Yawo fox Shin dabbobi masu kiwo ne wadanda ke yawo a cikin yankuna da yawa na Ostiraliya suna cin furanni da fruitsa fruitsan itace, suna yaɗa seedsa anda kuma suna shuka shuke shuke na ƙasa. Kariyar dawakai ba su da alaƙa da dawakai, amma ƙungiya ce ta jemagu masu kawuna irin na fox.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Photo: yawo fox
Yawo fox (wanda kuma ake kira jemage 'ya'yan itace) mambobi ne na babban rukuni na dabbobi masu shayarwa da ake kira jemage. Jemage ne kawai rukunin dabbobi masu shayarwa da ke iya dogon tafiya.
Tsohuwar xa fruitan Worlda fruitan itace masu yawo (dangin Pteropodidae) suna zaune cikin manyan kungiyoyi suna cin 'ya'yan itace. Saboda haka, suna iya zama kwari kuma ba za'a iya shigo dasu cikin Amurka ba. Kusan kusan duk jemage 'ya'yan itacen da ke Tsohuwar Duniya, dawakai masu tashi sama suna amfani da hangen nesa don kewayawa, ba maimaitawa ba.
Bidiyo: Flying Fox
Daga cikin shahararrun pteropodids akwai dawowar tashi (Pteropus), ana samun sa daga tsibirin wurare masu zafi daga Madagascar zuwa Australia da Indonesia. Su ne mafi girma daga dukkan jemagu. Wasu daga cikin mafi ƙanƙancin Familyan Uwa suna ciyar da itacen fure da itacen bishiyar bishiyar ɗan itace.
Dawakai masu yawo da harsuna masu yawa (Macroglossus) suna da kai da tsawon jiki kusan 6-7 cm (inci 2.4-2.8) da kuma fikafikan fizik kimanin 25 cm (inci 10). Launi ya bambanta tsakanin pteropodids; wasu ja ne ko rawaya, wasu masu ratsi ko tabo, ban da jemage (Rousettus).
Membobin Asiya na Iyali sun hada da nau'oi daban-daban na dawakai masu tashi da bishiyoyin 'ya'yan itace masu gajeren hanci (Cynopterus). Membobin Afirka na Iyali sun haɗa da fox mai tashi sama (Epomophorus), wanda maza ke da halayyar ɗanɗano na gashin gashi a kafaɗunsu, da kuma fox ɗin mai 'ya'yan itace mai guduma (Hypsignathus monstrosus), wanda ke da manyan hancin hanci da leɓɓa.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Yaya fox mai kama yake?
Akwai nau'ikan karnukan tashi sama 3:
- baki fox;
- furcin da yake furfura;
- ƙaramar ja fox mai yawo.
Bakar fata mai baƙar fata (Pteropus alecto) kusan baƙar fata ce baƙar fata tare da ƙaramin abin wuya ja ja da haske mai launin azurfa-mai launin toka a cikin ciki. Suna da matsakaita nauyin gram 710 kuma suna ɗaya daga cikin manyan jemage a duniya. Fukafukan su na iya wuce mita 1.
Farin kai mai furfura (Pteropus poliocephalus) ana samun saukin ganewa ta tsatsa, jan kwalarsa, kai mai toka da kafafuwanta masu gashi. Ita wata dabba ce mai shayarwa kuma ita ce babbar Australianar birin Australiya mai tashi sama. Manya suna da matsakaiciyar fikafikai har zuwa mita 1 kuma suna iya auna zuwa kilogram 1.
Har ila yau, ita ce nau'in mafi haɗari saboda yana gasa tare da mutane don babban mazaunin bakin teku tare da kudu maso gabashin Queensland, New South Wales, da kuma yankin Victoria. Farin kai mai launin toka-toka shine nau'in jinsin dabbar da ke tashi har abada a Kudancin Ostiraliya, kuma jinsin kasa ne da ke cikin hadari.
Thearamar ja mai tashi mai ja (Pteropus scapulatus) mai nauyin gram 300-600 ita ce mafi ƙanƙanta fox mai tashi daga Australiya kuma yana da launin ruwan kasa mai launin ja. Redananan jan fox masu yawo sau da yawa sukan fi zurfin zurfin su.
A ina ne Fox mai tashi?
