Whale mai tsalle-tsalle ko kuma kamar yadda ake kiran wannan dabba da soyayya, da dogon makamai minke babban dabba ne mai shayarwa da ke rayuwa a cikin teku da tekuna a duniya. Ana ɗaukar whale na humpback ɗayan ɗayan whale mafi wayo waɗanda ke yin wasan kwaikwayo na ainihi, suna tsalle daga ginshiƙan ruwa kuma suna ɗagawa da ƙarfi cikin ruwa. Don wasan kwaikwayon wasan kwaikwayo, kifayen kifayen sun sami suna kamar whales mai fun.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Humpback whale
Megaptera novaeangliae Kifin da ake kira humpback ko whale humpback shine babban dabba mai shayar da ruwa wanda ya kasance daga dangin kifin whale, wanda ke yankin baleen whales. Nau'in Humpback. Whales na dabbobi ne masu shayarwa, kuma tsoffin unguwannin da ba a san su ba-mesonychia ana ɗaukar su kakanninsu. Dabbobin suna da kamanceceniya da kyarketai masu hooves da kaifi akan su. Don haka ana iya ɗaukar mafi kusancin dangin whales a cikin duniyar zamani ba kifi ba, amma hippos.
Mafi kamanceceniya da keɓaɓɓu na zamani a duniyar da ta gabata sune dabbobi masu shayarwa daga dangin Protocetid, wanda ya jagoranci rayuwa ta amphibiotic, amma sun riga sun fi kama da tsari da kifayen zamani. Bakin hancin wadannan dabbobi ya koma sama, kuma wadannan dabbobin tuni sunada kusan kifi.
Bidiyo: Humpback Whale
Mataki na gaba a cikin halittar kifin Whales shine basilosaurs - waɗannan halittun sun rayu kimanin shekaru miliyan 38 da suka gabata. Sun kasance kusan girman girman kifin whale na zamani kuma suna da ƙwarewar gaba sosai wanda ke da alhakin sake ginawa. An lura da ƙasƙantar da tsattsauran ra'ayi a cikin waɗannan dabbobin saboda kusan ƙarshen canjinsu zuwa salon rayuwar ruwa. Gabobin hannu har yanzu suna da kyau, amma suna da ƙananan kaɗan kuma ba za a iya amfani da su don motsi ba.
Mataki na gaba a cikin canjin halittar dabbobi ya kasance manyan hakora masu haƙori, waɗanda suka mamaye jikin ruwa na duniyar tamu daga Middle Oligocene zuwa tsakiyar Miocene. Wannan kusan shekaru miliyan 34 zuwa 14 da suka gabata, waɗannan halittu sun yi amfani da yanayin sauƙaƙe, sun yi iyo sosai a cikin ruwa kuma sun ɓace alaƙa da ƙasa. Mafi yawan tsofaffin jinsunan whales na humpback, Megaptera miocaena, sun rayu akan duniyarmu a ƙarshen Miocene.
Ragowar wadannan dabbobin an san su a cikin Pleistocene da Late Pliocene. Maturin Jacques Brisson ne ya fara bayyana Gorbach a matsayin "baleine de la Nouvelle Angleterre" wanda ke nufin "Whale na New England" a cikin 1756 a cikin aikinsa "The Animal Kingdom". Daga baya Georg Barovski ya sauya sunan dabba, ya fassara sunan ta zuwa Latin Baleana novaeangliae.
