Mangarica ta Hungary Wani nau'in alade ne mai ban mamaki wanda ya shahara sosai tsakanin masu kiwon alade. Tana da babban fa'ida akan sauran nau'o'in ta hanyar rashin daidaituwa ga yanayin kiyayewa da abinci mai gina jiki, gami da saurin fahimta. Wakilan wannan nau'in suna haɗuwa da mai gidansu. A waje, suna kama da 'yan raguna saboda kaurin ulu na ulu. Ta dabi'arsu, ana kwatanta su da karnuka, tunda suna da wayo sosai.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Hungary mangalitsa
Hungary mangalica sananne ne ga masu kiwon alade a cikin nau'in dabbobin gida tsawon ƙarni da yawa. An fara ambaci wannan nau'in a cikin 1833, lokacin da mai kiwon Hungary Josef ya sami damar ƙetare alade na gida da na alade. Sakamakon ya kasance zuriya mai ban sha'awa kuma mafi dacewa don hayayyafa a gida, wanda ya haifar da sabon nau'in aladun gida - Hungary mangalitsa.
Wannan nau'in ne wanda aka banbanta da rashin fahimta ga yanayin tsarewa, yana iya cin makiyaya, kamar kakanninsu na daji, kuma a lokaci guda ya ba da nama mai daɗi da mai daɗi. Wata babbar fa'ida da aka rarrabe aladu da ita ita ce ikon jure yanayin sanyi da tsananin sanyi a cikin yanayin waje.
Bidiyo: Hungary mangalica
Ya kamata a lura cewa mai kiyon dan kungiyar masu martaba ne kuma ya dauki taken Archduke. Sauran gidajen ibada sun zama masu sha'awar sakamakon ayyukan sa. Bayan kiwon waɗannan aladu na musamman, kiwon shanu a gidajen ibada ya zama sananne da nasara. Ba tare da buƙatar wani ƙoƙari na musamman don kiwo ba, dabbobin sun ba da nama mai daɗi da man alade, wanda ya zama sananne sosai a cikin mashahuran masu dafa abinci na wancan lokacin.
Wajen 1900, manoman Romania da Yukren sun fara sha'awar naman waɗannan dabbobi. Cikin sauri, wannan nau'in aladu ya fara zama a cikin waɗannan ƙasashe. A wannan lokacin, yawan dabbobi ya karu zuwa kusan mutane 35,000. Manoma sun yi kiwonsu a cikin fadaddun makiyaya, kwaruruka da filaye.
Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, yawan aladun yana gab da halaka. Gaba ɗaya, ba su fi 800 daga cikinsu ba. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa waɗannan aladu na mallakar maiko ne, kuma a wancan lokacin kowa ya yi ƙoƙari ya haɗu da nau'in naman dabbobin gida. Koyaya, nan da nan ƙasar Hungary ta fara ceton nau'in aladun da ke cikin haɗari.
Don wannan dalili, har ma an kafa ƙungiya ta musamman don ceton naman alade na gargajiya. Wannan shugabanci ya sami goyon bayan masu kiwon aladu daga wasu ƙasashe. Tare, yawan mangalitsa na Hungary ya ƙaru zuwa mutane 8,500.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Yaya mangalin Hungary yake?
Wakilan wannan nau'in suna da ban mamaki da ban sha'awa sosai. Ba za a iya rikice su da wani nau'in ba. Da farko kallo, ba koda yaushe bane ake fahimtar cewa muna fuskantar alade. Duk jikin dabbar an lullubeshi da gashi mai kauri, mai lankwasa. A lokacin sanyi, rigar ƙasa mai kauri ta bayyana, saboda abin da ya fi sauƙi ga dabbobi su jimre da mummunan yanayi da sanyi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa... Masu kiwo sun gano cewa idan ana ajiye wakilan wannan nau'in a cikin ɗaki mai dumi, busasshe, ulu mai kauri zai fita kawai kamar ba dole ba.
Zaɓuɓɓuka masu yuwuwa don launuka na mangalica na Hungary:
- fari;
- baƙi;
- rawaya;
- launin ja;
- gauraye
Ba a samo launuka baƙar fata da launin ruwan kasa-kasa-kasa. Dangane da wannan, a halin yanzu, masu kiwo suna ƙoƙari sosai don haɓaka yawan waɗannan mutane. Tsarin launi na iya bambanta dangane da shekaru, yanayi da yanayin yanayi, har ma da nau'in abinci da nau'in ƙasar da aka ajiye dabbar.
