung a Kudancin da Tsakiyar China da kuma ruwan Amur a Rasha. An gabatar da shi a Amurka a cikin 1970s.
A halin yanzu ana samun irin kifin azurfa a cikin:
- Alabama;
- Arizona;
- Arkansas;
- Colorado;
- Hawaii;
- Illinois;
- Indiana;
- Kansas;
- Kentucky;
- Louisiana;
- Missouri;
- Nebraska;
- Dakota ta Kudu;
- Tennessee.
Kayan katun Azurfa shine nau'ikan manyan koguna. Zasu iya jure da yawan gishirin da isashshen oxygen (3 mg / L). A cikin kewayon sa, kifayen azurfa ya kai shekaru yana da shekaru 4 zuwa 8, amma an lura cewa a Arewacin Amurka yana balaga yana da shekaru 2. Suna iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 20. An shigo da wannan nau'in kuma an adana shi don sarrafa phytoplankton a cikin jikin ruwa na eutrophic kuma, a bayyane, a matsayin kifin abinci. An fara gabatar da ita ga Amurka a cikin 1973 lokacin da wani mai kiwon kifi mai zaman kansa ya shigo da irin kifin azurfa zuwa Arkansas.
Zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1970, an yi irin kifin azurfa a cikin jihohi shida, tarayya da cibiyoyi masu zaman kansu, kuma a ƙarshen 1970s, ana ajiye shi a cikin lagoons masu yawa na ruwa na birni. Zuwa 1980, an samo jinsin a cikin ruwan ruwa, watakila sakamakon tserewa daga kyankyaso da sauran wuraren kiwon kifin.
Bayyanar kifin azurfa a cikin Kogin Ouachita a cikin tsarin Red River a Louisiana wataƙila sakamakon tserewa ne daga farfajiyar kifin da ke gaba a Arkansas. Gabatarwar jinsunan a cikin Florida wataƙila sakamakon gurɓatar da hannun jarin ne, inda aka saki irin kifin azurfa ba da gangan ba kuma aka yi amfani da kayan kifin don sarrafa shuke-shuke na cikin ruwa.
A cikin wani yanayi makamancin haka, ana bayyanar da jinsin ga Tafkin Arizona ba zato ba tsammani a matsayin wani bangare na ganganci, duk da cewa ba bisa doka ba, kayan kifin difloma. Mutanen da aka ɗauko daga Kogin Ohio na iya fitowa daga gonaki a tafkunan ko kuma sun shiga Kogin Ohio daga yawan mutanen da aka gabatar da su zuwa Arkansas.
Yanzu kun san inda aka sami irin kifin na azurfa. Bari mu ga abin da wannan kifin yake ci.
Menene irin kifin azurfa yake ci?
Photo: Azurfa irin kifi kifi
Katifun azurfa suna ciyarwa akan phytoplankton da zooplankton. Caranƙan siliki na azurfa fitattun masarufi ne waɗanda ke canza lambobi masu yawa da abubuwan da suke samu a cikin al'umma, tare da rage yawan abincin wasanni da kifin kasuwanci.
Katunan azurfa sau da yawa suna iyo a ƙasa da farfajiya kuma suna iya tafiya cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi (duka mara aure da ɗaya). Su manyan masu gyara ruwa ne yayin da suke tace detritus daga koren ruwa da datti ta bakinsu. Girma irin kifin azurfa na iya hana shuɗi-koren algae yin furanni a lokacin bazara.
Yaran kifi suna cin abinci akan zooplankton, yayin da kifin manya ke cinye phytoplankton tare da ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki, wanda suke tace shi da yawa ta kayan aikin gill. Saboda suna cin algae sosai, wani lokacin ana kiransu "shanun kogi". Don narkar da irin wannan adadi mai yawa na abinci mai karancin kalori, irin kifin azurfa yana da hanji mai tsayi sosai, ya ninka nashi sau 10-13.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Kifin azurfa kifi ne mai tsananin tashin hankali wanda zai iya cinye kusan rabin nauyinsa a tsarin phytoplankton da detritus. Sun fi yawan kifaye na gida saboda mummunan halinsu da yawan amfani da plankton.
