Shrimp suna daya daga cikin lafiyayyun abinci. Ana samun waɗannan ɓawon burodi a ko'ina cikin tekuna da tekuna, har ma ana iya samunsu a cikin ruwa mai tsafta. Ana tsinkayar tsinkaye na musamman, da farko, a matsayin abinci mai gina jiki, mai haɗawa a cikin jita-jita iri-iri, amma shrimp ɗin kansu baƙon abu ne kuma har ma ma'abota ban mamaki na duniyar karkashin ruwa, tare da tsarin jiki na musamman. Yawancin magoya bayan ruwa a cikin ruwa mai zafi suna da damar bin ɗabi'unsu - idan ka matsar da algae, to shrimp suna tsalle kamar ciyawar ciyawa daga ciyawar yau da kullun.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Shrimp
Shrimp shine ɓawon burodi daga tsari na decapod, akwai jinsi 250 kuma sama da nau'in 2000 na waɗannan halittu daban-daban. Decapod shrimps sune mafi girman ɓawon burodi, ba kamar sauran waɗanda suke da yawa ba, tsoffin zuciyarsu yana da tsarin haɗuwa. Kamar kowane yanki, suna cikin masarautar dabbobi, suna da kifin da yake killace ci gaban jiki kuma saboda haka dole ne dabbar ta zubar dashi lokaci-lokaci - ta narkewar jiki.
Bidiyo: Shrimp
Akwai nau'o'in jatan lande guda ɗari, waɗanda batun batun kamun kifi ne, wasu ana shuka su a gonakin shrimp na musamman, akwai nau'ikan da yawa waɗanda aka samu nasarar kiyaye su koda a cikin akwatin ruwa na gida. Ga yawancin jinsuna na waɗannan ɓawon burodi na fata, sifa ce ta haifa - a yayin rayuwarsu suna iya canza jima'i. Wannan sabon abu mai ban mamaki na bayyanar daban na halayen jima'i a cikin halittun hermaphrodite yana da wuya.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Naman naman gwari yana da wadata musamman a furotin kuma yana da alli, amma yana da ƙarancin kuzari, duk da haka, an haramta shrimp, kamar sauran kayan kwalliyar da ke rayuwa a cikin teku, a cikin addinin Yahudanci. Akwai sabani game da halaccin wadannan mashuhunan a Musulunci.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hoto: Yaya shrimp yayi kama
Launi da girmar shrimp din ya dogara da nau'ikansa, amma a cikin duk waɗannan ɓawon burodi, ana rufe bayan jiki da ci gaba mai ƙarfi na chitin, wanda suke canzawa yayin da suke girma. Mollusk yana da jiki mai tsayi, an daidaita shi a tarnaƙi, wanda zai raba cikin ciki, cephalothorax. Cephalothorax, bi da bi, yana da fitowar da ba a saba da ita ba - rostrum, wanda a kan sa za a ga hakora masu siffofi iri-iri dangane da nau'in ɓawon burodi. Launi na jatan lande na iya zama daga launin toka-kore zuwa ruwan hoda har ma da shuɗi, tare da ratsi na halayya, aibobi, girman sa daga santimita 2 zuwa 30. Idanuwan shrimp suna hade da adadi mai yawa na fuskoki; lambar su tana ƙaruwa tare da shekaru. Ganinsu na mosaic ne kuma saboda wannan dalilin ne masu gurnani ke gani da kyau kawai a ɗan tazarar da ta kai kimanin santimita da yawa.
Koyaya, idanuwa suna da alhakin samar da wasu kwayoyin halittar musamman waɗanda ke tsara:
- canji a launi na jiki;
- girma, yawan zafin jiki;
- metabolism, yawan adadin ƙwayoyin calcium;
- tsari na tsarin launi.