Wani fasali na musamman na wakilan wannan nau'in shine kunnuwan da aka sa gaba da kasancewar wani wuri mai duhu na Wellman akan ƙananan gefen. Girman wannan tabo ya kai santimita 1.5-3.
Fasali na bayyanar mangalits:
- mai ƙarfi, mai tsayi;
- kwarangwal, mai karfin gaske;
- ciki saggy;
- matsakaiciyar matsakaici tare da dan juyewa sama, facin fuskantar sama;
- kunnuwa masu matsakaici, an rufe su da gashi mai kauri;
- madaidaiciya layin baya;
- idanu masu bayyana tare da gashin ido mai tsayi da yawa;
- wutsiya mai kauri, a karshen ta akwai wankin ulu;
- a cikin aladu masu tsabta, ba tare da la'akari da launin launin rigar ba, facin kusan baƙar fata ne koyaushe.
A ina Hungary mangalica ke rayuwa?
Hotuna: Hungary downy mangalica
A karkashin yanayin yanayi, ba a samun mangalica ta Hungary a cikin yanayi. Wannan nau'in alade ne na musamman. Don kiyayewa da kiwo a gida, ana buƙatar mafi ƙarancin yanayi. Ba sa buƙatar ɗaki ko ɗaki mai zafi. Saboda ulu mai kauri tare da sutura, dabbobin suna jure sanyi da sanyi sosai.
Yanayin tilas don kiyaye dabbobi:
- sarari kyauta Abun da ake buƙata shine kasancewar babban sarari kyauta. Fi dacewa, tabbatar da cewa aladu suna tafiya a cikin filaye, makiyaya, kwari. Idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, yana da kyau a katange aviary tare da raga wacce zasu iya hawa kanta;
- ciyawa da yawa. A lokacin sanyi, dabbobi suna son binnewa a zahiri cikin ciyawar. Da kyau, kuna buƙatar kula da kasancewar aladun alade tare da buɗaɗɗen alƙalami;
- babban ruwa mai tsafta. Mangalitsa na Hungary suna da tsabta da tsabta, sabili da haka suna buƙatar ruwa don wanka. A lokacin zafi mai zafi, tana buƙatar shakatawa cikin ruwa.
Lokacin da aka sanya a cikin buɗaɗɗun wurare ko alƙalumma, dole ne a sami alfarwa a ƙarƙashin abin da za ku iya ɓoyewa daga rana mai zafi a lokacin zafi. Idan ba a kula da wannan buƙatar ba, dabba na iya yin rashin lafiya mai tsanani. Gashi mai kauri yana sa aladu cikin sauƙin jure sanyi da sanyi, amma rana mai zafi da zafin rana na iya haifar da zafi fiye da kima.
Menene mangalica Hungary ke ci?
Hotuna: Alade Hungary Mangalica
Ofaya daga cikin mahimman fa'idodin wannan nau'in shine ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki. Ciyar da aladu ba zai zama da wahala ba, saboda sauƙin samun nauyin jiki daga makiyaya mai sauƙi. Hay, nau'ikan tsire-tsire na daji, ana amfani da tushen azaman abinci.
Kari akan haka, zaku iya amfani dashi azaman tushen abinci:
- sabo kayan lambu da ganye: dankali, rutabagas, beets, zucchini, da sauransu;
- hatsi da hatsi. Mangalians suna son masara sosai, haka kuma masarar masara;
- bran, bagasse;
- sharar abinci;
- 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, apples, pears;
- harbe-harbe, saiwoyi da sassan bishiyoyi iri daban-daban, musamman, na daji - itacen oak, nettle, chestnut, da sauransu.
- shirye-shirye na bitamin da busasshen abinci mai haɗuwa wanda aka tsara musamman don aladu.
Abincin da aka fi so na dabbobi shine masarar masara. Suna jin daɗin cin ciyawar. A yayin aikin kiwo, suna iya cin kwaɗi, katantanwa, ƙananan ƙadangare, tsutsotsi. Abinda ake buƙata don aladun aladu shine kasancewar adadi mai yawa na ruwa mai tsabta a cikin kofuna waɗanda ake sha.