Nau'in mussel, larvae da manya kamar su paddlefish sun fi fuskantar barazanar kasancewa daga cikin gasa saboda tabbataccen wasan abincin su da kifin azurfa.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Azurfa irin kifi a cikin kandami
An gabatar da wannan nau'in ga kasashe da yawa a duniya saboda dalilai biyu: kiwon kifin da kuma kula da plankton a cikin tafkuna masu wadatar abinci mai gina jiki da tsire-tsire masu kula da ruwan sha. Ikonsu na sarrafa furannin algal yana da rikici. An bayar da rahoton irin kifin na azurfa don sarrafa fure mai kyau lokacin da ake amfani da adadin kifin daidai.
Saboda irin kifin azurfa yana iya tace algae> micron 20 a girma, saboda haka, yawan ƙananan algae yana ƙaruwa sakamakon rashin kiyon kifi da kuma ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki saboda damuwa na ciki.
Wasu masu binciken sun ba da shawarar yin amfani da irin kifin na azurfa kawai idan babban burin shi ne a rage fure mai ban sha'awa na manyan nau'ikan phytoplankton, kamar su cyanobacteria, wanda ba za a iya sarrafa shi yadda yakamata ta hanyar manyan dabbobi zooplankton ba. Hannun katako na azurfa sun fi dacewa a cikin tabkuna na wurare masu zafi waɗanda ke da inganci sosai kuma ba su da babban gidan zooplankton.
Sauran suna iya amfani da kifin azurfa ba kawai don sarrafa algae ba, har ma don zooplankton da kuma dakatar da kwayoyin. Suna jayayya cewa shigar da katako na azurfa 300-450 a cikin tafkin Netof a Isra'ila ya haifar da daidaitaccen tsarin muhalli.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Katakai na azurfa suna da haɗari ga mutane saboda haɗuwa tsakanin jiragen ruwan masunta da rauni ga mutanen da suka yi tsalle a cikinsu.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Azurfa irin kifi soya
Katifan Azurfa yana da yawan gaske. Tsarin halittar yanayi yana faruwa a cikin manya-manyan rafuka masu gudu tare da mafi ƙarancin zurfin zurfin 40 cm da saurin halin yanzu na 1.3-2.5 m / s. Manya suna hayayyafa a cikin koguna ko raƙuman ruwa sama da guguwa masu sauri tare da tsakuwa ko ƙasan yashi, a saman rufin ruwa na sama, ko ma a saman ruwa yayin ambaliyar, lokacin da matakin ruwa ya ɗaga 50-120 cm sama da yadda yake.
Matarshen balaga da ƙwayawar ƙwai yana haifar da haɓakar matakin ruwa da zafin jiki. Wnarfafawa yana tsayawa yayin da yanayi ya canza (carps na azurfa suna da mahimmanci ga digo a matakin ruwa) kuma yana ci gaba lokacin da matakin ruwa ya tashi. Matasa da manya mutane suna kafa manyan ƙungiyoyi a lokacin ɓarkewar haihuwa.
Mutanen da suka manyanta suna yin ƙaura zuwa sama a kan tsayi mai nisa a farkon ambaliyar ruwa da hauhawar matakan ruwa, kuma suna iya tsallake kan matsaloli har zuwa mita 1. Bayan da suka fara haihuwa, manya sun yi ƙaura zuwa wuraren ciyarwa. A lokacin kaka, manya suna komawa wurare masu zurfi a cikin babban rafin kogin, inda aka bar su ba abinci. Tsutsar tsutsar tsutsar ta sauka daga ƙasa kuma ta zauna a cikin tabkuna masu ambaliyar ruwa, a kan rairayin bakin teku da kuma fadama ba tare da ƙarancin ruwa ba.
Mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki na ruwa don haihuwa shine 18 ° C. Kwan ƙwai suna da ƙyama (1.3-1.91 mm a diamita), kuma bayan hadi, girman su yana ƙaruwa da sauri. Ci gaban ƙwai da lokacin ƙyanƙyashe sun dogara da zafin jiki (awanni 60 a 18 ° C, sa'o'i 35 a 22-23 ° C, sa'o'i 24 a 28-29 ° C, sa'o'i 20 a 29-30 ° C).
A lokacin hunturu, irin kifi na azurfa yana zaune a cikin "ramin hunturu". Suna bazuwa lokacin da ruwan ya kai zafin jiki na 18 ° zuwa 20 ° C. Mata suna yin ƙwai miliyan 1 zuwa 3, waɗanda suka kumbura yayin da suke haɓaka, suna yin ƙaura zuwa ƙarshen ƙasa har zuwa kilomita 100. Qwai sun nutsar kuma sun mutu cikin ruwan da ke tsaye. Katifun azurfa ya balaga da shekaru yana da shekaru uku zuwa hudu. Inda ake kiɗarsa, irin kifin azurfa kifi ne mai darajar kasuwanci.
