Pool katantanwa - Wannan shi ne mafi yawan nau'ikan katantanwa da ke zaune a cikin ruwaye daban-daban na ruwa (duka manyan koguna masu ƙarfi, da ƙananan kandami, da tabkuna da koramu tare da ruwa mai kauri da kuma yawan agwagwa). Gabaɗaya, ana iya ganin katantanwa na kandami a duk inda akwai wadataccen ruwa - har ma ana iya sanya shi ƙasa mai ban ruwa a tsari. Kari kan haka, katantanwar kandami ita ce dabbar da aka fi so ga masu ilimin ruwa, yana taimaka musu su tsaftace su. Katantanwa tana da kyau sosai don jurewa da allo wanda ke kan gilashi, duwatsu da sauran abubuwa a cikin akwatin kifaye. Kuma yana da ban sha'awa sosai don kallon wannan dabba mai jinkirin.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Pondovik
Nau'in babban kogin katantanwa (ruwan kandami na kowa) na mallakar mollusks ne na huhu, gama gari ne a ko'ina cikin Arewacin emasashen Arewa. Characteristicsayyadaddun siffofi masu kyau: kwasfa tana da tsayi kusan 45-60 mm kuma faɗi 20-34 mm, mai kauri, mai karkacewa, galibi tare da masu fasalin 4-5. A gefe ɗaya, an tsara shi ta saman kaifi, kuma a dayan, akwai buɗewa, ko baki (ta hanyarsa ne ƙafafun da kan mollusk ɗin suke matsewa zuwa waje, wanda a kan su akwai wasu tanti biyu masu taushi, idanu da buɗe baki).
Bidiyo: Pondovik
Tsuntsayen kandami na yau da kullun yana da huhu - a wannan ɓangaren ne musayar iskar gas tare da yanayin iska. Hakanan akwai zuciya mai ruɓewa biyu - tare da atrium da ventricle. Wannan gabar tana tabbatar da motsi na jini ta hanyar buda baki. Ganglia na periopharyngeal, grater mai haƙori kamar haƙori, da tsarin narkewar abinci, wanda ya ƙunshi sassa da yawa (pharynx, ciki, hanta, hanji) sune ƙarancin juyin halittar wannan nau'in, yana ba shi damar kula da ƙasan muhallin halittunsa a cikin biosphere, duk da yawan gasa da ƙwayoyin cuta ta amfani da katantanwar kandami a matsayin matsakaiciyar masauki.
Ya kamata a lura da mahimmancin kwasfa a cikin daidaitawar ƙuƙwalwar kandami zuwa mazaunin - wannan tsarin yana ba da amintaccen kariya ga laushin jikin igiyar daga tasirin abubuwa masu illa na yanayin jiki da na sinadarai, haka kuma daga lalacewar inji. Daidai saboda katantanwar kandami yana numfasawa ta cikin huhu, ana tilasta shi tashi tsaye bisa tsari zuwa ga saman ruwan. Kusa da gefen harsashin akwai wani rami mai zagaye na musamman wanda yake kaiwa kai tsaye zuwa huhu, acini wanda yake wadatar da jini da iskar oxygen kuma cire carbon dioxide daga ciki.
An raba jikin katantanwa zuwa manyan sassa 3:
- shugabannin;
- jiki;
- kafafu.
Theafa na wannan mazaunin jikkunan ruwa yana mamaye ɓangaren ciki na duka jikin. Ita tsoka ce, ta hanyar katantanwarta tana motsawa a saman. Tsarin rayuwa na katantanwa na ɗan gajere - a cikin hunturu sun mutu, a kowane hali. Dogaro da ƙananan raƙuman ruwa, katantanwa na kandami ya bambanta da launi na kwasfa, jiki da ƙafafu. Bugu da kari, har yanzu suna iya samun siffofi daban-daban da kaurin harsashi.
