Koren itace shine mafi girma daga cikin itace guda ukun da suka yi kiwo a Burtaniya, sauran biyun kuma sune theananan da Lessananan masu itace. Yana da babban jiki, mai ƙarfi kuma gajere. Koren kore ne a saman mai kodadde, croup mai haske mai haske, kuma ja a saman. Ana rarrabe koren bishiyoyi ta iska mai ƙarfi da dariya mai ƙarfi.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Green Woodpecker
Green woodpeckers wani ɓangare ne na dangin "woodpecker" - Picidae, wanda ya ƙunshi bishiyoyi, waɗanda uku ne kawai a cikin Burtaniya (masu katako da manyan ɗigo, masu itace da ƙananan ƙura, koren bishiyoyi).
Bidiyo: Green Woodpecker
Tare da manyan bishiyoyi da algae wadanda ba a bayyane da su, koren itacen bishiyar ya sami nasarar tsallaka gadar da ke tsakanin Burtaniya da kasashen Turai bayan Ice Age na karshe, kafin ruwan ya rufe har abada ya zama Tashar Turanci. Kashi shida cikin goma na katako a Turai sun kasa kuma ba a taɓa ganin su ba a nan.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Dangane da fassarori daban-daban, daga Girkanci da Latin, ma'anar kalmar "koren itacen itace" mai sauƙi ne ƙwarai: pikos yana nufin "woodpecker" kuma viridis na nufin "kore": fassarar kai tsaye da ba ta da sha'awa, amma duk da haka da gaske.
Yana da koren kore, mai haske daga ƙasa, jan kambi da kuma gashin baki, maza suna da jan ciki, yayin da mata suke da komai baƙi. Tsawon itacen koren itacen ya zama santimita 30 zuwa 36 tare da fika-fikan daga 45 zuwa 51 cm. Jirgin yana da kama da igiyar ruwa, tare da bugu da fuka-fuki sau 3-4, sai kuma gajeren gudu yayin da jiki ke riƙe fikafikan.
Tsuntsu ne mai jin kunya wanda yawanci yakan jawo hankali tare da sautinsa mai ƙarfi. Katako yana yin gida a bishiya; Tunda bakin yana da rauni sosai, ana amfani dashi kawai don sanya shi a cikin itace mai laushi. Dabbar tana yin kwai hudu zuwa shida, wadanda ke kyankyashewa bayan kwanaki 19-20.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Koren itacen katako ya fi na itsan uwansa girma. Ita ce itace mafi girma a cikin Burtaniya da ke da tsaka da gajeren jela. Dangane da launi, da farko koren ne, wanda aka nuna a cikin suna, kuma yana da halayyar jan kambi. Wutsiya, ba kamar sauran bishiyoyin itace ba, tana da ɗan gajarta kuma tana da ɗan madaidaiciyar ratsi-ratsi-ratsi a gefen gefen.
Gaskiyar Abin Dadi: Maza da mata masu kore koren bishiyoyi iri daya ne, amma mazan da suka manyanta suna da jan launi a yatsar gashin baki, yayin da mace baliga ba ta da.
Dukkanin shekaru da jinsi suna da launin kore mai haske tare da raƙuman rawaya da ƙyallen ja, amma ƙananan bishiyoyin bishiyoyi suna da launin toka.
Bayyanar koren itacen itace:
- kai: babban jan kambi, tare da baƙar fata launi a kusa da idanu da kodadde koren kunci.
- karfi, dogon baki baki.
- launi na eriyar wannan tsuntsaye ya bambanta jinsi, tunda a cikin maza suna da ja, kuma a mata baƙi ne;
- fuka-fuki: kore;
- jiki: ɓangaren sama na jiki yana da koren kore, ƙananan ɓangaren kuma launin toka ne, kuma guntun ya kasance rawaya.
Kamar sauran bishiyoyi, koren bishiyoyi suna amfani da fikafikan jelarsu masu tauri a matsayin tallafi lokacin da suka manne a bishiya, kuma yatsunsu suna da matsayi na musamman don yatsunsu biyu su nuna gaba da baya biyu.
Ina kore itacen itace yake zama?