Natural makiya na azurfa irin kifi
Hotuna: Yaya irin kyan zoben azurfa yake
A cikin mazauninsu na yau da kullun, masu lalata azurfa suna sarrafawa ta hanyar masu lalata halittu. A cikin yankin Babban Tekun, babu wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan kifaye na asali da zasu isa farautar babban katakon azurfa. Farin pelicans da gaggafa suna ciyar da samarin kifin azurfa a cikin Tekun Mississippi.
Pelicans da aka samo a yammacin yamma na Manyan Tabkuna da mikiya a cikin kwandon ana iya tsammanin yin hakan. Kifayen da ke cin karensu ba babbaka kamar su perch na iya ciyar da samarin azurfa. Idan aka yi la’akari da yawan ci gabanta, ana iya tsammanin mutane da yawa su yi girma da sauri da sauri don kifayen farauta don yin babban matsin lamba don ƙunsar yawan katakon azurfa.
Da zarar yawan katako na azurfa ya karu da yawan mace-mace, ana ganin kawar da ita tana da wahala, idan ba zai yuwu ba. Ana iya rage yawan jama'a a wasu yankuna ta hanyar hana samun damar shigowa cikin ruwa ta hanyar gina shingayen ƙaura, amma wannan shawara ce mai tsada wacce kan iya haifar da mummunan tasiri ga jinsunan ƙasar. Mafi kyawun sarrafawa akan katakon azurfa shine don hana su shiga Babban Lakes.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Azurfa irin kifi kifi
A ko'ina cikin Kogin Mississippi, yawan katako na azurfa ya bazu sama da ƙasa daga makullai 23 da madatsun ruwa (uku a kan Kogin Arkansas, bakwai a kan Kogin Illinois, takwas a kan Kogin Mississippi, biyar kuma a Kogin Ohio). A yanzu haka akwai wasu matsaloli guda biyu na wucin gadi da ke isa ga kifin kifi na azurfa ya isa Babbar Kogin Great Lakes, na farko kasancewa shinge na lantarki a cikin hanyar ruwa ta Chicago da ta raba Kogin Illinois da Lake Michigan. Wannan ƙananan "katanga" galibi ƙananan da manyan kifaye waɗanda ke tafiya bayan manyan jiragen ruwa suke lalata shi.
A shekara ta 2016, an kamala tudun kasa mai tsawon kilomita 2.3 da tsayin mita 2.3 a Eagle Swamp da ke Fort Wayne, Indiana, tsakanin Wabash da Momey Rivers (na karshen da ke jagorantar Tafkin Erie). Wannan gandun dajin ya sha fuskantar ambaliyar ruwa da kuma alaƙa tsakanin magudanan ruwa biyu, kuma a baya an rarraba ta kawai ta hanyar shinge mai shinge wanda ƙaramin kifi (da matatun katako na azurfa) ke iya iyo cikin sauƙi. Batun shigowa da kiwo irin kifin azurfa a cikin Manyan Tabkuna yana da matukar damuwa ga wakilan kamun kifi na kasuwanci da na wasanni, masu kula da muhalli da sauran masu sha'awar.
A halin yanzu an rarraba kifin azurfa kamar yadda yake cikin haɗari a cikin kewayonsa na asali (kamar yadda asalin ɗabi'arsa da halayyarta ke haifar da lalacewar ginin dam, wuce kifi da gurɓata shi). Amma ana iya samun sa a wasu ƙasashe. Raguwar yawan jama'a ya zama yana da mahimmanci a cikin sassan Sinawa na kewayonsa.
Katifan Azurfa Jinsi ne na irin kifin Asianasar Asiya wanda yafi zama a Gabashin Siberia da China. Hakanan ana kiranta ɗan kifi mai tashi saboda yanayin tsalle daga ruwa lokacin da ya firgita. A yau, wannan kifin yana tasowa a duk duniya a cikin kifin kifi, kuma an fi samar da kifin azurfa da nauyi fiye da kowane kifin ban da irin kifin.
Ranar bugawa: 08/29/2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 22.08.2019 a 21:05
