Demoiselle crane Shine mafi ƙarancin nau'in kwalliya. Wannan tsuntsu galibi ana ambatarsa a cikin adabi da waƙoƙin Arewacin Indiya da Pakistan. Kyakkyawan bayyanarta ya haifar da kwatancen da yawa tsakanin kyawawan mata da wannan ƙirar. Kan Craoiselle Crane an rufe shi da fuka-fukai kuma ba shi da tsiraici, jan faci na fata waɗanda ake da su a sauran ƙwayoyi.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Demoiselle crane
Demoiselle Cranes tsuntsayen ƙaura ne waɗanda ke yin kiwo a Tsakiyar Turai da Asiya, kuma lokacin hunturu galibi a Arewacin Afirka, Indiya da Pakistan. Tsuntsaye ne na busassun wuraren kiwo (waɗanda suka haɗa da yankin steppe da savannah), amma suna cikin isar ruwa.
Demoiselles suna taruwa cikin manyan garken dabbobi domin yin ƙaura. Sun bar wuraren kiwo na arewa a farkon kaka kuma sun dawo cikin bazara. Dabbobin suna kiyaye manyan garken tumaki yayin sanyi, amma suna watsuwa da nuna halin yanki lokacin da suke gida a lokacin rani. Hijira na kayan kwalliyar Demoiselle na da tsayi da wahala cewa mutane da yawa suna mutuwa saboda yunwa ko gajiya.
Bidiyo: Demoiselle Crane
A ƙa'ida, Demoiselle Cranes sun fi son yin ƙaura a ƙananan tsaunuka, amma wasu mutane sun kai tsayi na kilomita 4 zuwa 8, suna yin ƙaura ta hanyoyin dutsen Himalaya zuwa filayen hunturu a Indiya. Ana iya samun waɗannan kwanukan tare da cranes na Eurasia a cikin yankuna na hunturu, kodayake a cikin waɗannan manyan cibiyoyin suna tallafawa ƙungiyoyin zamantakewar daban.
A cikin watannin Maris da Afrilu, Keken Demoiselle yakan tashi zuwa arewa zuwa wuraren da yake gidajen. Garken a lokacin wannan ƙaura ta dawowa daga tsuntsaye huɗu zuwa goma. Haka kuma, a duk tsawon lokacin kiwo, waɗannan kwanukan suna ciyarwa tare da mutane har bakwai.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Yaya Craoiselle Crane take
Tsawon ƙwanƙolin Demoiselle kusan 90 cm, nauyi - 2-3 kilogiram. Wuyan tsuntsun da kai yawanci baƙi ne, kuma dogayen gashin tsuntsaye masu fararen fuka-fuka suna bayyane a bayan idanu. Muryar su tana kama da amo, wanda ya fi muryar katako mara daɗi kuma ya fi kyau. Babu dimphism na jima'i (bambanci tsakanin maza da mata), amma maza sun fi mata girma kaɗan. Birdsananan tsuntsaye launin toka-toka ne tare da farin kai. Tufts na fuka-fukai a bayan idanu suna da launin toka kuma suna da tsayi kaɗan.
Ba kamar sauran kwanuka ba, kwanukan demoiselle basu cika dacewa da fadama ba kuma sun gwammace su zauna a wuraren da ciyawar ciyawa ba ta da yawa: a cikin savannas, steppes da semi-sahara a tsawan da ya kai mita 3000. wasu yankuna kusa da ruwa: magudanan ruwa, koguna, kananan tabkuna ko filayen ƙasa. An tsara wannan jinsin a cikin Littafin Ja.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Kwancen Demoiselle suna zaune a cikin gidan zoo don aƙalla shekaru 27, kodayake wasu tsuntsayen suna rayuwa shekaru 60 ko ma sun fi haka (aƙalla an yi rijistar aƙalla mutane uku). Ba a san tsawon rayuwar jinsin a cikin daji ba, amma tabbas ya fi gajarta.
Demoiselle Crane tana da gashin kai mai gashin kai kuma ba shi da jan faci na fatar fatar da ta shahara sosai a cikin wasu nau'ikan Cranes. Babban mutum yana da launin toka mai launin toka ɗaya. A fuka-fukan akwai fuka-fukai da bakin baki. Kai da wuya suna da baki. Gaban wuya yana nuna fuka-fukan fuka-fuken fata masu tsawo waɗanda suka rataye a kirji.