Photo: Bat fox
Farnuwa masu tashi sama na iya amfani da yawancin nau'ikan mazaunin da ke samar da abinci, musamman ma gandun daji eucalyptus. Tare da furanni masu dacewa da bishiyoyi masu ɗauke da fruita fruita, jemagu zasu tashi cikin birane da garuruwa, gami da gundumomin kasuwanci na tsakiya, ba tare da jinkiri ba.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Dawowar fox dabbobi ne na zamantakewar al'umma wadanda suke samarda manyan kwari, wani lokacin ma wasu dubbai. Waɗannan wurare ne masu hayaniya da wari, inda maƙwabta koyaushe ke jayayya akan ƙananan yankunansu.
Groupsungiyoyi masu yawa na tsayi 28 cm, fruita fruitan grayauke da grayauke da fruita grayan itace ba sauran jan hankali a biranen Australiya da yawa, gami da Melbourne. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, fadada sabbin hanyoyin samar da abinci na birane da ci gaban jemage a cikin gidajen gona sun mai da birane manyan wuraren zama. Wannan hijirar ta kasance wata ni'ima ce ga mahaukata masu tashi, waɗanda ke fuskantar barazana daga abubuwan more rayuwa na birane kamar raga da katako, da kuma cin zarafi daga mazauna.
Bakar fata mai yawo baki gama gari ne a yankunan bakin teku da yankunan bakin teku na arewacin Ostiraliya daga Shark Bay a Yammacin Australia zuwa Lismore a New South Wales. An kuma samo shi a cikin New Guinea da Indonesia. Mazaunin gargajiyar fulawa mai furfura yana da tazarar kilomita 200 daga gabar gabashin Australiya, daga Bundaberg a Queensland zuwa Melbourne a Victoria. A cikin 2010, an sami dawakai masu tashi da furfura masu furfura suna zaune a waɗannan yankuna na gargajiya; wasu an same su kamar zurfin ciki, misali, a cikin Orange, kuma har zuwa kudu maso yamma, misali, a Adelaide.
Redananan jan foda masu yawo sune mafi yawan nau'in a Australia. Suna rufe wurare da yawa a arewaci da gabashin Ostiraliya, gami da Queensland, Northern Territory, Western Australia, New South Wales da Victoria.
Yanzu kun san inda jemage yake. Bari mu ga abin da wannan ɗan jemage ɗin yake ci.
Menene fox mai tashi?
Photo: Giant yawo fox
Yawo foxes galibi ana ɗaukar kwari daga lambun 'ya'yan itace. Koyaya, gaskiyar ita ce sun fi son abincinsu na ɗabi'a na ɗanɗano da fure daga bishiyoyin furannin ƙasar, musamman eucalyptus da ɓaure, kodayake ana cin 'ya'yan itacen da berriesa berriesan gida. Lokacin da aka share dazuzzuka, dawakai masu tashi sama sun rasa tushen abincinsu kuma ana tilasta musu komawa wasu hanyoyi kamar gonar gona.
Dawakai masu kalar ruwan toka masu farautar dare ne na shuke-shuke da furanni. Suna samo waɗannan samfuran ta amfani da ƙanshin ƙarfi da manyan idanu, masu dacewa don gane launuka da daddare. Karnukan dawakai suna dawowa kowane dare zuwa albarkatu iri ɗaya har sai sun ƙare. Abincin su ya banbanta, zasu iya ciyar da ragowar ciyawar gida da kuma cikin birane. Hakanan zasu iya amfani da sabbin albarkatu, gami da fruitsa fruitsan itacen bishiyar, musamman lokacin da wadatattun kayan abinci suke iyakance.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Dawakai masu launin toka mai launin toka sun fi son ciyarwa tsakanin kilomita 20 daga mazauninsu, amma kuma suna iya yin tafiyar sama da kilomita 50 don neman abinci.
Yawo fox suna da amfani ga lafiyar ciyayi yayin da suke yada iri da kuma shuka shuke-shuke na asali. Masu binciken sun yi hasashen cewa hijirar karen da ake yi na tashi yana iya zama alaƙa da ƙarancin abinci, kwararar ruwa, ko sauyin yanayi.