Kodayake galibi suna zaune ne, a hankali bishiyoyin bishiyoyi sun faɗaɗa zangonsu a Burtaniya, kuma an fara kiwonsu a Scotland a cikin 1951. Koyaya, har yanzu basu nan daga Ireland da Isle of Man; Tsibirin Wight bai mallake ta ba har zuwa 1910, duk da kasancewar ta fi yawa a kudu, yana ba da shawarar ƙin ƙetara ruwan.
Suna zaune a cikin yanayi mai kyau kuma dan kadan a cikin yankuna masu sassauƙa da yankuna na Bahar Rum na yammacin Palaearctic a cikin teku da kuma yanayin nahiyar. Mafi yawan gaske a cikin gandun daji na budewa, kango, lambuna, da gonaki tare da shinge da manyan bishiyoyi warwatse.
Ba kamar yawancin katako ba, yana ciyarwa galibi a ƙasa, gami da ciyawar lambu, inda tururuwa ke hudawa da motsawa tare da tafiya mai ban mamaki, shuffling. Matsakaici babba cikin girma kuma mafi yawancin launuka masu launin kore, yanayin yawancin yankuna; kuma kula da jan kambi, idanu jajur da baƙar fata (maza suna da alamar gashin baki). 'Yan tsuntsaye kaɗan ne a Iberia waɗanda ke da baƙin fuska. Umparfin rawaya mai rawaya ya bayyana galibi a cikin jirgi mai ɗan kaɗan.
Don haka, a cikin Burtaniya, masu sare bishiyoyi suna rayuwa duk shekara kuma ana iya lura da su a mafi yawan ɓangarorinta, ban da waɗancan tsattsauran yankin na Arewacin Scotland, tsibirai da ko'ina cikin Arewacin Ireland. Mazaunin koren itace ya fi son bude gandun daji, lambuna, ko manyan wuraren shakatawa. Suna neman haɗin bishiyoyi masu dacewa don gida da filin buɗe ido. Bude ƙasa, an rufe ta da gajeren ciyawa da ciyayi, shine mafi kyawun ciyar dasu.
Yanzu kun san inda koren itace yake zaune. Bari muga me zai ci.
Menene koren icen itace yake ci?
Idan kun kasance masu sa'a kuma koren bishiyoyi sun ziyarci lambun ku, to tabbas kuna iya ganin su akan lawn ku. Wannan saboda abincin ɗanyen itace ne wanda ya ƙunshi tururuwa - manya, tsutsa, da ƙwai.
A lokacin hunturu, idan tururuwa ta zama da wahalar samu, zasu ci wadannan:
- wasu invertebrates;
- 'ya'yan itacen Pine;
- 'ya'yan itace.
Gaskiya mai nishadi: Tunda babban abin farautar bishiyar kore itace tururuwa, tana bata lokaci mai yawa tana neman ganima a kasa kuma ana iya ganinta a yanayin fasalin ta.
Masu sare koren bishiyoyi suna haɗama da tururuwa. A zahiri, suna ɓatar da irin wannan adadin na ban mamaki a duniya don neman abincin da suka fi so wanda sau da yawa zaka same su a wuraren shakatawa da ciyawar lambu - gajeren ciyawa yana ba da wuraren da za a ciyar da bishiyoyi masu kore. Suna kuma son cin caterpillars da beetles kuma suna da tsayayyen "tsayayyen harshe" wanda yake dacewa da cire kwari daga ɓarkewar dutsen da tsoffin bishiyoyi masu ruɓewa.
Don haka, yayin da ɗan koren itace ke son cin tururuwa, hakanan zai iya cin sauran ƙwayoyin berayen da ba kasafai ake samunsu a mazauninsu ko a gonar ba, tare da 'ya'yan itacen pine da wasu' ya'yan itace. Waɗannan sauran nau'ikan abinci zasu zama koma baya a lokutan da tururuwa ke da wahalar samu.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Green Woodpecker
Green woodpeckers suna rayuwa a cikin bishiyoyi, kamar yawancin tsuntsaye. Suna tona ramuka a jikin bishiyun da aka samo a cikin manyan dazuzzuka. Bakunan su ba su da ƙarfi fiye da na waɗancan bishiyoyin, kamar su babban icen itacen daji, don haka sun fi son kututtukan itacen lokacin da suke gida kuma da wuya su buga ganga don sadarwa. Green woodpeckers kuma suna son haƙa gidajen kansu, aikin da yake ɗaukar sati biyu zuwa hudu.