Duk da nau'ikan raƙuman ruwa, katantanwar kandami suna da tsari iri ɗaya (ya bambanta ne kawai a girma, launi da wasu sauran nuances). Amma akwai wasu banda. Misali - katantanwa na auricular. Bakin irin wannan kokin katantan yana kama da kunnen mutum a cikin sura da fasali. Harsashin yana da launin ruwan toka-rawaya, mai matukar siriri. A cikin nisa (a matsakaita) - 2.8 cm, a tsayi - cm 3.5. Jiki yana rawaya-kore tare da yawancin abubuwan ciki.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Yaya katantanwar kandami yake kama
Katantan bakin ruwa suna daga cikin 'yan dabbobin da basa kawo wata illa ga dan adam. Akasin haka, suna da matukar amfani. Katantan ruwan kandami suna cin ciyawar da ke wahalar da shuke-shuke da aka noma, kuma idan suna rayuwa a cikin yanayi na wucin gadi (ma'ana, a cikin akwatin kifaye), waɗannan dabbobin suna tsarkake akwatin kifaye daga ci gaban da yake fitowa koyaushe.
Bugu da ƙari, bisa ga bayanan hukuma, katantanwa na kandami yana da kaddarorin warkarwa. Akwai nau'ikan raƙuman ruwa masu yawa a cikin yanayi (manoma waɗanda suka hayayyafa don kasuwanci suna kiran ƙananan "ƙira", kodayake wannan ba gaskiya bane). Yana da ma'anar a yi la'akari da mafi yawancin su, saboda nau'ikan nau'ikan suna da halaye na musamman.
Babban kandami (talakawa). Wannan mollusk shine mafi girma a cikin dangi. Harsashin ya kai tsawon cm 6 da faɗi cm 3. Yana da baki mai faɗi da murfin 5-6. Ganuwar kwasfa launin ruwan kasa ne mai duhu. Suna da sirara da ɗan haske translucent. Launi launin toka ne mai ɗanɗano.
Ilaramar kandami... Wani fasali na wannan katantanwa zai kasance mai tsinkaya zuwa sama da mai tsayi, wanda ke da launi rawaya mai launin shuɗi. Kullun wannan kogin katantanwa koyaushe yana karkatarwa zuwa dama, yana kirgawa har sau 7. Harsashin yana da ƙarfi, kodayake siriri ne kuma a bayyane. Matsakaicin tsayinsa shine cm 1.2, faɗi -0.5 cm, kodayake ƙananan katantanwa na kandami sun kai irin waɗannan masu girman wuya. Launi launin toka ne.
Gulbin gulbin gulbi... Siffar kwanson wannan nau'ikan yana kama da mazugi mai kaifi. Tsawo - cm 3.2, faɗi - cm 1. Bakin ƙwarjinsa sananne ne don ƙaramin girmansa, launi launin ruwan kasa ne mai duhu, kusan baƙi. Jiki da kanta launin shuɗi ne mai launin toka.
Gwanin ƙwai... Wani fasali na daban shine harsashi mai saurin lalacewa tare da babban murfin farko, wanda ya zama sulusin bakin. A cikin nisa (matsakaici) yana da cm 1.5, kuma a tsayi - cm 2.7. Harsashi yana kusan bayyane, yana da ruwan hoda mai haske. An bayyana sunan katantanwa ta yanayin tsarcin bakin. Jikin katantanwar kanon zaitun ne mai haske ko launi mai launi.
A ina katantanwar kandami ke rayuwa?
Photo: Pond katantanwa
Za'a iyakance keɓewar katantanwa ta ƙananan ƙananan. Ana samun su a kusan dukkanin ruwa mai tsafta - koguna, tabkuna, kududdufai. Bugu da ƙari, idan babu wani ruwa da ya cika ba tare da waɗannan katantanwan ba, to a cikin lambuna da sauran ƙasar noma inda babu shimfidar ruwa kusa da shi, da wuya ku haɗu da babban kandami.
Ananan katantanwar kandami bai da nisa sosai game da yanayin wurin zama. Waɗannan ƙananan raƙuman suna yaɗu kusan a duk faɗin ƙasar Tarayyar Rasha. Ana samun wannan mollusk a cikin koguna, tabkuna, kududdufai har ma da kududdufai. Babban danshi ya isa ƙaramin katantan ruwa don jin al'ada.
Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, tafkin fadami yana rayuwa ne a cikin dukkanin kananan ruwa, an cika shi da laka da agwagwa. Kodayake ana samun waɗannan katantanwa a cikin rafuka tare da ruwa mai tsafta. Abin kawai ya fi musu wahalar rayuwa a can - sake kamanni bai dace da irin wannan yanayin ba, don haka babu ci gaban yawan jama'a. Katantan mai siffar kwai na iya rayuwa a zurfin gaske, galibi ana samun mollusk a cikin manyan ruwa - koguna da tabkuna masu nutsuwa.
Hakanan katantan kunne ya bambanta da duk sauran katantanwan kandami dangane da fifikon yankuna. Babban fasalin shine cewa galibi ba a samun wannan nau'in a jikin ruwa, amma a ƙasa, a kan duwatsu da bishiyoyi (ya fi son wuraren da ke kusa da ruwa ko wuraren da ke da ɗimbin zafi, ana shayar dasu da tsari). Wasu ƙananan raƙuman ruwa na kandami suna rayuwa a zurfin zuwa 250 m ko a tsawo na 5 dubu m, amma ba a same su a yankin ƙasar Rasha ba, yawancin su ba su da yawa.
Yanzu kun san inda aka sami katantanwar kandami. Bari muga me zai ci.
Menene katantanwar kandami ke ci?
Photo: Babban kandami katantanwa
Babban abu na "menu" na katantanwar kandami shine algae da sauran abincin tsirrai - katantanwa da ke zaune a ƙasa suna cin ciyawa sosai. Katantan bakin ruwa kuma ba ya ƙyamar detritus da carrion. Kuma idan aka ba da gaskiyar cewa koda mafi yawan "nau'in ruwa" na ƙirar katantanwa suna motsawa zuwa ƙasa daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, ciyawar iri-iri, algae da ma rubabbun shuke-shuke suna cin su sosai. Rayuwa a cikin akwatin kifaye, katantanwar kandami tare da dogon harshe yana kwalliyar abin almara wanda ke kan bango. Bugu da kari, mollusk din yana cin abincin da ke sauka a kasan kifin.
Masanan ruwa suna bayar da shawarar sosai wajen sanya kananan kwai da alli wanda ba a fasa ba a matsayin karin ciyarwa ga katantanwa na korama. Yana da kyau a ba da katantanwar kandami da aka girma cikin yanayin wucin gadi a ba shi apple, kabeji, shuɗi, zucchini, da kabewa, karas, ganye, latas da sauran kayan lambu.
Lura cewa idan katantanwa bata cinye adadin ma'adinai da abubuwan alamomin da take buƙata ba, lalacewar ganuwar harsashi zata fara. Don daidaita al'amuran, yakamata a ciyar da katantanwar kandami da sauri tare da abinci mai ɗauke da alli mai yawa.
Wani mahimmin fasali game da abinci mai kyau na katantanwa masu kama. Ka tuna cewa idan akwai katantanwa da yawa a cikin akwatin kifaye, zasu ci algae ƙira da ƙwazo. Dangane da haka, za a sami rashin isashshen oxygen a cikin akwatin kifaye.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Pond katantanwa
A tsayin lokacin bazara, a lokacin zafi, katantanwar kandami koyaushe suna kusa da farfajiyar tafki, wani lokacin kuma suna iyo a saman ruwan. Don kama irin wannan narkakken, babu buƙatar amfani da raga - ba zai yi wahala a cire shi daga abubuwan cikin ruwa da hannu ba.
Amma duk da cewa tafkin shine wurin da aka fi so don katantanwa na ruwa, lokacin da suka bushe (kuma a lokacin zafi, har ma a tsakiyar Rasha, ƙananan tafkuna, ramuka da kududdufi sukan bushe), ba duk mollusks ke mutuwa ba.