Wadannan dabbobin, wadanda ke cin 'ya'yan itace, furanni, tsirrai da jijiyoyi, sune mabuɗin gurɓata tsire-tsire da watsa iri. A zahiri, suna iya tashi nesa mai nisa - fiye da kilomita 60 a cikin dare ɗaya - suna kawo fruita fruitan itace (da tsaba) tare da su har ma da tara tsaba a lokacin tashin. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ba za su iya rayuwa ba har sai' ya 'yan su sami damar yin nisa sosai da tsire-tsire na mahaifiyarsu, sabili da haka dawakai masu tashi sama suna tabbatar da yaduwar su.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Yawo fox a cikin Maldives
Karnukan da ke tashi sama suna ta kara kaura zuwa biranen neman abinci da matsuguni sakamakon asarar muhallinsu. Wannan wani lokaci na iya zama matsala ga mazauna yankin saboda damuwa game da lafiya da walwala na sansanin fox mai tashi.
Yawancin jinsunan galibin gabashin Ostiraliya, dawakai masu tashi da furfura ko jemage 'ya'yan itace, galibi ana ganinsu da yamma, suna barin matsugunansu na dare cikin manyan kungiyoyi kuma suna zuwa filayen ciyarwar da suka fi so. Tunda an lissafa fox mai launin toka mai kai-kawo a cikin haɗari a cikin New South Wales, ana buƙatar izini don matsar da karnukan.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Babban ƙamshin da ke tattare da dawakan da ke tashi sama shi ne na dawakai maza masu tashi da ake amfani da su don yiwa yankinsu alama. Duk da yake wannan warin na iya zama illa ga wasu mutane, ba cutarwa ba ne ga lafiyar mutum.
Surutu na iya zama matsala lokacin da makwancin dawowar dawowar ke kusa da mazaunin, kasuwanci ko gundumar makaranta. Lokacin da Foxan tashi suke cikin damuwa ko tsoro, sukan yi amo da yawa. Coungiyoyin mulkin mallaka sun fi zama masu hayaniya lokacin da mutane suka dame su kuma suka fi nutsuwa lokacin da aka bar su su kaɗai.
Karnukan yawo suna aiki da dare lokacin da suke tafiya mai nisa don neman abinci. Idan gidanka yana kan hanyar jirgin dawakai masu yawo, dusar ruwa na iya yin tasiri a kanta. Litter daga dabbobi da yawa, gami da dawakai masu tashi sama, na iya ƙarewa a saman rufin.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Yawo fox a cikin jirgin
Dawakai masu yawo ba sa saurin haihuwa. Karnukan tashi mata masu haihuwa suna haihuwa tun suna 'yan shekara biyu zuwa uku, kuma yawanci suna haihuwa daya ne kawai a kowace shekara. Wannan ya sanya da wahala a iya dawo da yawan jama'a idan akasari mutane ne. Sansanonin jemage wurare ne masu mahimmanci don saduwa, haihuwa da kuma kiwon dabbobi. Dawakai masu tashi da furfura na iya haduwa a duk shekara, amma samun ciki yakan faru ne tsakanin Maris da Mayu, lokacin da maza suka zama masu haihuwa.
Juna biyu yana ɗaukar watanni shida kuma mata suna haihuwar ɗa ɗaya tsakanin Satumba zuwa Nuwamba. Jaririn yana manne da cikin mahaifiyarsa kuma ana riƙe shi na makonni uku zuwa biyar, sannan a bar shi da daddare a sansanin yara don jemagu. Iyaye mata sun dawo zango jim kaɗan kafin wayewar gari, su sami theira usingansu masu amfani da sigina da kamshi na musamman, kuma suna shayarwa. Iyaye mata suna nade fikafikan su game da yaran don kiyaye su da rana da kuma yanayin sanyi.
Ana yaye yaran da nono daga ruwan nono bayan kimanin watanni biyar, kuma bayan wasu aikace-aikace a shawagi a sansanin, sukan tashi da dare tare da manya don cin furanni da ‘ya’yan itace. Orsananan yara suna koyon tukin jirgin sama cikin kusan watanni biyu kuma sun sami cikakken 'yanci bayan wata mai zuwa. Yaran yara masu zaman kansu suna fuskantar haɗari kuma yawan mace-mace yana da yawa a cikin shekaru biyu na farko na rayuwa.