Masanin ilimin kimiyyar Faransanci Bernard Germain Hélien de la Ville, Count Laceped ya canza rabe-raben da sunan wannan nau'in kifin Whale. Ya kuma bayyana ɗayan tsoffin nau'ikan kifin kifi, Megaptera miocaena, wanda ya rayu a ƙarshen Miocene.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Yaya irin kifin whale yake
Minke mai dogon hannu yana ɗayan manyan halittu a duniyarmu. Matsakaicin nauyin baligi ya kai tan 30. Tsawon jikin yana da kusan mita 15 a mata kuma 12.5-13 a cikin maza. Koyaya, akwai manyan mutane musamman waɗanda tsawonsu ya kai mita 19 kuma nauyinsu ya kai tan 50. Yin lalata da jima'i don yardar mata. A waje, mata sun bambanta da maza kawai a cikin girma da tsarin yankin da aka bari. Jikin kifin whale yana da yawa kuma gajere. Jikin ya fadada a gaba, jiki yana daskarewa a baya kuma an dan matsa shi a bangarorin.
Kan yana da girma kuma ya ƙare da hancin zagaye. Jawananan muƙamuƙin yana da kyau sosai, mai ƙarfi kuma da ɗan gaba. Kokon kai yana da fadin-kunci. Idanun kanana ne. Hancin hancin da ke cikin wannan nau'in suna saman saman kai kuma suna samar da abin hurawa. A kan kai, daga busawa zuwa hanci, akwai layuka kusan 4 na ci gaban fata kwatankwacin warts.
A cikin layi na tsakiya akwai ci gaba na 6-8, a gefen daga 6 zuwa 15. A gaban ƙananan muƙamuƙin akwai girma girma cikin diamita har zuwa santimita 32. Duk ci gaban da aka canza sune follicles gashi, daga kowane, daga girma yana girma tare da gashi. Girman wuri da wurin girma, kazalika da kalar whales, daidaiku ne. Whale yana da babban ciki mai rauni.
Ciki yana da rawanin makogwaro mai tsawo wanda ya faɗo daga cinya zuwa cibiya. Yayin cin abinci, waɗannan ninki suna faɗaɗa sosai, godiya ga abin da kifayen ruwa ke iya haɗiye babban ruwa. Akwai kusan ninki 20 gabaɗaya, ninki a fari.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: The humpback whale yana da matattara mai yawa na kitsen fata, wanda ke bawa dabbar damar zama na tsawon lokaci ba tare da abinci ba kuma ta zauna cikin ruwan sanyi.
Abubuwan da ke ƙira a kirji suna da tsayi musamman; tsayinsu ya yi daidai da 30% na girman jikin kifin. Godiya ga irin waɗannan ƙirar ƙirar, whale na iya iyo sosai kuma ya yi tsalle sama da ruwa. Finarshen fin ɗin da ke gefen baya ƙanana ne, kusan kimanin cm 32. Gefen baya na fin yana yawan lankwasawa a cikin sikila. Gaban gefen fin din ba shi da zurfi.
Wutsiyar tana da babban ƙaton kifi mai girma tare da gefen gefen bakin jini. Whales na Humpback na iya samun launuka iri-iri. Baya da gefunan kifayen galibi baƙi ne masu duhu ko launin shuɗi mai duhu. Akwai fararen fure a kirji da gefuna. Abubuwan da ke kafa a kirjin da ke sama duhu ne ko a hange, galibi haske ne ko fari a ƙasa. Wutsiyar tana da duhu daga sama, daga ƙasa tana iya zama ko haske ko tabo.
Akwai kashin baya 7 a wuya. Gabobin ciki suna kare 14 thoracic vertebrae, 10 lumbar vertebrae da 21 caudal vertebrae. Whale na humpback yana sakin babban maɓuɓɓugan ruwa mai siffa v, tsayin marmaron na iya kaiwa mita uku.
A ina whale yake rayuwa?
Hoto: Humpback Whale a Jamhuriyar Dominica
Whales na Humpback matafiya ne na gaske. Suna rayuwa ne a cikin tekunan duniya da kuma a gabar teku. Suna yin ƙaura koyaushe kuma suna zama galibi a cikin ƙauyukan krill. Hakanan kuma ana lura da ƙaura na yanayi. Wadannan dabbobin teku ba za a iya samun su kawai a cikin ruwan polar ba.
