Bakin bushiya - dabba mai kwari wanda ke rayuwa a cikin hamada, filaye, masarufi. Wannan jinsi na gida daya ne kamar na bushiya, amma a tsarin jiki da halaye sun bambanta da na bushiya. Kunnen bushiya, ba kamar sauran wakilan wannan dangin ba, suna da dogayen kunnuwa, wadanda suke dan lankwasa gaba. Hakanan akwai tabo mai launin rawaya a kan allurar busassun bushewar bushewa. Girman busassun kunnuwa ya fi yadda aka saba gani, kuma suna gudu da sauri.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: bushewar bushewa
Hemiechinus auritus da busassun bushiya itace dabba mai shayarwa wacce take cikin umarnin kwari, dangin bushiya. Akwai jinsin daya a cikin jinsin halittar - bushiyar kunnuwa. Iyalin bushiya na ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin dangi a duniyarmu. Wakilan farko na wannan dangin sun rayu wannan duniya tamu kusan shekaru miliyan 58 da suka gabata. Burbushin bishiyar bushiya da aka samo a Arewacin Amurka yana da shekaru miliyan 52. Girman kakannin kakan bushiya bai wuce santimita 5 kawai ba. Tsoffin bishiyoyi sun yi kama da wakilan zamani na wannan dangin, amma sun ɗan bambanta a tsarin jikinsu.
Bidiyo: Kunnen bushiya
The Hemiechinus auritus jinsin an bayyana shi ne ta hanyar Bajamushe matafiyi kuma masanin halitta Samuel Georg Gottlieb Gmelin a cikin 1770. Kunnuwa masu kunnuwa ya bambanta da na bushiya a cikin girman kunnuwansu. Duk da yake sauran wakilan wannan dangi suna da kananan auricles kuma kusan ana boye su a tsakanin allurai, kunnuwan kunnuwan kunkuru suna da tsayi kimanin cm 6. Dogon bushiya ya rufe gaba ɗaya da allura masu kaifi.
Wani lokaci ana kiran bishiyoyi masu dogon kunnuwan pygmy, saboda gaskiyar cewa suna da ƙanƙanta fiye da na bushiya. Tsawon jikin manya daga 13 zuwa 26 cm, nauyi daga 200 zuwa 470 gram. Siffar bakin bakin kaifi ce. A yankin goshin, ana ganin tsiri farar fata, yana sauka a jiki. Gashin yana da launin toka mai laushi. Launin shinge na wannan nau'in na iya zama daban dangane da mazaunin dabbar.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hoto: Yaya bushiyar kunnuwa tayi kama
Kunnen bushewar katako ƙananan kwari ne. Jikin babban bushiya yana da tsawon cm 12 zuwa 26. Girman jelar yakai 16-23 mm, ƙananan raƙuman Pakistan na wannan nau'in sun fi girma kuma 30 cm a tsayi. Maza sun kai nauyin gram 450, mata na iya yin nauyi tsakanin gram 220 zuwa 500. Theararren karafunan busassun kunnuwan bishiyoyi sun yi ƙanƙanta fiye da na bishiyoyin gama gari. A gefen ƙananan ɓangarorin, a kan bakin da ciki, akwai layin gashi mai laushi. A baya da gefuna, layin gashi tare da allura masu nuni a ƙarshen.
Alluran gajere ne, 17 zuwa 20 mm tsayi, an rufe su da ƙananan tsage da tsalle-tsalle. Bornananan busassun bushewa an haife su tare da laushi masu laushi da haske, kuma makafi ne. Da makonni 2, busassun bishiyoyi sun fara gani, suna koyon lankwasawa cikin ƙwallo, kuma allurar tasu na da ƙarfi kuma ta zama kaifi. Dogaro da mazaunin dabbar, launi na allurai na iya bambanta daga bambaro mai haske zuwa baƙi.
An nuna bakin wuya. Idanun kanana ne kuma zagaye. Iris na idanu duhu ne a launi. Auricles suna da girma, har zuwa 5 cm a tsayi, kunnuwa suna dan lankwasawa zuwa fuska. Gashin baki madaidaici ne. Cheekarfin kumatun dabbobi masu ƙarfi suna da alama mai ƙarfi. Bakin yana da hakoran hakora 36 daidai. Gabobin jiki dogo ne kuma masu karfi. Bushiya tana iya gudu da sauri, kuma idan akwai haɗari to tana birgima cikin ƙwallo tare da allurai a sama. Tsawon rayuwar bishiyoyi a cikin daji kusan shekaru 3 ne. A cikin bauta, bushewar bishiyoyi suna rayuwa har tsawon shekaru 6, wannan saboda yanayin yanayi mafi kyau da kwanciyar hankali.