Abokan gaba na dawakai
Hoton: Bakar fata mai tashi
Akwai maharan da yawa daban-daban da za su iya haifar da matsaloli ga dawakai masu tashi. Girman nau'ikan nau'ikan yana tasiri nau'ikan matsalolin da zasu iya fuskanta tare da mafarauta daban-daban. Wasu jinsunan dabbobi masu tashi sama suna samun dawowar tashi abinci mai dadi. Wadannan sun hada da mujiya da shaho. Sau da yawa ana iya ganin owl suna kama jemagu yayin jirgin. Ba za su iya zama ba a sani ba, kuma lokacin da dawakan da ke tashiwa suka tashi, ana cinye su ba tare da wani gargaɗi ba.
Babban masu farautar karnukan tashi sama:
- mujiya;
- shaho;
- macizai;
- gizo-gizo;
- mink;
- kyankyaso
Macizai macuta ne na dawakai da ke cinye 'ya'yan itace. Macizai suna iya haɗuwa cikin sauƙi tare da bishiyoyi da tsire-tsire inda irin waɗannan fruitsa fruitsan itace ke girma. Wadannan macizan suna iya kaiwa girman su daga kanana zuwa manya-manya. Sun zama babbar matsala a cikin yanayi mai dumi. A wuraren da ake gina Foxen tashi, yawanci akwai matsaloli da yawa game da bayyanar macizai.
A wasu wurare, an gano raccoons da weasels a matsayin masu farautar dawakai masu tashi. Sau da yawa suna ɓoyewa a cikin inda dawakai masu tashi suke kwana. Suna jiran su lokacin shiga ko barin wannan wurin. Gizo-gizo da ake kira tarantulas kuma na iya kashe ƙananan jinsunan dawakai masu tashi. Hakanan an gano minks a matsayin masu farautar dawakai masu tashi a wasu wurare.
A wasu yankuna inda dawakai masu tashi sama ke zaune a bishiyoyi, akwai rahotanni da ke cewa kuliyoyin gida sun kama su. Galibi ba sa cinye dawakai masu tashi, amma suna iya kashe su har ma suyi wasa da su. A zahiri, mutane da yawa sun gano cewa suna da dawakai masu tashi sama bayan kyanwarsu ta kawo su gida ko kuma aka hango su suna wasa da ɗaya a waje.
Babban mai farautar dawakai masu tashi sama shine mutane. Yawancin mutane suna jin tsoron su kuma suna ɗaukar su da haɗari. Gaskiyar cewa mulkin mallaka na dawakai masu tashi da sauri na iya girma cikin sauri wani dalili ne na damuwa. Hadarin yada kowace cuta daga jemagu shima yana damun mutane. Suna jin labarin cutar kumburi da sauran matsalolin lafiya. Mutane kuma suna damuwa game da illar fitsarin fox da najasa, don haka galibi sukan kafa tarko don dawakai masu tashi.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Yaya fox mai kama yake?
Akwai nau'ikan karnukan tashi sama 65 a duniya, kuma kusan rabin su suna cikin hatsari. Karnukan yawo suna fuskantar barazana a cikin asarar muhalli da farautar farautar naman su ko farautar wasanni. Wannan yanayin ba shi da kyau ga tsarin tsibirin kuma, a ƙarshe, ga mutanen da ke zaune a can. Yawancin masu shuka 'ya'yan itace kuma sun yi imani cewa dawakan tashi ba su da kyau saboda dabbobi masu shayarwa suna cin' ya'yansu; Saboda haka, gwamnatoci da yawa sun amince da kisan gillar da ake wa dawakai. A cikin 2015 da 2016, a tsibirin Mauritius na Tekun Indiya, gwamnati ta kashe sama da dawakai 40,000 da ke tashi a wani kamfen din kisan gilla, kodayake ana daukar 'yan asalin kasar, Pteropus niger a matsayin mai saukin bacewa.
A bayan gari, masu ci gaba suna cire shuke-shuke da ke yawo da karnukan da ake ciyarwa yayin da ake karkatar da yankunan karkara zuwa filayen noma da filayen gidaje, ko kuma rage ƙanana da itacen itace. Idan aka ci gaba da kawar da cutar, yawan jama'a zai kasance yana da karancin zabin abinci, wanda ke maida lalata mazaunin babbar barazana ga jinsi.