Masana kimiyya sun gano abubuwan da suke da ban sha'awa aromorphosis, wanda ke ba ku damar dacewa da yanayin sauyin yanayi mai saurin canzawa. Ya ƙunshi cikin gaskiyar cewa idan akwai yanayi mara kyau, masu yin mollusks suna sakin wani fim mai kauri wanda ya rufe buɗewar harsashi. Saboda wannan damar, wasu nau'ikan raƙuman ruwa na kandami na iya jure kasancewar babu ruwa na dogon lokaci ba tare da cutar da lafiya ba.
Misali, babban katantanwar kandami na iya yi ba tare da ruwa ba har tsawon makonni 2, kuma don ƙarin katantanwar kandami wannan lokacin ya wuce wata 1. Smallaramar korama tana da jimiri na musamman game da wannan. Zai iya mannewa da matattara tare da gamsai da aka samar (ta hanyar, daushin kandami mai tausayawa yayi daidai da wannan. Don ƙayyade juriyar waɗannan nau'in a ƙarƙashin yanayin gwaji, samfuran 4 sun kasance masu aiki bayan sun kasance a cikin wani abu mai lalata alli chloride tsawon wata ɗaya.
Haka kuma, wasu nau'ikan raƙuman ruwa na kandami ba sa mutuwa yayin da jikin ruwa ya daskare. Ganin irin karfin da suke da shi, sukan daskare cikin kankara kuma su rayu da zarar tafkin ya narke. Misali, a cikin yankin Moscow akwai ƙananan raƙuman ruwa 5 na katantanwa tare da wannan damar! Kodayake mafi yawan manyan katantan ruwa ko da yaushe yana mutuwa a lokacin sanyi.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Pond a cikin akwatin kifaye
Duk katantanwar kandami hermaphrodites ne. Balagarsu ta jima'i tana faruwa ne kimanin makonni 10. Ana tattara ƙwai ɗin da aka ɗora a cikin gungu-gunduwoyi, an rufe su da ƙoshi, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da tsire-tsire na ruwa. Daga ƙwai (gwargwadon yadda tafkin ke da dumi), tuni ƙirar mollusks suka ƙyanƙyashe bayan kimanin kwanaki 15-30.
Duk da cewa katantanwa na kandami hermaphrodites ne, hadi a cikinsu ana aiwatar da su ta hanyar giciye. Bugu da kari, suna iya yin takin kansu da nasu kwayayen. Wadannan masoya na danshi sau daya suna sanya kwai da yawa, wadanda aka killace a cikin wani kamala ta musamman, wacce ta kunshi gamsai. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ɗayan irin wannan ya ƙunshi kwai har zuwa 300.
Qwai da kansu a cikin katantanwa na kanana ba su da launi, ba wanda zai iya cewa - a bayyane. Kimanin wata ɗaya daga baya, ana haifar da ƙananan katantanwa daga gare su, wanda a cikin halayensu na waje ba ya bambanta ta kowace hanya daga manya. Katantan ruwan kandami suna hayayyafa sosai, sabili da haka, idan suna zaune a cikin akwatin kifaye, ana ba da shawarar a lokaci-lokaci cire abubuwan da suke da yawa. Wani fasali mai ban sha'awa - idan a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi kogin katantanwa da ƙarancin lokacin hunturu, to a cikin ƙwace waɗannan mollusks ɗin suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 2-3, kuma a wannan lokacin sun haɓaka har sau 500.
Abokan gaba na kogin katantanwa
Hoto: Yaya katantanwar kandami yake kama
Babban abokan gaba na duk wani katantanwa na kandami (banda, watakila, kunnen katantanwa - yana rayuwa a doron ƙasa) sune kifaye waɗanda ke cin su sosai. Bugu da ƙari, wannan yanayin yana faruwa a cikin daji da akwatin kifaye. A cikin koguna da tafkuna, katantanwar kandami ita ce lamba ta farko a cikin menu don kifin kifi - suna son cin abinci a kan waɗannan molluscs mafi yawa. Roach, bream na azurfa, chub, asp da sauran nau'ikan kifayen ruwa masu ƙyama basa kyamar "ɓoye" kansu da su.