A ina ne kunnen bushiya yake rayuwa?
Hoto: busasshiyar bushiyar daji a cikin hamada
Wurin zama na busassun shinge yana da fadi da yawa. Wadannan dabbobin ana iya samunsu a cikin tsaunuka, rabin saharar Libya, Egypt, Israel, Asia Minor, Pakistan da Afghanistan. Kuma suna zaune a Indiya, hamadar Kazakhstan da tuddai na Mongoliya. A China, ana iya samun wannan nau'in bushiya a yankin Xinjiang Uygur kawai. A cikin kasarmu, ana samun busassun kunkuru a cikin tsaunukan yankin Volga da kuma Novosibirsk. A cikin Urals, daga ƙarshen kudu maso yammacin Siberia zuwa tsaunin Altai. Wasu lokuta ana samun su akan ƙasar Ukraine.
Itatuwan bushewa suna zaune a wurare tare da ƙasa mai yashi busassun kuma a kan ciyawa. Suna zabar wuraren bushewa kamar busassun kwari, koguna, ravuka. Sun zauna cikin hamada tare da dogayen ciyawa da ciyayi marasa kyau. Wuraren da ba a son su tare da ciyawar da aka ƙone da manyan bishiyoyi na itace da ta mutu. Idan ya cancanta, bushiya a wasu lokuta kan hau tsaunuka zuwa tsayin mita 2400 sama da matakin teku. Don rayuwa, bushiyar bushiya tana haƙa rami mai zurfi har zuwa mita ɗaya a tsayi. Rufe ramin a waje. Wasu lokuta kunkuntun busassun kunnuwa sukan mamaye burbushin wasu dabbobi.
Duk busassun kunnuwan hunturu suna ciyarwa a cikin raminsu, zuwa kaka sukan rufe mazauninsu ta hanyar jan ganye a wurin, shirya wani gida na gida, kuma lokacin hunturu yana rufe ƙofar ramin da 'yan hibernates har zuwa bazara. Idan yana zaune kusa da ƙauyuka, zauna kusa da mazaunin mutumin da baya tsoro ko kaɗan.
Menene bushiyar kunnuwa ta ci?
Photo: Steppe kunnuwa bushiya
Dogayen busassun kunnuwan dabbobi kwari ne. Abincin na busassun bishiyoyi ya haɗa da:
- kananan ƙwaro;
- tururuwa;
- kadangaru;
- kwadi;
- macizai;
- tsutsar ciki;
- beraye da beraye;
- kananan tsuntsaye da kajinsu;
- qwai tsuntsaye.
Daga abincin shuke-shuken, bushiya suna son cin abinci a kan 'ya'yan itatuwa,' ya'yan itace da tsaba iri-iri. Bishiyar kunnuwa mai dogon kunne, samun abinci wa kanta, tana iya gudu cikin sauri, waɗannan bushiyoyin suna motsi da sauri fiye da sauran wakilan wannan dangin. Don haka yana da matukar wahala wanda aka yi wa bushiya ya ɓuya daga bin wannan ƙaramar dabbar. Bugu da kari, busassun busassun kunnuwa suna da tauri sosai, za su iya rayuwa ba tare da abinci da ruwa ba har tsawon makonni 10 yayin cikin nutsuwa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Idan busasshiyar kunun daji ta ci wata dabba mai dafi, ba kawai yana karɓar guba ba ne, har ma yana haɓaka kwanciyar hankali ga cizon waɗannan dabbobin. Misali, idan bushiya ta ci wata maciji mai dafi, babu abin da zai same shi, kuma a nan gaba, cizon wadannan macizai masu hadari ba sa tsoron sa.
Ana daukar bishiyoyi a matsayin ainihin tsari na daji, suna cin kwari masu cutarwa, beraye masu dauke da cututtuka daban-daban, macizai masu dafi da kwari. Saboda haka, idan bushiya ta sauka kusa da mazaunin mutum, mutane sun fara ciyar da su, suna sane cewa idan bushiya ta zauna a cikin gonar lambu, ba za a sami kwari a kanta ba, tunda wannan ƙaramin mai farautar zai halaka su da sauri.
Mutane galibi suna son adana kunnuwan bishiyoyi kamar dabbobi, amma wani lokacin yana da wahala a sami abincin da bushiya ke ci a yanayi. A cikin fursuna, ana ciyar da busassun kunnuwa da naman kaji, naman sa, ƙwai, dafaffun nama; suna kuma ba da fruitsa fruitsan itace, kayan lambu, da seedsa seedsan shuka.