Dumamar yanayi na matsa lamba ga yawan karnin da ke tashi. A cikin kwanaki masu tsananin zafi, dawakai masu tashi sama na iya mutuwa daga tsananin zafin rana, yanayin da suke ishara ta hanyar dunkulewa tare da yin tafiya a hankali tare da bishiyun cikin madaidaicin taro. Idan akwai zafin rana a lokacin bazara kuma har yanzu yara suna dogaro kacokan kan iyayensu mata, zai iya kashe zuriya kusan shekara guda.
Shirin Kulawa da Kasa na Grey-gangarawa Flying Fox a Ostiraliya ya fara ne a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu 2013 kuma ana gudanar da shi duk bayan watanni uku. Wannan shi ne kidaya mafi girma na dawakai masu fuka-fuka masu duwatsu da aka taba gudanarwa a fadin kasar na wani jinsi. Manufar kidayar ita ce samar da sahihan bayanai na yawan karnukan da ke tashi a shekarar 2013 da kuma bin diddigin yanayin yawan mutanen a nan gaba.
Yawo Fox Guard
Photo: Yawo fox daga littafin Red
Wasu nau'ikan karnukan tashi sama, misali, Mariana, katuwar, Mauritian, Comorian tashiwa, suna cikin Red Book. Halin da ake ciki na karnukan tsuntsayen da ke yawo a duk duniya suna buƙatar tasiri, dabarun kiyayewa bisa tushen kimiyya don hana ƙarin ɓarkewar halittu da ayyukan jinsin.
Don taimakawa dawakai masu tashi, zaku iya dasa bishiyoyin abinci a bayan gidan domin su. Ta hanyar yin wannan, zaku jawo hankalin waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa zuwa lambun ku har tsawon makonni huɗu yayin ciyarwa akan furanni ko fruitsa fruitsan itacen. Itatuwan da Foxan da ke yawo ke cin abinci sun hada da furannin furanni, bankin banki, da nau'ikan eucalyptus daban-daban a cikin furanni. Kare bishiyoyin 'ya'yan itacenka ba tare da cutar laifofi masu tashi ba.Kada ku yi ƙoƙari ku kare itacen 'ya'yan itacen daga dawakai masu tashi ta hanyar jefa raga a ciki. Daruruwan dawakai masu tashi sama da sauran dabbobin asalin suna rauni ko kashe kowace shekara ta hanyar cusa kansu cikin sarkakkiyar raga. Madadin haka, haɗa net ɗin zuwa wata ma'ana da aka gina shi kuma ja shi kamar abin hawa. A madadin, zaku iya jefa mayafin inuwa akan bishiyar 'ya'yan itacen.
Kada a taɓa amfani da kayan raga na sirrin nailan waɗanda zasu iya cutar da tsuntsaye da sauran dabbobi, da kuma dawakai masu tashi sama, amma yi amfani da raga mai ƙarfi tare da ramuka 40 mm ko ƙasa da haka. Tabbatar cewa raga gidan fari ne, ba kore bane, don dabbobi su gani kuma su guji. Duk wani Fox mai tashi sama wanda aka samu shi kadai a rana zai iya zama cikin matsala. Tana iya ji rauni, rashin lafiya, ko marayu. Bugu da kari, dawakannin da ke yawo cikin matsala tsakanin karshen watan Satumba zuwa Janairu na iya zama mata kuma suna da cuba cuba. Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci ayi aiki da zaran ka hango dabba.
Kada ku taɓa dabbar da kanku, domin yana buƙatar horo da ƙwarewa don magance rauni mai rauni. Idan dabbar tana ƙasa, zaku iya rufe shi da kwali don ƙuntata motsi yayin jiran mai isowa ya iso. Kada dabbar da ke rataye ƙasa ta dame kuma duk dabbobin gida da / ko yara a kiyaye su har sai an sami nasarar tserar da kuran da ke tashi sama.
Yawo fox wani nau'in kare ne kuma, idan aka barshi shi kaɗai, ba shi da haɗari ga mutane kuma da wuya ya lalata lambun ka. Kusan rabin nau'in foaxan flyinga fruitan dake yawo a halin yanzu suna cikin haɗari. Karnukan da ke tashi suna fuskantar barazana iri-iri, ciki har da sare dazuzzuka da nau'ikan cutarwa, amma babba shi ne farautar mutane.
Ranar bugawa: 04.08.2019 shekara
Ranar sabuntawa: 09/28/2019 da 21:29