A kan kai, babban kambi ya yi fari-fari daga goshi zuwa kambi na baya. Farar kunnen farin, karawa daga ido zuwa occiput, wanda aka hada shi da gashin fuka-fuka masu tsawo. Bakin madaidaicin ɗan gajeren gajere ne, launin toka ne a gindi kuma tare da jan jan. Idanun ruwan lemo-ja ne, gwaiwowin baƙi ne. Gajerun yatsun kafa suna bawa tsuntsu damar gudu cikin sauki a busasshiyar kasa.
Gaskiyar wasa: Demoiselle Crane tana yin daskararre, mara motsi, sautin kamshi kamar sautin ƙaho, wanda za'a iya kwaikwaya kamar "krla-krla" ko "krl-krl".
A ina ne Demoiselle Crane yake zama?
Hotuna: Demoiselle crane
Akwai manyan wurare 6 don yawan Demoiselle Crane:
- ana samun raguwar yawan mutane daga 70,000 zuwa 100,000 a gabashin Asiya;
- Asiya ta Tsakiya tana da yawan ci gaba na mutane 100,000;
- Kalmykia shine yanki na uku na gabas tare da mutane 30,000 zuwa 35,000, kuma wannan adadi a halin yanzu ya tabbata;
- a Arewacin Afirka akan tsaunin Atlas, yawan mutane 50 yana raguwa;
- yawan mutanen 500 daga Bahar Maliya kuma yana raguwa;
- Turkiyya tana da kananan kabilu wadanda ke kasa da mutum 100.
Demoiselle crane tana rayuwa a cikin buɗaɗɗun daji kuma galibi tana ziyarci filaye, savannas, steppes da wuraren kiwo iri-iri kusa da ruwa - rafuka, tabkuna ko fadama. Ana iya samun wannan nau'in a cikin hamada da rabin hamada idan akwai ruwa a wurin. Don lokacin sanyi, dabbar tana amfani da wuraren da aka noma a Indiya da wuraren kwana a cikin dausayi kusa. A cikin filayen hunturu a Afirka, yana zaune a cikin savanna mai ƙayayuwa tare da itaciya, ciyawa da wuraren kiwo na kusa.
Demoiselle cranes sune nau'in jinsin duniya wanda aka samo a cikin kewayon wurare masu yawa. Gidajen Demoiselle a cikin tsakiyar Eurasia, daga Black Sea zuwa Mongolia da arewa maso gabashin China. Winters a cikin yankin Indiya da kuma Saharar Afirka. Ana samun Ian keɓe a cikin Turkiyya da Arewacin Afirka (tsaunukan Atlas). Ana ganin wannan tsuntsu har tsawon mita 3000 a Asiya.
Yanzu kun san inda ƙirar Demoiselle take zaune. Bari muga me zai ci.
Menene Demoiselle Crane ke ci?
Photo: Demoiselle crane a cikin jirgin
Demoiselles suna aiki yayin rana. Suna yawanci abincin safe da safe a cikin makiyaya da filayen buɗe ido, sannan su tsaya tare har tsawon yini. Suna cin abinci akan iri, ciyawa, wasu kayan shuka, kwari, tsutsotsi, kadangaru, da sauran kananan dabbobi.
Kwancen Demoiselle suna ciyarwa akan tsire-tsire da abincin dabbobi. Babban abincin ya hada da sassan tsire-tsire, hatsi, kirki, ɗanɗano. Demoiselle Crane yana samun abinci a hankali, yana ciyarwa galibi akan abincin shuke-shuke, amma kuma yana ciyar da ƙwari a lokacin bazara, da tsutsotsi, ƙadangare da ƙananan ƙwayoyi.
A lokacin ƙaura, manyan garken suna tsayawa a wuraren da aka noma, kamar filayen hunturu a Indiya, inda za su iya lalata amfanin gona. Don haka, cranes na belladonna suna da komai, suna cinye ɗumbin kayan shuka duk shekara kuma suna ciyar da abincin su tare da wasu dabbobi.