Yanzu kun san abin da za ku ciyar da bushiya. Bari mu ga yadda dabbar take rayuwa a cikin daji.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hoto: bushiyar bushiyar Afirka
Tsohuwar bushiya ba dabba ce mai tashin hankali ba tare da halaye masu nutsuwa. Mai saurin tashin hankali da tashin hankali. A cikin daji, ba dare ba. Gudu sosai da sauri. Bishiya ba sa gani da kyau, saboda haka waɗannan dabbobin suna farautar kunne. A cikin dare, bushiya mai kunnuwa na iya rufe nisan kilomita 8-9. Da rana, bushiya tana ɓuya a mafakarsa tana bacci. Don hutawa, ya yi wa kansa mafaka na ɗan lokaci a cikin ƙasa ƙarƙashin tushen bishiyoyi ko bishiyoyi. Baya ga matsugunai na ɗan lokaci, bushiyar kunnuwa ta haifar da ainihin gida don kanta. Babban rami mai zurfin da ya kai zurfin mita 1.5 ko kuma gidan wani yake zaune. Irin wannan ramin yana kan tsauni a ƙarƙashin tushen itace ko daji. A ƙarshen ramin, an shirya maɓuɓɓuga na musamman, inda a lokacin kiwo, ana haihuwar kananan bushiyoyi.
Hedan busassun kunnuwa suna kaunar kadaici kuma ba sa gina iyalai, ba su da abokan tarayya na dindindin, kada su bi cikin garken. A lokacin faɗuwa, ana cinye busassun bishiyoyi ta hanyar tara kitse mai haɗari. Bishiyoyi suna shiga cikin nutsuwa a cikin Oktoba-Nuwamba, su farka daga barcin a farkon Afrilu. A cikin yanayi mai dumi, busassun busassun bishiyoyi suna hibernate ne kawai in babu abinci. Ernaura a cikin busassun bishiyar wannan nau'in ba shi da ƙarfi kamar sauran wakilan wannan iyalin. A lokacin sanyi, zai iya farkawa ya ci kayan da ya tanada don lokacin sanyi.
Wadannan dabbobin suna kyautatawa mutum kuma sam basa jin tsoron mutane. Suna karɓar abinci daga mutum, suna jin daɗi a cikin bauta. Idan kun fara bushewar kunnuwa kamar dabbar gida, da sauri yakan saba da mutane, yana gane mai shi kuma yana sauraron sa. Tare da wasu dabbobin, ba mai tayar da hankali ba idan akwai haɗari, yana fara yi masa ba'a, yana faɗakar da rashin jin daɗinsa, ya hau kan mai laifin yana ƙoƙarin yi masa fatawa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Garkunan kunnuwa da gaske ba sa son yin birgima a cikin ƙwallo, kuma yi ƙoƙarin yin komai ba don yin wannan ba. Idan akwai haɗari, sai su fusata su yi fushi da ihu ga abokin hamayyar, su yi ƙoƙari su gudu, idan wannan bai yi nasara ba kuma an rufe hanyoyin tserewa, waɗannan bushiyoyin suna tsalle a kan mai laifin nasu yana ƙoƙari ya soki abin raɗaɗi. Hannun bushiya yana birgima cikin ƙwallo kawai idan akwai mummunan haɗari.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: gearamin busassun kunnuwa
Lokacin kwanciya don bushewar bishiyoyi ya faɗi a bazara; yayin lokacin kiwo, mata suna sakin sirri na musamman tare da pheromones. Mazaje suna jin wannan ƙanshin kuma suna tafiya don shi. Idan Namiji ya kusanci mace, sai ya fara rera wakarsa irin ta busa. Hakanan yana fara nishi da gudu a kusa da ita bayan ɗan lokaci mace kuma tana cikin aikin wasanni.
Itace bushiya tana da sirri sosai, saboda haka tsarin saduwa yana faruwa a cikin ciyawar ciyawa. Na farko, dabbobin suna shakar juna, daga baya dabbobin suna shirya aikin yin fitsarin hadin gwiwa. Sannan namiji yana kokarin tunkarar mace ta baya. Alluran spiky na mace a cikin rayuwar yau da kullun a wannan lokacin suna taushi, yayin da karfin jini ke raguwa. Bugu da kari, bushiya tana daukar allurai ta hanyar ninkewa a hankali a bayanta.
Bayan saduwa, bushiya ta bar bushiyar kuma ta tafi don ba da rami, ko zurfafa da faɗaɗa tsohon mazaunin. Ciki mace na mako bakwai. Daga 2 zuwa 6 ake haihuwar bishiyoyi a lokaci guda. Ananan busassun bushiyoyi ba su da makafi lokacin da aka haife su. Idanun bushiya suna buɗe kawai bayan makonni 2, sasan suna ciyar da nonon uwarsu. Mace takan kasance tare da hera foranta na tsawon watanni biyu na farko, daga baya shingen zai iya barin gidan kakaninsu. Yankunan shingen kunne sun gamsu, kuma basu kirkirar iyalai ba, basu da abokan aiki na dindindin. Suna yiwa 'yan uwansu nutsuwa, rikice-rikice na iya kasancewa tsakanin maza ne kawai a lokacin saduwa.