A cikin tekunan duniya, masana sun gano mutane da yawa da kusan garken whale 10 da suke ta ƙaura koyaushe. Yawan mutanen yamma suna yin ƙaura daga Iceland da Labrador zuwa ruwan New England da Tsibirin Antian.
Yawan mutanen gabas suna zaune a Tekun Barents, ruwan Norway, da yammacin Afirka. Herdsungiyoyin yamma da na gabas na iya haɗuwa yayin ƙaura. Zasu iya yin hunturu a cikin garke guda kusa da Antilles. Arewacin Tekun Fasifik kuma gida ne na watsewar garken garken da suka tashi daga Chukotka zuwa gabar California, bakin Mexico, Hawaii da Japan. Kusan garken 5 sun zabi ruwan sanyi na Arctic na Kudancin Hemisphere a matsayin gidansu.
Sanya wadannan garken kamar haka:
- garken farko yana bakin tekun Kudancin Amurka daga yamma;
- garken na biyu yana zaune a gefen tekun Kudancin Amurka a gefen gabas;
- na uku yana cikin ruwan gabashin Afirka da kusa da tsibirin Madagascar;
- na huɗu yana zaune cikin ruwa a Yammacin Ostiraliya;
- wani garken kuma yana zaune ne a gefen gabar Gabashin Ostiraliya.
A yankin ƙasarmu, kifin Whale na wannan jinsin yana rayuwa a tekun Jafananci, Chukchi, Berengovo, da Barents. Gaskiya ne, kwanan nan yawan kifayen wannan nau'in ya ragu ƙwarai, a cikin mazaunin waɗannan dabbobin yana zama ƙasa da ƙasa. 'Yan kifin whale ne kawai suka rage a cikin Tekun Barents.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Don 'yantar da kansu daga cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, kifin whale mai yawan shiga cikin bakin kogunan ruwa, inda suke' yanci daga cututtukan da ke rayuwa a jikin kifin whale. Kwayoyin paras ba za su iya rayuwa cikin ruwa mai kyau ba kuma su mutu.
Yanzu kun san inda whale yake rayuwa. Bari muga me wannan dabba mai shayarwa take ci.
Menene kifin Whale mai humpback yake ci?
Hotuna: Babban kifi whale
Whales na Humpback dabbobi ne masu farauta kuma suna cin abinci mafi yawa akan ƙananan ɓawon burodi, krill da kifi.
Abincin da aka saba yi na waɗannan halittu ya haɗa da:
- krill;
- cananan ɓawon burodi;
- kifin kifi;
- shrimp da plankton;
- herring;
- capelin;
- cod;
- chum;
- ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda da sauran nau'ikan kifi;
- tsiren ruwan teku.
Humpbacks suna ciyarwa akan tacewa. Waɗannan dabbobin suna da manyan faranti na whalebone, da ɗan kamannin sieve, waɗanda suke girma daga hawan sama. Wadannan faranti suna tattara plankton, algae da ƙananan kifi. Mai farautar kawai ya buɗe babbar bakinshi ya tsotse cikin babban ruwa tare da plankton da halittun da suke ciki.
Bayan kifin ya rufe bakinsa, sai a tace ruwan a tsakanin faranonin whalebone. A baya an shimfida dunƙulen wuyan wuya, harshen whale yana tashi. Abinci ya kasance a kan murfin da yake gefen gefen whalebone kuma daga baya aka haɗiye shi. Ruwa ya fito.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Whale halitta ce mai girman gaske kuma tana buƙatar abinci mai yawa. Cutar kifin Whale na iya ɗaukar kifin kilogiram 850.
Whales suna samun abincinsu ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Wani lokaci kifayen teku suna farautar dukkan makarantun kifi tare. Whale da yawa a lokaci guda suna iyo a cikin da'ira kuma suna yin bulalar ruwa da ƙafafunsu, suna ƙirƙirar zobe mai kumfa wanda kifin ba zai iya iyo ba har ya ɓace a cikin babbar makaranta.