Green woodpeckers suna da babbar murya kuma suna da wata babbar murya wacce za'a iya ganewa wacce ake kira "yuffle", wanda sau da yawa ita ce hanya daya tilo da za'a iya sanin ko ɗan bishiyar koren yana nan kusa, kasancewar sun zama kamar tsuntsaye masu taka-tsantsan. Wannan shi ne mafi sautin sauti wanda koren bishiyoyi ke yi, amma kuma zaka iya jin wakarsu, wacce jerin sautunan ‘klu’ ne da ke hanzari.
Gaskiya mai Nishadi: Rainbird wani suna ne na koren itace, kamar yadda ake jin tsuntsaye suna rera waƙa fiye da tsammanin ruwan sama.
Daga cikin bishiyoyi ukun a Burtaniya, ɗan koren bishiyoyi yana ciyar da mafi ƙarancin lokaci a cikin bishiyoyi, kuma galibi ana ganinsa yana ciyarwa a ƙasa. Anan zai iya tono tururuwa, abincin da ya fi so. Yana cin manya da ƙwai, yana kama su da harshensa mai tsayi mai tsini.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Bird Green Woodpecker
Kodayake koren bishiyoyin kore na iya yin aure sau ɗaya a tsawon rayuwarsu, suna da rashin daidaituwa a wajen lokacin kiwo kuma suna cinye yawancin shekara suna zaune su kaɗai. Rabin ma'aurata biyu na iya kasancewa kusa da juna a lokacin hunturu, amma ba za su sake haɗawa da juna ba har sai Maris. Ana cika wannan ta hanyar amfani da kira mai ƙarfi da kuma lokacin zawarci.
Green woodpeckers sun fi son yin sheƙu a cikin ramuka na tsohuwar bishiyun itaciya (itacen oak, beech da Willow), waɗanda suke kusa da filayen neman abinci tare da ni'ima kamar su tururuwa da kwari. Green woodpeckers yawanci suna guduma da cire kayan ciki a kusa da ruɓaɓɓen akwati 60mm x 75mm, wanda aka haƙa ciki zuwa zurfin 400mm. Wani abin sha'awa, wahalar aikin tono mutum ne kawai ke aiwatar dashi tsawon lokaci na kwanaki 15-30. Wannan hanyar aiki mai wuyar shaƙatawa galibi tana da darajar ƙoƙari, kamar yadda ramin da aka ƙirƙira ta hannun bishiyar koren itace zai iya ɗaukar shekaru 10.
Wannan tsuntsu bashi da mutunci sosai kuma yana rayuwa shi kadai, banda lokacin kiwo. Yayin saduwa, namiji yana bin mace a jikin bishiyar. Samun matsayi na kariya, namiji yana girgiza kansa daga gefe zuwa gefe, yana daidaita ƙwanƙolin da kuma shimfida fikafikansa da jelarsa. Ba kamar sauran masu sana'ar itace ba, kawai ana bugawa ne a lokacin bazara.
Daga mahangar kiwo, bishiyoyin koren bishiyoyi suna fara kiwo a ƙarshen watan Afrilu kuma suna samar da matsakaita na kama 2 a kowace kakar. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan kama yana samar da ƙwai 4 zuwa 9, kuma lokacin shiryawa, wanda ya ɗauki kimanin kwanaki 19, sannan a kammala shi da gashin tsuntsu na kimanin kwanaki 25. Green woodpeckers suna da tsintsiya ɗaya kawai na ƙwai biyar zuwa bakwai kuma galibi suna kwanciya su a watan Mayu. Yawancin lokaci suna gida a cikin bishiyoyi masu rai kuma galibi suna amfani da itace ɗaya kowace shekara, idan ba rami ɗaya ba.
Lokacin da aka gudu, kowane mahaifa yakan dauki rabin yaran - lamarin da ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a tsuntsaye - kuma ya nuna musu inda zasu ciyar. A wannan lokacin ne na shekara za'a iya kawo su ciyawar lambu don ciyarwa, wanda babbar dama ce ta goge ƙwarewar gane ku.