Za a iya yin la'akari da kwanukan Demoiselle kamar:
- masu cin nama;
- dabbobin kwari;
- masu cin kifin kifin kifi;
- dabbobin dawa;
- masu cin amfanin gona mai amfani.
Musamman musamman, abincin su ya hada da: tsaba, ganye, itacen ɓaure, kwayoyi, 'ya'yan itace,' ya'yan itatuwa, ɓarnar hatsi, ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsuntsaye, ƙwari, tsutsotsi, katantanwa, ciyawar, ƙwaro, macizai, ƙadangare, da beraye.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Demoiselle crane a Rasha
Kwancen Demoiselle na iya zama shi kaɗai ne da kuma zaman jama'a. Baya ga manyan ayyukan ci, barci, tafiya, da sauransu, su kaɗai ne a cikin yin aswaki, girgiza jiki, wanka, yin ƙwanƙwasawa, baje kolin jiki, ƙaiƙayi da rina fuka-fuka. Suna aiki a rana yayin ciyarwa, ciyarwa, gida da kula da yara lokacin da lokacin kiwo ya zo. A lokacin rashin kiwo, suna sadarwa a cikin garken shanu.
Da daddare, Demoiselle Cranes abin dogaro ne akan ƙafa ɗaya, kuma kan su da wuyan su a ɓoye suke ko a kafaɗar. Wadannan kwanuka sune tsuntsayen masu yin ƙaura waɗanda ke yin tafiya mai nisa daga filayen kiwo zuwa filayen hunturu. Daga watan Agusta zuwa Satumba, suna taruwa a garken mutane 400, sannan su yi ƙaura don hunturu. A watannin Maris da Afrilu, suna tashi daga arewa zuwa wuraren da suke zama. Garken da ke dawo da lambobi 4 zuwa 10 ne kawai tsuntsayen. A lokacin kiwo, suna ciyar tare tare da wasu mutum bakwai.
Kamar kowane nau'i na kwalliya, ƙirar Demoiselle tana yin al'ada da kyawawan wasanni, duka a cikin soyayya da kuma cikin zamantakewar jama'a. Waɗannan wasannin kwaikwayon ko raye-rayen sun ƙunshi haɗakar ƙungiyoyi, tsalle-tsalle, gudu, da jefa sassan tsirrai zuwa sama. Rawannin Demoiselle crane yakan zama mai kuzari fiye da manyan halittu kuma an bayyana su da “mafi-kama da ballet,” tare da ƙarin wasan kwaikwayo.
Motar Demoiselle ta yi ƙaura tare da yin tafiya a cikin tsaunukan tsaunuka na Himalayas, yayin da sauran alƙaluma ke ratsa hamadar Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka don isa filayensu na hunturu. 'Sananan jama'ar Turkiya da alama basu da aiki a cikin iyakokin ta. Da farko, garken ƙaura na iya ƙunsar sama da tsuntsaye 400, amma lokacin da suka isa yankunan hunturu, sai su tara cikin manyan garken mutane dubu da yawa.
Keken Demoiselle, kamar sauran tsuntsayen, dole ne ya fara gudu a kasa don samun sauri da tashi. Tana tashi tare da zurfin, bugun fuka-fukai masu karfi kuma tana tashi sama bayan ta kusanto da kafafu masu kauri, fuka-fukai suna yadawa da jela. Yayin da yake yin ƙaura a kan manyan duwatsu, zai iya tashi a tsawan mita 5,000 zuwa 8,000.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Demoiselle crane chick
Lokacin kiwo yana faruwa a cikin Afrilu-Mayu har zuwa ƙarshen Yuni a cikin sassan arewacin kewayon. Gidajen Demoiselle na kankara a kan busasshiyar ƙasa, a kan tsakuwa, a cikin ciyawa a buɗe ko a wuraren da aka kula da su. Ma'auratan sun zama masu rikici da yanki, kuma suna kare yankunansu wuraren zama. Suna iya jan hankalin masu farauta daga cikin gida da wani nau'in "karyayyen fukafukai".