A wannan yanayin, Whales suna jujjuya ruwa zuwa tsakiyar makarantar kifi suna ƙoƙarin kama ganima kamar yadda ya kamata. Lokacin farautar kifin da ke cikin ƙasa, raɗaɗɗen ruwa, fitar da ruwa, ƙirƙirar gajimare na kumfa a cikin ruwa daga busawa, wannan ya jefa kifin ƙasa. Bayan wannan, kifin kifi ya kaita nitsewa zuwa gindin, yana hadiye abinci.
Wani lokaci Whales ɗaya tilo yana girgiza kifi tare da kaɗa jela mai kaifi akan saman ruwa, yayin da kifin ke lilo a cikin da'irar. Kifin da ya dimauta bai fahimci inda yake buƙatar iyo ba sannan kuma ya ɓace cikin makaranta, bayan haka kifin whale ya kwace abincin.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Hummback Whale a cikin teku
Rayuwar humpbacks tana da matukar dogaro da ƙaurarsu ta zamani. A lokacin da ake saduwa da juna da kuma cikin mazauninsu na yau da kullun, Whale suna ƙoƙari su zauna a yankin bakin teku a zurfin zurfin ƙasa. Suna rayuwa sau da yawa a cikin mazaunin krill. A wuri guda, an yi wa dabbobi kitse suna samar da ƙarfi na mai mai laushi. A lokacin hunturu, Whale sukan ci kaɗan kuma su rasa kashi 30% na nauyinsu.
Don hunturu, Whales suna ƙaura zuwa wurare tare da yanayi mai ɗumi. Whales galibi suna shawo kan tekun Mexico, Japan da Colombia. A lokacin ƙaura, Whale suna ninkaya dubban kilomita, yayin da yanayin wahalar ke cikin layin madaidaiciya. Whales suna motsawa a hankali, yayin ƙaura saurin humpback yana kusan 10-15 km / h.
Humpback Whales ana daukar su mafi dariya da wasa. Humpbacks galibi suna haifar da wasan kwaikwayon gaba ɗaya ta tsalle daga cikin ruwa mita da yawa kuma suna iyo cikin farin ciki da farin ciki. A lokaci guda, humpbacks suna kewaye da gajimare na feshi. Wannan halin a cikin dabbobi ba da gaske bane saboda yanayin wasan su. Whales ba su da nishaɗi ta wannan hanyar, amma kawai kawar da ƙwayoyin cuta da ke rayuwa a jikinsu. Whales ba za su iya zama a ƙarƙashin ruwa a kowane lokaci yadda suke shaƙar iska ba.
A lokacin rani, Whales sun nutse cikin minti 5-8. A lokacin hunturu, zuwa 10-15 a wasu lokuta, zasu iya zama ƙarƙashin ruwa har zuwa rabin awa. Humpbacks koyaushe suna sakin maɓuɓɓugan na tsaftataccen ruwa a saman lokaci tsakanin sakan 5-17. Maɓuɓɓugan ruwan V-mai tsayin mita 5. Whales na Humpback suna da nutsuwa, yanayin zama da jama'a. Tsarin zamantakewar whales bai ci gaba ba; Whales gabaɗaya suna riƙe a cikin ƙananan garken dabbobi ko kuma su kaɗaita. Ba a kafa iyalai a cikin teku ba, mace ce kawai ke kula da zuriyar. Matsakaicin tsawon rayuwar kifin whales yana da shekaru 40-50.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Humpback whale daga littafin Red
Lokacin saduwa don kifin whales na humpback yana faɗi a lokacin hunturu. Yayin duk lokacin saduwar aure, ana iya jin waƙoƙin maza mai ƙarfi. Don haka suna jan hankalin mata, kuma suke sanya iyakokin abubuwan mallakar su ga wasu mazan. Wani lokaci waƙa na iya zama hanyar sadarwa ta gama gari.