Abokan gaba na koren bishiyoyi
Hoto: Yaya ɗan itacen katako yake kama
Abokan gaba na koren bishiyoyi sune masu cin gida kamar maciji, ko kuraje ko wasu tsuntsaye, suna cin ƙwai da samari korayen itace. A cikin girma, bishiyoyin bishiyoyi ganima ne ga kuliyoyin daji, dabbobin madara saffron, fox, hawks da, hakika, coyotes. Idan korayen bishiyoyi basu da masu farauta, yawan su zai mamaye mu. Suna cikin haɗari tun daga farkon rayuwarsu.
Koren itacen katako sananne ne ga yawan jama'arta. Yin sare dazuzzuka da canje-canje a mazaunin suna yin barazanar wanzuwarsa, amma, wannan nau'in ba ya fuskantar barazana a duk duniya a halin yanzu. Green woodpeckers sun haɓaka cikin sauri a cikin wuraren zama, amma kuma suna ƙaruwa a ƙauyukan ƙauyuka da wuraren noma masu haɗuwa. A cikin mazauninsu da suka fi so - dazuzzuka masu tsiro-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire sun ragu, lambar ta kai matuka, wanda hakan ya haifar musu da ambaliyar zuwa wani wurin da ba a fi son shi ba.
Yawan 'yan koren bishiyoyi a cikin Burtaniya ya karu a hankali tun daga shekarun 1960, lokacin da suka faɗaɗa zangonsu a tsakiya da gabashin Scotland. Hakanan kwanan nan sun fadada yawan su zuwa Ingila, amma ba Wales ba. Dalilin wannan ƙaruwar shine canjin yanayi, tunda waɗannan katako suna iya kamuwa da yanayin sanyi. Don haka, babban barazanar da ake yiwa katako itace korewar muhallin gandun daji da canje-canje a cikin aikin gona: makiyaya ana yin shuka a kowace shekara, kuma ana samun ɓarkewar mulkin mallaka ko ba a halicce su ba.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Katako mai koren kore
Yawan masu itace a yanzu a cikin Burtaniya, a cewar RSPB, yana da ɗan daidaita a haɗe-haɗe iri-iri 52,000, kodayake yanzu akwai sanannen yanayin raguwar yawan jama'a, saboda wani ɓangare na asarar daji da heathland. Halin Halitta - Tsuntsayen da ake kiwo sosai a Leicestershire da Rutland. Ana iya samun ɗan koren itace a mafi yawan Birtaniyya, ban da arewa mai nisa. Hakanan baya nan a Arewacin Ireland.
Wannan nau'ikan yana da babban zangon da yake da kimar rarrabawar duniya kimanin 1,000,000 - 10,000,000 km². Yawan mutanen Duniya kusan 920,000 - 2,900,000 mutane. Ba a kirga yawan al'umman duniya ba, amma yawan jama'a ya nuna tsayayyu ne, don haka ba a la'akari da nau'ikan da za su shiga bakin kofa don yawan ragin yawan mutane a kan Lissafin IUCN (watau raguwar fiye da 30% a cikin shekaru goma ko tsara uku). Saboda wadannan dalilan, ana sanya jinsin a matsayin mafi karancin hadari.
Irƙirar yankuna na gajere da dogon ciyawa suna ba da mazaunin mahaɗa ga kowane irin halitta. Hakanan zai iya zama da amfani ga koren itacen itace, wanda ke ciyar da ƙasa, yana ba shi wuri don ɓoyewa da farautar abin farautarta. Ko kuna zaune a cikin birni ko ƙasa, zaku iya taimakawa kula da koren bishiyoyi da sauran tsuntsayen lambun ta hanyar samar da abinci da ruwa.
Koren itace fasali haɗi mai ban mamaki na kore da rawaya mai launin rawaya, jan kambi, gashin baki baƙi da kodadde, kallo. Idan har zaka iya kallon wannan halittar mai jin kunya, tabbas zaka sha mamaki. Kuma idan ya ganka ya tashi sama, saurari wannan dariyar da ke kara daga nesa.
Ranar bugawa: 08/01/2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 07/05/2020 da karfe 11:15