Suna cin katantanwa da kunkuru, kuma idan kifin yana buƙatar kallon lokacin lokacin da kogin katantanwar ya nuna jikinsa daga harsashi, a sauƙaƙan kunkuru sukan murƙushe “gidan” katantanwa tare da yawan su, suna cin nama mai daɗi. Ganin jinkirin da suke yi, katantanwa ba su da damar da za su ɓoye da sauri daga waɗannan dabbobin da ke son cin abinci a jikinsu.
Irin wannan yanayin yana faruwa a cikin akwatin kifaye - a nan katantanwa tare da babbar sha'awa ana farautar su da zakara da macropods. Yanayin ya zama daidai - bayan jiran katantanwar kandami ya nuna rashin hankali kuma ya bayyana daga harsashi, nan da nan suka kama shi suka fitar da shi.
A kan ƙasa, manyan maƙiyan kogin katantanwa sune tsuntsaye. A gare su, katantanwa maraba ce kuma mai sauƙin samun magani. Baƙin yana da saurin fashewa ta bakinsa mai ƙarfi (yayin da shima yana matsayin kyakkyawan madogara ta alli), kuma ana cin jikin.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Pond katantanwa
Game da rarraba nau'ikan, ana rarraba katantanwa na kandami (nau'ikan su daban-daban) akan yawancin duniya - alumomin su suna mamaye yankuna a Turai, Asiya, harma da Afirka da Amurka. Babban ƙarfin daidaitawa yana sa ya yiwu a daidaita da kusan kowane mazaunin. Bugu da ƙari, hatta jikin ruwa da aka ƙazantar da ƙazantar masana'antar suna da sha'awar katantanwa na kandami - sun koyi rayuwa koda suna la'akari da mummunan tasirin tasirin anthropogenic. Ana iya jayayya da amintacce cewa katantanwar kandama ɗaya daga cikin mazaunan ruwa mai yaɗuwa, wanda ke zaune kusan dukkanin tafkunan ruwa da magudanan ruwa da suke wanzu. Katantanwa har ma suna rayuwa a cikin ɓarna!
A gefe guda, mutum ne wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga yaduwar wannan nau'in mollusks zuwa mafi girma - 'yan aquariums kaɗan ba tare da katantanwar kandami ba (masu tsabtace bangon yanayi). Kari kan haka, ana kirkirar gonaki na musamman don katantanwa na kandami, saboda yawan mutanen duniya na karuwa sosai. Wani abu, balle ɓacewa ko littafin Ja, tabbas ba a yi musu barazana ba!
Gaskiyar cewa katantanwar kandami dabbobi ne marasa cikakkiyar fahimta ya basu damar samar da kewayon da yawa, amma a lokaci guda akwai abubuwan da ke hana yaduwar su da yawa. Da farko dai, ya kamata a sani cewa kwayar halittar gandun daji kyakkyawan gida ne mai kyau ga helminth - mollusk matsakaici ne mai daukar tsutsotsi. Lokacin da tsutsarsu ta fita daga jikin katantanwa, sai ta mutu. Hakanan, matsala ta gama gari ita ce kayar da katantanwar kandami tare da naman gwari - kodayake wannan matsalar galibi tana faruwa ne a cikin yanayin wucin gadi.
Pool katantanwa - ɗayan maɗaukakiyar maƙarƙashiya, suna dacewa da kowane yanayin muhalli. Abubuwa masu illa na yanayin ɗan adam, fari, kasancewar adadi mai yawa na abokan gaba na halitta - duk wannan ba matsala ba ce a gare su. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa yawan waɗannan ƙananan ba sa raguwa.Kari akan haka, katantanwar kandami suna amfanar mutane ta hanyar kashe ciyawa da tsire-tsire da suka mutu, kuma a cikin akwatin kifaye suna aiki kamar matattarar yanayi.
Ranar bugawa: 08/11/2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 09/29/2019 da 18:04