Mace na yin ƙwai biyu a lokaci guda a ƙasa. Wasu ƙananan duwatsu ko ciyayi wasu lokuta manya ke tattara su don sake kamanni da kariya, amma gida yakan zama mafi ƙarancin tsari. Shiryawa yana ɗaukar kimanin kwanaki 27-29, waɗanda aka raba tsakanin manya. Kajin Downy suna da launin toka mai launin shuɗi mai launin fari da fari a ƙasa.
Iyayen biyu suna ciyar dasu kuma ba da daɗewa ba zasu bi manya bayan ƙyanƙyashe zuwa wuraren neman abincin da ke kusa. Sun fara tashi kimanin kwana 55 zuwa 65 bayan ƙyanƙyashewa, gajeren lokaci kaɗan ga manyan tsuntsaye. Bayan watanni 10, sun zama masu zaman kansu kuma suna iya fara haifuwa tun shekaru 4-8. Yawancin lokaci Demoiselle Cranes na iya haifuwa sau ɗaya kowace shekara biyu.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Demoiselle Cranes suna da mata daya, ma'auratan suna tare da su duk tsawon rayuwarsu.
Tsuntsaye suna daukar kimanin wata guda suna samun nauyi don shirya don ƙaurarsu ta kaka. Matasan Demoiselle Cranes suna tare da iyayensu yayin ƙaura ta kaka kuma suna tare da su har zuwa lokacin hunturu na farko.
A cikin fursuna, tsawon rayuwar Demoiselle Cranes aƙalla shekaru 27, kodayake akwai shaidar takamaiman kwanya waɗanda suka rayu fiye da shekaru 67. Ba a san tsawon rayuwar tsuntsayen a cikin daji ba. Tunda rayuwa a cikin halitta ta fi haɗari, ana ɗauka cewa rayuwar katako ta fi ta waɗanda ke cikin fursuna gajarta.
Abokan gaba na ƙirar Demoiselle
Hotuna: Demoiselle crane
Mafi ƙanƙanta daga cikin ɗakuna, Demoiselle Cranes sun fi fuskantar haɗari ga masu farauta fiye da sauran nau'in. Ana kuma farautar su a wasu sassan duniya. A wuraren da suke lalata amfanin gona, ana iya kallon kwalliya a matsayin kwari kuma mutane zasu iya harbawa ko kuma sanya musu guba.
Ba a san komai game da masu cin abincin Demoiselle Cranes. Akwai karancin bayanai game da makiya na wannan nau'in banda wadancan nau'ikan wadanda ke barazana ga yankin kiwon wadannan kwanukan.
Daga cikin sanannun mafarauta na Demoiselle Cranes akwai:
- m;
- karnukan gida;
- dawakai.
Kwancen Demoiselle sune masu tsaron gida daga gidajen su, suna da ikon kai hari kan mikiya da 'yan iska, suna iya bin dawakai da karnuka. Hakanan ana iya ɗaukar mutane mai farauta saboda duk da cewa farautar wannan nau'in ba bisa ƙa'ida ba ne, ana yin keɓaɓɓu a yankunan da ke fama da talauci.
Gaskiya mai Nishaɗi: Kwancen Demoiselle suna da hanyoyin sadarwa da yawa waɗanda ke taimaka musu kare kansu daga masu farauta, kamar maganganu daban-daban na tsoratarwa, sautin murya, hangen nesa, canje-canje na baki da ƙafafu don ciyarwa da gudanar da aiki sosai, da launin launin toka mai launin toka na manya da qwai, kore-rawaya tare da launuka masu lavender, wanda ke taimakawa yadda yakamata don ɓoyewa daga abokan gaba.
Abubuwan da ke da amfani da abubuwa da dama, da Demoiselle Cranes suna hulɗa da wasu nau'o'in. Bugu da kari, wadannan kujeru suna karbar bakuncin kwayoyin cututtukan nematodes daban-daban, kamar su tracheal red worm ko roundworm, waxanda suke cutarwa ta hanji. Coccidia wani irin kwayar cutar ce da ke addabar hanji da sauran kayan ciki na tsuntsu, kamar zuciya, hanta, koda da huhu.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Yaya Craoiselle Crane take
Yawan mutanen wadannan kwanuka a halin yanzu ba su cikin haɗari. Koyaya, a wasu yankunansu, ana ɗaukar su a matsayin kwari na amfanin gona, saboda suna lalata amfanin gona kuma saboda wannan dalili ana iya sanya guba ko kashe shi. An riga an shirya shirye-shiryen kariya da yawa a wasu ƙasashe don tsara farauta da kare tsuntsaye da mazauninta.