Eriya eriya ta gaba ita ce sashen taɓawa. Ciki na jatan lande an sanye shi da ƙafa biyu na kafafu - pleopods, wanda dabbar ke iyo dasu. Mace tana ɗauke da ƙwai a kan ɓaure, tana motsi, suna wankewa kuma suna tsabtace su. Limananan sassan, tare da wutsiya, suna yin fanka mai faɗi. Tanƙwararan ciki, wannan ɓawon burodi yana iya iyo da sauri idan akwai haɗari. Shimpim yana da nau'i biyu na muƙamuƙi na ɓangarorin ɓangaren kafa, tare da taimakonsu yana tattara abinci yana kawowa ga almara, ƙyalli wanda ke yanke shawarar cin shi ko a'a.
Pairafafun kafa biyu na gaba ana juyawa zuwa fika. Suna kare jatan lande, kwace ganima mai yawa. A cikin maza, yawanci sun fi haɓaka. Legsafafun tafiya a kan kirji suna da ban sha'awa saboda ƙafafun hagu da dama daga kowane ɗayan koyaushe suna motsi da kansu da juna. An ɓoye gullun shrimp ɗin ta gefen harsashin kuma an haɗa su da gabobin pectoral. Ana kora ruwa ta cikin ramin gill ta amfani da babban ruwa akan hammata ta baya.
A ina ne shrimp ke rayuwa?
Photo: Shrimp a cikin teku
Shrimp, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin yanayin halittun tekuna da tekuna, sun bazu kusan ko'ina.
Fiye da nau'in 2000 na waɗannan crustaceans za a iya raba su zuwa ƙananan ƙananan masu zuwa:
- ruwa mai kyau - wanda aka samo a cikin Rasha, ruwan Ostiraliya, Kudancin Asiya;
- ruwan shrimp mai ruwan sanyi shine mafi yawan jinsin da ke rayuwa a Arewa, Tekun Baltic, Barents, kusa da gabar Greenland, Kanada;
- dumi-dumi molluscs - a cikin kudancin teku da tekuna;
- brackish - a cikin ruwan gishiri.
Can burodi na Chilean sun zauna tare da duk gabar Kudancin Amurka, ana samun su a cikin Bahar Maliya, Bahar Rum, da kuma shrimp "sarki" - a cikin Tekun Atlantika. Lokacin da aka ƙirƙiri yanayi mai kyau, ana samun nasarar adana wasu nau'in ruwa da ruwan dumi cikin ɗakunan ruwa na gida. Yawancin su an halicce su ne ta hanyar kere-kere, suna da launi daban-daban wanda baya faruwa a yanayi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Sanyin ruwa mai sanyi zai iya haifuwa ne kawai a cikin yanayin su na asali kuma baya bada rance ga noman roba. Crustaceans suna ciyarwa ne kawai akan plankton mai mahalli, wanda ke ƙayyade inganci da ƙimar naman su. Mafi mahimmancin wakilan wannan rukunin ƙasashe sune jan ja da ja mai tsire-tsire, arewacin chillim.
Yanzu kun san inda ake samun jatan lande. Bari mu ga abin da suke ci.
Me shrimp ke ci?
Hoto: Babban jatan lande
Shrimp masu yawo ne, tushen abincinsu kusan duk sauran kwayoyin halitta ne. Bugu da kari, masu son crustaceans suna son cin abinci a kan plankton, ganyen algae mai dadi, na iya farautar kananan kifaye, har ma su hau cikin ragar masunta. Kullun suna neman abinci ta kamshi da tabawa, suna juya eriya eriya a wurare daban daban. Wasu nau'ikan suna tsattsage ƙasa don neman ciyayi, yayin da wasu ke gudu a ƙasa har sai sun ci karo da wasu abinci.