A lokacin dumi, a kasashe da yawa inda ake noman mangwaron 'yan Hungary, ana kore su ne kawai zuwa kiwo, inda su da kansu ke cike da farin ciki kusan ciyawar. Dabbobi suna samun nauyin jiki musamman lokacin da abincinsu ya banbanta, daidaitacce, wadatar da bitamin da ma'adinai. A matsayin abincin abincin, ya zama dole lokaci-lokaci a hada alli ko jan yumbu a cikin abinci a cikin kananan adadi.
Yaran alade ba zasu taɓa cin abincin da manya ke ci ba. In ba haka ba, sai su zama masu gajiya, ba su aiki, suna iya damuwa da tsarin narkewar abinci, har ma su mutu. Piglets, waɗanda suke da kwanaki 10-14, za su iya gabatar da hankali a cikin gasasshen sha'ir a haɗe da alli da ƙashi, da kuma hadawar sha'ir.
Yana da shekara ɗaya da wata ɗaya, ana shigar da abinci mai haɗa abinci a cikin abincin, kuma yana ɗan shekara ɗaya da rabi, ana yaye su daga uwa kuma a hankali suna faɗaɗa abincin. An yi imanin cewa daga shekara huɗu zuwa huɗu, ana iya sauya aladu aladu gaba ɗaya zuwa abincin manya ba tare da wani hani da hani ba.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Boar na ƙasar Hungary mangalica
A dabi'ance, Mangali na Hungary suna da nutsuwa. Suna da hankali da sauri, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ake yawan kwatanta su da karnuka. Aladu suna haɗuwa da maigidansu. Suna son sarari da yanci. Don kiyaye aladu a gida, yana da mahimmanci a samar musu da alkalami mai faɗi, ko kuma idan zai yiwu a sauƙaƙe a sake su don kiwo a cikin fili ko makiyaya.
Aladu na wannan nau'in ana rarrabe su da tsabta. Saboda haka, ya zama wajibi su sami ruwa mai tsafta. Hakanan ka tabbata ka tsaftace alƙalami kuma ka yawaita canza shara. Mangalitsa na Hungary yana haƙuri da sanyi sauƙin sauƙi saboda ulu mai dumi mai dumi. Koyaya, a lokacin hunturu suna buƙatar ciyawa da yawa, waɗanda aladu suke son binne kansu a ciki.
Abubuwan keɓaɓɓun sifofin jinsin ana ɗauke da rashin ma'ana ga yanayin tsarewa da abinci mai gina jiki. Dabbobi an halicce su da dabi'a da kwanciyar hankali, mai ƙarfi rigakafi. Ba su da saurin kamuwa da cuta, amma suna buƙatar rigakafin kan kari.
A lokacin bazara, dabbobi suna da wahalar jurewa zafi da zafi, don haka suna buƙatar alfarwa don tserewa daga rana mai zafi da ƙirƙirar inuwa. Hungary mangalica ta mallaki ba kawai juriya ga cututtuka ba, har ma da ikon saurin daidaitawa da yanayin tsarewa da sauya yanayin canjin yanayi.
Yanzu kun san yadda ake kiyaye mangalica na Hungary. Bari mu ga yadda ake kiwo su daidai.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Hungary Mangalica Cub
Manya sun isa balagar jima'i ta kusan watanni 8-9. Mafi sau da yawa, farkon haihuwar alade ba zai yi yawa ba. Gabaɗaya, masu kirar wannan nau'in sun lura cewa baƙon abu ne don shuka wannan nau'in ya sami aladu da yawa. Labour yawanci sauki ne, ba tare da rikitarwa ba. Aladu da kyar suke mutuwa. Ba a buƙatar matakai na musamman don aiki da yanke igiyar cibiya.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa... A kan matsakaici, shuka ɗaya tana haifar da aladu 5-6. Idan an haifi jarirai 8 ko sama da haka, wannan manuniya ce cewa shuka ba ta da tsabta ba.
Zuriya na biyu da na gaba yawanci sunfi yawa. Abubuwan halaye marasa kyau na wannan nau'in ana ɗaukar su azaman ƙarancin samar da madara na shuka da ƙarancin haihuwa.