A lokacin saduwa, kifayen ruwa kan mamaye ruwa mai dumi, yayin da mata masu shirin saduwa suka zauna cikin nutsuwa ruwa mai kariya daga iska a cikin ruwa mara zurfi. Maza suna kusa. Bayan ya zaɓi mace, sai namiji ya bi ta, ba ya barin wasu mazan su kusace ta. Sau da yawa akan sami rikici tsakanin mazan da ke fada da mace. Namiji ba ya zama tare da mace na dogon lokaci, kuma bayan ya sadu, ya kusan nan da nan ya yi ritaya ya koma ga sauran maza.
A ƙarshen lokacin saduwa, kifayen kifi sun koma wuraren ciyar da polar. A can, Whales suna yin kitso sosai na tsawon watanni 3. Bayan kitse, masun kifi suka koma ruwan dumi. A can yake, bayan kusan shekara guda da haihuwa, ana haihuwar ɗiya ɗaya cikin mata. Whale na sabuwar haihuwa yayi nauyi tsakanin kilo 700 zuwa tan 1.5. Girman diyan a lokacin haihuwa ya kai kimanin mita 5. Mace tana ciyar da ɗiyar da madara a lokacin shekarar farko.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Whale na mata sune dabbobi masu shayarwa da ke iya ɗauke da ciyar da ɗiya da madara a lokacin da ita kanta ba ta da abin da za ta ci. A lokacin hunturu a yankin na wurare masu zafi, Whale a zahiri basa cin abinci, kuma mata suna ciyar da yaransu da madara, wanda ake samarwa daga tanadin mai.
Theayan yana girma da sauri, kuma a ƙarshen ciyarwar yana da tsawon mita 9. A wannan lokacin, mace tana ba da kusan duk ajiyar kuɗi kuma tana da nauyi sosai. Yayin hijira, thean akuya yana iyo kusa da mahaifiyarsa. Whales sun kai ga balagar jima'i da shekaru 6. Mace takan haihu sau 1 sau daya duk bayan 'yan shekaru. Wasu lokuta mata na iya yin ciki yayin lokacin shayarwa, amma wannan yana cikin yanayi mai kyau kawai.
Abokan gaba na whales na humpback
Hotuna: Humpback whale
Whales Humpback, saboda girmansu, kusan ba su da abokan gaba a cikin daji. Daga cikin makiya na whale na zahiri, kawai kifin whale ne za a iya lura da shi, wanda zai iya kai hari ga ofan kifi. Koyaya, waɗannan manyan halittun suna da guba sosai ta ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta.
Mafi yawan cututtukan cututtukan da ke rayuwa a kan ruwa sun hada da:
- kula;
- ƙoshin whale;
- baleen crustaceans;
- zagaye tsutsotsi;
- trematodes;
- nematodes, gefen-scrapers, da dai sauransu.
Amma babban makiyin waɗannan manyan halittu ya kasance kuma har yanzu mutum ne. Whales sun daɗe suna abin da ake fataucinsu, kuma a ƙarni na 20, kusan 90% na waɗannan dabbobin an kashe su, yanzu don farauta, an gabatar da haramcin kan kifayen. Amma har yanzu, ana kashe whale da yawa kowace shekara. Naman Whale yana da matukar daraja, kuma whalebone shima yana da matukar daraja, wanda daga shi ake yin abubuwa da yawa.
Tare da gabatarwar haramcin farauta, yawan kifin whale ya fara murmurewa sannu a hankali. A yau babban abin damuwa shine lalacewar jikin ruwa wanda Whales ke rayuwa a ciki. Saboda canjin yanayi da gurɓataccen ruwa, shigar ƙwayoyin sunadarai masu cutarwa cikin ruwa, kifi da ƙananan ɓawon burodi, waɗanda abincin Whale ne, suna mutuwa. Bayan haka. tarkace mara saurin lalacewa ta makale a sashin narkar da kifin Whale, wanda kan iya sa dabbar ta mutu.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Yaya irin kifin whale yake
Saboda cewa tun da daɗewa mutane suna ta ɓacin rai don farautar kifi whale, yawan waɗannan halittu masu ban al'ajabi suna cikin barazanar bacewa. Statisticsididdiga suna baƙin ciki: daga cikin mutane dubu 150-120, mutane dubu 30 zuwa 60 ne kawai suka rage a duniyarmu. A lokaci guda, yawan Tekun Arewacin Atlantika ya sauka daga 15,000 zuwa 700.