Waɗannan kwalliyar baƙaƙen makafi ne kuma suna iya rarrabe silhouettes na abubuwa nesa da santimita da yawa, don haka ƙamshin ƙamshi ke zama babban goge. Ciyawar shrimp tana faɗakar da ganinta sosai, tana kama shi da ƙafafun kafa na gaba, kuma tana riƙe da shi har sai ya mutu. Jairƙirawar jaws ko mandila a hankali ana nika abinci, wanda zai iya ɗaukar awanni da yawa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Da dare, duk shrimps suna haske, suna zama masu haske, kuma da hasken rana suna yin duhu, kuma kuma da sauri canza launinsu dangane da bango.
Don kifin na akwatin kifaye, ana amfani da tsari na musamman ko kayan lambu na yau da kullun azaman abinci. Babu wani ɗan burodi da zai hana kansa jin daɗin cin ragowar 'yan uwanta ko kowane kifin akwatin kifaye.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Jirgin ruwan teku
Shrimp suna da motsi sosai, amma halittun ɓoye. Kullum suna tafiya tare da ƙasan magudanan ruwa don neman abinci kuma suna iya shawo kan manyan wurare masu yawa, kamar yadda kwalliyar kwalliya suke tawaya akan ganyen tsire-tsire a ƙarƙashin ruwa, suna tattara gawawwaki akansu. A wata 'yar hatsari, masu ɓawon burodi a ɓoye a cikin duwatsu, ƙasa, tsakanin duwatsu. Su masu tsabtace jiki ne kuma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin yanayin halittu na tekuna. Suna kai hari ga danginsu da kyar kuma kawai a yanayin tsananin yunwa in babu wadataccen abincin da aka saba.
Suna yin gwaninta cikin gwaninta saboda tafiya, ƙafafun ninkaya waɗanda ke kan kirji da ciki. Tare da taimakon jela mai tushe, jatan lande suna iya tsallewa da sauri a wata babbar tazara, da sauri suna komawa baya kuma ta haka suna tsoratar da abokan gabansu tare da dannawa. Duk shrimps na kaɗaici ne, amma, duk da haka, ana samun crustaceans galibi a cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi. Wasu nau'ikan suna aiki da dare, yayin da wasu ke farauta kawai a lokutan hasken rana.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Abubuwan al'aura, zuciyar shrimp suna cikin yankin kai. Hakanan yana dauke da sassan fitsari da kayan narkewa. Jinin waɗannan crustaceans galibi launin shuɗi ne mai launi, amma ya zama ba shi da launi lokacin da iskar oxygen ta yi rauni.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Yankatan rawaya
A matsakaita, jatan lande yana rayuwa daga shekara 1.6 zuwa 6, ya danganta da nau'in. Shrimp na bisexual, amma glandar namiji da ta mace tana fitowa ne a lokuta mabanbanta. Na farko, a farkon balaga, ƙaramar shrimp ɗin ta zama namiji kuma a cikin shekara ta uku ta rayuwa ne kawai take canza jima'i zuwa akasin haka.
A lokacin balaga, mace na fara aiwatar da kwayayen kwai kuma a matakin farko suna kama da yawan launin ruwan dorawa-kore. Lokacin da aka shirya tsaf don saduwa, mace tana ɓoye abubuwa na musamman, pheromones, wanda namiji zai same ta. Dukan tsarin rayuwar aure yana ɗaukar minutesan mintoci kaɗan kuma bayan ɗan lokaci ƙwai suka bayyana. Abin sha'awa shine, matan suna ajiye ƙwai mara ƙwai a kan gashin ƙafafun ciki, sa'annan su ɗauki zuriyar tare da su har sai ƙwayoyin sun fito daga ƙwai.
Dogaro da yanayin zafin ruwa, ƙwayoyin suna ci gaba a cikin ƙwai cikin kwanaki 10-30, suna wucewa daga matakai 9 zuwa 12 na amfrayogenesis. Da farko dai, an kafa muƙamuƙi, sannan cephalothorax. Yawancin larvae suna mutuwa yayin ranar farko kuma sun kai ga balaga bai fi kashi 5-10 na ɗayan ɗayan ba. A cikin yanayi na wucin gadi, ƙimar rayuwa ta ninka sau uku. Theananan larva ɗin kansu ba sa yin aiki kuma ba sa iya neman abinci da kansu.