Haihuwar aladen sabbin haihuwa ana haihuwar su a waje, wanda yasa su a waje kama da aladun feral. Manoma da yawa suna yiwa jariransu allurar ƙarfe don hana ƙarancin karancin ƙarfe.
A haihuwar alade, a karo na farko yana da mahimmanci a kiyaye abincin. A ranar 5-6th, zaku iya fara gabatarda abinci mai cike da hankali - soyayyen sha'ir da akwatin hira na ruwa. A wannan lokacin, ya zama dole a fasa haƙoran hancin aladun don hana rauni ga uwar yayin ciyarwar. Farawa daga mako na uku, na huɗu, suna cin ganyayyaki da kansu, cobs na masara.
A karshen watan farko, ana iya yaye dabbobi daga mahaifiyarsu. A wannan shekarun, ana iya siyar dasu, tunda zasu iya cin abincin da manya ke ci. Matsakaicin lokacin da mutane ba a yanka ba game da shekaru 20-23.
Abokan gaba na mangalica na Hungary
Hotuna: Yaya mangalin Hungary yake?
Saboda gaskiyar cewa aladun mutanen Hungary mangalitsa suna rayuwa ne kawai a gida, ba su da abokan gaba na zahiri. Saboda gaskiyar cewa an ɗaga aladu fiye da dalilin neman naman alade ko man alade, a cikin lokacin yaƙi bayan ƙarshen 40s da farkon 50s, lambobinsu sun ragu zuwa ƙananan lambobin masifa.
Wakilan wannan nau'in sun bambanta da kyakkyawar rigakafi da ƙoshin lafiya. Koyaya, masanan dabbobi da likitocin dabbobi sun yi kashedi game da bukatar yin allurar riga-kafi a kan kari. In ba haka ba, akwai babban yiwuwar kamuwa da dabbobi tare da daidaitattun cututtuka.
Matsaloli da ka iya faruwa na mangalica na Hungary
- scabies;
- lashen;
- scab;
- kunnuwa da ixoid mites.
Wani mahimmin nuance shine tsabtace aladen alade akan lokaci da buƙatar samun ruwa mai tsafta. Rashin wadannan yanayin na iya haifar da ci gaban cututtuka. Overara zafi a lokacin zafi na iya haifar da gajiya, rashin ci, har ma da mutuwar dabbar.
Hakanan likitocin dabbobi suna ba da shawarar kula da aladu lokaci-lokaci kan helminth. Aladu na nau'ikan nau'ikan halittu masu saurin kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar helminth ta hanyar ɓarnar abinci, tsutsotsi, kifi, frogs, da sauransu. Wani mahimmin ma'aunin shine a yi kokarin kauce wa zane, danshi, da danshi mai yawa. Aladu na iya kamuwa da cutar nimoniya idan yanayin cikin ɗumi ya wuce kashi 70%.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Hungary mangalitsa
Zuwa yau, yawan mangwarorin Hungary ba ya haifar da damuwa. Manoma daga ko'ina cikin duniya suna kiwon waɗannan aladu na ban mamaki. Ya kamata a lura cewa naman dabbobi suna da kima sosai tsakanin kwararru game da girke-girke saboda halaye na musamman. An rarrabe naman da kyakkyawan dandano da mai yalwa iri ɗaya.
Kwanan nan, yawan waɗannan dabbobin suna ta ƙaruwa a yankin Ukraine, da Tarayyar Rasha, da Burtaniya. A cikin asalin ƙasar Hungary mangalica - a cikin Hungary, ana ɗaukar dabbobi a matsayin dukiyar ƙasa. A yankin wannan jihar, an amince da wasu dokoki da dama, a kan hakan ana bayar da taimako da fa'idodi ga masu kiwon aladu wajen kiwon wadannan dabbobi.
Dangane da ƙididdigar farko na masu kiwo, adadin mutane na wannan nau'in ya wuce 15,000. Ana kiwon dabbobi a sassa daban-daban na duniya. Ban da keɓaɓɓu ƙasashe ne da ke da yanayi mai zafi duk shekara.
Mangarica ta Hungary - kyawawan dabi'un aladu na gida. Naman su yana da dandano mai kyau kuma yana da daraja ƙwarai da sanannun mashahurai daga ko'ina cikin duniya.
Ranar bugawa: 08/20/2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 21.08.2019 a 0:03