Yawan kifin whale na Arewacin Fasifik ya kasance kusan mutane 15,000, amma daga 1976 yawan mutanen ya ragu zuwa 1,500, kodayake a 1997 yawan mutanen ya sake karuwa zuwa 6,000. A Kudancin Kudancin a shekarar 1965, akwai mutane dubu 100, a halin yanzu akwai kawuna dubu 20. A cikin Tekun Arewacin Indiya a cikin 80s. mutane 500 ne kawai.
Bayan da aka gabatar da dokar hana kamun kifi, yawan humpback ya fara murmurewa a hankali. A cikin 1990, wannan nau'in yana da Matsayi a cikin Littafin Ja - an canza jinsunan da ke gab da halaka zuwa Masu Rauni (jinsin da yawan su ke cikin wani yanayi mai rauni).
Babban barazanar da ke tsakanin Whale a wannan lokacin shi ne mummunan yanayin muhalli, gurɓatar ruwa da canjin yanayi. Hakanan, Kifin Whale mai yawan lokaci yakan kare ne a cikin ragar kamun kifi, daga inda basa iya fita, kuma suyi karo da jiragen ruwa.
Kariyar kifin Whale
Hoto: Humpback whale daga littafin Red
Babban matakin kariya ga kifin whale na humpback, wanda ya haifar da karuwar mutane, shi ne hana whala a duk kasashen duniya. A halin yanzu, wasu mutane kalilan ne ke da izinin farauta a kowace shekara.
A cikin yankunan ruwa da yawa, a matakin majalisa, sun takaita saurin da jiragen ruwa za su iya motsawa, sun sauya hanyoyin wasu jiragen ruwa ta yadda hanyoyin whale a lokacin yin hijira ba su tsinkaya da jiragen ruwa ba, kuma kifayen ba su fadi a cikinsu ba. An shirya ƙungiyoyi na musamman don taimaka wa whale su fita daga cikin raga.
A cikin ƙasarmu, ana lissafin kifin whale a cikin Littafin Ja. A yayin lalacewar yawan kifin whale, kamun waɗannan dabbobin ana hango su don dawo da dubu 210 dubu don tallafawa jihar.
Hakanan ana haɓaka ajiyar wurare a yankin Tekun Okhotsk da Tsibirin Kwamanda. Adana yawan kifayen da ke da ruwa yana da mahimmancin gaske don kiyaye bambancin halittu na dabbobi.
Whales suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin aiki na al'ummomin dabbobin daban-daban da sake zagayowar kwayoyin halitta a cikin yanayi. Bugu da kari, kifayen kifi suna tsara yawan kifaye da sauran halittun ruwa, suna hana su yawaita. Ceto naman kifi na whale yana hannunmu, ya kamata mutane su kula sosai da muhalli, gina shuke-shuke masu sarrafa shara, da sa ido kan tsabtace jikin ruwa.
Whale mai tsalle-tsalle Shin halitta ce mai ban mamaki da gaske. Har zuwa yau, masu bincike suna ƙoƙari su gano yadda ya kamata game da yadda waɗannan halittu suke rayuwa. Bayan duk wannan, a baya anyi abu kaɗan akan wannan batun. Binciko tsarin sigina na ban mamaki wanda mutane basu fahimta ba. Wane ne ya sani, wataƙila nan gaba kaɗan za mu gano abin da kifin da ake kira humpback yake waƙa?
Ranar bugawa: 08/20/2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 11.11.2019 a 12:01