Abokan gaba na busassun bishiyoyi
Hoto: Yaya bushiyar kunnuwa tayi kama
Bishiya ba kawai ke tafiyar da rayuwar dare ba, da rana akwai da yawa daga maharan da ba sa son cin abinci a kan wannan ƙaramar dabbar kunnen.
Babban maƙiyan halitta na kunnen bushiya sune:
- tsuntsaye masu farauta;
- dawakai,
- kerkeci;
- badgers;
- karnuka;
Kunnen bushiya yana da saurin aiki. Suna gudu da sauri sosai kuma suna ƙoƙari su gudu idan akwai haɗari, wanda galibi suna yin su cikin nasara. A cikin wani mawuyacin yanayi, suna tsokanar tsokanar mutane suna ƙoƙari su fallasa mai laifin.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Lokacin da masu farauta suka far wa bushiya kuma za su ci shi, ba za su iya yin wannan ba, saboda bushiya tana birgima cikin ƙwallo mai matse jiki. Masu farautar farauta sun gano yadda zasu magance shi, kawai suna yin fitsari ne a kan bushiya, a wannan lokacin bushiyar dole ta juya kuma a wannan lokacin mai farautar ya cinye ta.
Itace bushiya suna da juriya ga mafi yawan guba, a sauƙaƙe suna iya haƙurin cizon kwari mai guba da dabbobi masu rarrafe. Ko da yawan guba masu guba ba su da haɗari ga shinge. Ticky sau da yawa yakan zauna akan bushewar bishiyoyi; a cikin wani yanayi, bushiya tana tattarawa tana ciyar da ɗaruruwan waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta. Kari akan haka, helgehogs galibi suna cike da helminth. Hakanan, bushewar bishiyoyi suna da saukin kamuwa da cututtukan fungal, galibi suna kamuwa da irin wannan fungi kamar yadda Trychophyton mentagrophyte var. Erinacei da Candida albicans. Yaman bushiya suna ɗauke da cututtuka kamar su salmonellosis, adenoviruses, encephalitis virus, paramyxoviruses.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: bushewar bushewa
Bakin busassun kunnuwan dabbobi dabba ce mai sirrin gaske, wanda ke tafiyar da rayuwa ba dare ba rana, saboda haka yawan adadin busassun bishiyoyi yana da wahalar bin sawun su. Busassun katako sanannu ne na kwanciya kuma da rana basa barin ramuka, amma suna farauta da dare kawai. Koyaya, wannan nau'in yana dauke da yawa. A halin yanzu, jinsin yana da matsayin tilasta doka - jinsin da ke haifar da rashin damuwa. Baya bukatar wata kariya ta musamman. Bushewar bushewa da sauri, jure tasirin tasirin muhalli da kyau.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, busassun bishiyun wannan nau'in an zama koyaushe a matsayin dabbobi a cikin ƙasashe da yawa, sabili da haka ana yin irin wannan nau'in don sayarwa. Ana daukar bishiyoyin wannan nau'in dabbobin gida masu ban mamaki, ba sa tattakewa, sabanin busassun busassun talakawa, ba su da ma'ana a cikin abinci da kiyaye yanayin. Suna son masu su. Gaskiya ne, ga iyalai masu yara, bushiya ba ta dace da dabbobin gida ba, saboda tuntuɓar ƙaya da ƙaya zai iya haifar da rashin lafiyan yara.
Dangane da kariya ga bushiya, to ya zama dole a yi qoqarin kiyaye wuraren da ake amfani da bushiya wurin sauka. Don wannan, ya zama dole a tanadi wuraren ajiya, wuraren shakatawa, da inganta wuraren kore. Idan bushiya ta sauka kusa da gidanka, yi ƙoƙari kada ka bata masu rai. Ciyar da waɗannan dabbobi, kuma zasu kawar da kwari daga rukunin yanar gizon ku kuma zama abokai na gaske.
Bakin bushiya wani nau'i ne mai mahimmanci musamman don aikin noma. Itatuwa suna lalata kwari masu cutarwa da beraye masu ɗauke da cututtuka daban-daban. Unguwa tare da bushiya tana da amfani sosai, amma duk da cewa wadannan dabbobin suna da kyau sosai, bai kamata a taba bishiyoyin daji a tafi da su ba, domin cukurkudadden cukurkuda da sauran kwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa suna rayuwa akansu.
Ranar bugawa: 08/05/2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 11.11.2019 a 10:43