Abokan gaba na jatan lande
Hoto: Yaya shrimp yayi kama
Mafi yawan jatan lande sun mutu a matakin larva. Whale sharks, whales, da sauran dabbobin da yawa suna ciyar da waɗannan ɓoyayyen kullun. Sau da yawa suna farauta ga wasu molluscs, tsuntsayen teku, kifin kifi har ma da dabbobi masu shayarwa. Shrimp ba shi da makami a kan abokan gabansu, suna iya ƙoƙarin tserewa idan akwai haɗari ko ɓoyewa a tsakanin ganyen tsire-tsire, a cikin mawuyacin yanayi, masu ɓawon burodi na iya ƙoƙarin tsoratar da maƙiyinsu kuma, yin amfani da rudaninsa, ya tsere. Shrimps, masu launuka masu kamanni, suna iya yin kwaikwayon launin ƙasa mai yashi, haka nan, idan ya cancanta, da sauri canza launi dangane da yanayin da kuma yanayin yanayin.
Shrimp kuma suna ƙarƙashin kamun kifi na kasuwanci. An kama waɗannan molluscs da yawa a cikin Tekun Atlantika da Bahar Rum. Kowace shekara, ana girbar sama da tan miliyan 3.5 na jatan lande daga ruwan gishiri ta amfani da ƙwanƙwasa ta ƙasa, wanda ke lalata mazaunin crustaceans har zuwa shekaru arba'in.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Babu wani jinsi a ƙarƙashin sunan kimiyya "sarki" shrimp, kamar yadda ake kiran duk manyan jinsunan waɗannan tsararru. Mafi yawan nau'ikan shine baqin damisa mai baƙar fata, wanda zai iya kaiwa 36 cm tsayi kuma yayi nauyi zuwa gram 650.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Red jatan lande
Duk da yawan makiya na halitta, karancin kaso na rayuwar kifayen da kuma kamun kifi, halin jinsin a halin yanzu ya daidaita kuma babu wani fargabar cewa wannan nau'in crustacean zai bace kwata-kwata. Shrimps suna da ingantacciyar haihuwa, suna iya dawo da yawan su da sauri - wannan shine abin da ya tsare su daga halaka gaba ɗaya.
Akwai ka'idar cewa shrimp na iya tsara yawan su da kansu:
- tare da haɓakar da ta wuce kima da fara ƙarancin abinci, suna fara haifar da offspringa offspringan sau da yawa;
- tare da raguwar lambobi, mollusks suna haɓaka da yawa sosai.
Mafi yawa daga cikin manya har ma da manya-manyan jatan lande, da suka kai santimita 37 a tsayi, suna girma akan gonakin shrimp. Saboda kebantattun ayyuka na aikin gonaki, takamaiman kayan abinci, naman waɗannan ɓawon burodi ya cika da wasu sinadarai. Mafi kyawun shrimp masu kyau sune waɗanda suka girma a ɗabi'a a sarari, ruwan sanyi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A lokacin bazara da bazara, gabar ruwan Japan tana haske a cikin duhu saboda shump luminescent ɗin da ke rayuwa cikin yashi kuma ya zama bayyane a ƙananan igiyar ruwa. Arar danna shrimp na iya rushe aikin sonars na cikin ruwa - sonar zai ji kawai labule mai ci gaba.
Shrimp - abin da ake amfani da shi sosai don abinci, ana yin shi a cikin akwatinan ruwa, amma ba su da masaniya kaɗan game da wannan bakon halittar da ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin halittu na tekunan duniya. Wannan ba kawai abinci bane ko wani sashi a cikin shahararrun jita-jita ba, amma ƙirar kwaya ce ta musamman wacce ke ba da mamaki da jin daɗi tare da abubuwan da take da su.
Ranar bugawa: 07/29/2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 07/29/2019 a 21:22