Hakanan ana fuskantar barazana ta magudanan ruwa na dausayi da asarar muhalli, kuma suna fama da matsi na farauta. Wasu ana kashe su don wasa ko don abinci, kuma akwai fataucin dabbobi ba bisa ka'ida ba a Pakistan da Afghanistan. Lalacewar wuraren zama yana faruwa a cikin tsaunuka a cikin dukkanin kewayon, haka kuma a wuraren hunturu da kuma hanyoyin ƙaura.
Don haka, ana iya gano barazanar da ke zuwa wacce ke shafar yawan ƙirar ƙugu ta Demoiselle:
- canji na makiyaya;
- canje-canje a amfani da ƙasar noma;
- shan ruwa;
- fadada birane da ci gaban ƙasa;
- gandun daji;
- canje-canje a cikin ciyayi;
- gurbatar yanayi;
- karo da layin amfani;
- yawan kamun kifi na mutum;
- farauta;
- tarkon rayuwa don kasuwancin gida da kasuwanci;
- guba.
Adadin Demoiselle Cranes kusan mutane 230,000-261,000. A halin yanzu, a cikin Turai yawancin wannan nau'in an kiyasta tsakanin nau'i-nau'i 9,700 da 13,300 (19,400-26,500 manyan mutane). A kasar Sin, akwai kusan nau'i-nau'i daga 100-10,000 na kiwo, wadanda tsuntsaye 50-1,000 suka yi hijira. Gabaɗaya, ana rarraba jinsin a matsayin mafi ƙarancin haɗari, kuma adadinsa yana ƙaruwa a yau.
Kariya na Demoiselle Crane
Hotuna: Demoiselle crane daga littafin Red
Makomar Demoiselle Cranes ta fi karko da aminci fiye da ta sauran nau'in ƙirar. Koyaya, ana ɗaukar matakan rage barazanar da aka lissafa a sama.
Matakan kiyayewa waɗanda suka ci gajiyar waɗannan ɗakunan kwancen har zuwa yanzu sun haɗa da:
- kariya;
- kirkirar wuraren kariya;
- binciken gida da kuma nazarin hanyoyin ƙaura;
- ci gaban shirye-shiryen sa ido;
- samuwar musayar bayanai.
A halin yanzu, ana ci gaba da shirye-shiryen ilimin gwamnati a wuraren kiwo da hijirar Demoiselle Cranes, haka kuma ana ci gaba da shirye-shiryen ilimi na musamman tare da halartar mafarauta a Afghanistan da Pakistan. Waɗannan shirye-shiryen za su ba da damar wayar da kan jama'a game da jinsin kuma da fatan a ƙarshe za su ba da ƙarin goyon baya ga kiyayewar Demoiselle Cranes.
Kwango: Binciken Matsayi da Tsarin Aiki na Kiyaye sun duba matsayin kiyayewar mutane a cikin yankuna shida na yankin inda Demoiselles suke.
Binciken su kamar haka:
- yawan Atlas yana cikin haɗari;
- jama'ar Bahar Black suna cikin hatsari;
- Al'umar Turkiyya na cikin hatsari;
- yawan Kalmykia - ƙananan haɗari;
- Kazakhstan / yawan Asiya ta tsakiya - ƙananan haɗari;
- yawan mutanen gabashin Asiya yana da rauni.
Kulluna gabaɗaya koyaushe suna yin wahayi ga mutane ta hanyar fasaha, almara, almara da kayan tarihi, koyaushe suna haifar da halayen motsin rai mai ƙarfi. Sun kuma mamaye addini kuma sun fito a cikin hotuna, kayan kwalliya, da tukwane. A cikin tsohuwar kabarin Masar Demoiselle crane an nuna shi ta hanyar zane-zane na wancan lokacin sosai.
Ranar bugawa: 08/03/2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 28.09.2019 a 11:50
