Hearjin grey - daya daga cikin wakilan storks. Yana zaune galibi akan yankin Belarus a yankuna marshy. Wannan babban tsuntsu ne mai matukar kyau. Baya ga Belarus, ana iya samun sa a wasu yankuna na Eurasia har ma da Afirka. Sunan jinsin a cikin fassarawa zuwa harshen Rasha yana nufin "tsuntsun toka".
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Grey Heron
Ronarjin launin toka wakili ne na mawaƙa, na rukunin tsuntsaye ne, tsari na dawakai, dangin dangin dangin mahaifa, halittar mahaifa, jinsunan masu launin toka. A zamanin da, har zuwa tsakiyar karni na 19, ana daukar tsuntsu mai cutarwa, yana kawo masifa. Gidajenta suna lalacewa koyaushe, kuma an kashe adadi mai yawa na manya.
Mutanen dangi masu daraja sunyi la'akari da farautar farauta don gurnani mai launi mai ban sha'awa. Kodayake an lura cewa ba a amfani da naman ta don abinci saboda halayen ta ba su da yawa. Sakamakon irin wannan aikin ɗan adam, yankuna da yawa na Turai, waɗanda a da can ƙaunatattu suka ƙaunace su, sun rasa wannan kyakkyawar wakiliyar fure da fauna.
Bidiyo: Grey Heron
Yawancin masu zane-zane na Renaissance suna sha'awar kyawun halittar wannan tsuntsu mai kwarjini kuma galibi suna nuna shi a cikin kwalliyar su. Hakanan zaka iya samun hotonta a cikin wasu rayuwar har yanzu a matsayin ganimar farauta. Hoton wannan wakilin tsuntsaye a cikin al'adun gargajiya na kasar Sin abu ne da ya zama ruwan dare. A kan wasu abubuwan tunawa, masu zane-zanen China sun nuna wannan tsuntsu tare da magarya a matsayin alamar nasara, farin ciki da walwala.
A ƙarƙashin tasirin al'adun gargajiyar kasar Sin, wanda a ciki ake nuna maraƙin, hotonta ya zama sananne sosai a tsakiyar Turai, da yawancin ƙasashen Asiya.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Yaya yanayin launin fata mai launin toka
Gararren toka yana da girma da kyau, har ma da tsuntsaye masu daraja. Tsayin nata yakai santimita 75-100. Matsakaicin nauyin jiki na babban mutum kilogram 2 ne. Ba a faɗar da dimorphism na jima'i. Mata suna da ƙananan nauyin jiki. Thearjin launin toka shine mai mallakar babban, mai ƙarfi, mai tsayi. Wani fasali na tsuntsaye dogo ne, siriri kuma mai ƙyalƙyali. A cikin gudu, shiron, ba kamar sauran nau'ikan stork ba, yana jan shi a gaba, amma yana ninka shi ta yadda kusan kansa zai iya zama a jiki.
Tsuntsaye suna da gaɓoɓi da siraɗi ƙwarai. Suna da launin toka. Gabannin yatsu huɗu ne: yatsu uku suna kan gaba, ɗaya baya. Yatsun suna da dogon fika. Theunƙun hannu a yatsan tsakiya ya fi tsayi musamman, saboda yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen aiwatar da hanyoyin tsafta. Ana yin foda daga gashin tsuntsaye wadanda suka karye a jikin tsuntsun, wanda akan samar da wani abu na musamman, wanda zai hana gashinsa makalewa daga dusar kifin da aka cinye. Ita ce mafi ƙwanƙolin goge da ke taimaka wa tsuntsaye su shafa wa gashinsu wannan foda.
Ronarjin gwal yana da tsayi, zagaye fuka-fuki Tsawon fikafikan yakai kimanin mita biyu. Wannan sifa da girman fikafikan sun dace sosai don dogayen jirage masu nisa. Yanayi yana bawa tsuntsu kaifin baki, dogo kuma mai ƙarfi sosai. Yana taimaka mata wajen samo mata abinci da kare kanta daga makiya. Da irin wannan baki, yana da ikon kashe berayen girman ƙaramin zomo. Tsawon baki a cikin wasu mutane ya kai santimita 15-17. Bakin bakin yana iya zama launuka daban-daban: daga haske da rawaya rawaya zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu.
Lilin yana kwance kuma a lokaci guda yana da yawa. Tsarin launi ya mamaye launin toka, fari, launuka daban-daban na ash. Sashin sama na jiki yana da launi mai duhu fiye da na ƙasa. Ana yin ado nape na gurnin launin toka tare da tafin fuka-fukan dogaye masu duhu.
A ina heron mai launin toka yake zama?
Hotuna: Grey Heron a Rasha
Mazaunin tsuntsayen yana da girma sosai. Ba tare da la'akari da yankin ba, koyaushe tana zaune kusa da ruwa. Adadin mazaunin tsuntsaye ya kai kimanin kilomita miliyan 63. An rarraba tsuntsayen kan mafi yawan Turai, Asiya da kuma a wasu yankuna na nahiyar Afirka. A cikin Eurasia, masu amfani da layi suna ko'ina, har zuwa launin toka-toka. Keɓaɓɓun wuraren hamada ne da yankuna masu tsaunuka masu tsayi.
Yankuna na yankuna masu launin toka:
- gabar tekun Bahar Rum;
- Kudu maso gabashin Asiya;
- manyan tsibiran Sunda;
- Belarus;
- Maldives;
- Sri Lanka;
- Madagaska;
- yankuna daban na Rasha.
Hakanan ana samun gararrun launin toka a yankunan tsaunuka a yankuna inda tsaunukan tsaunukan ba su wuce mita 1000 sama da matakin teku ba. Tsuntsaye koyaushe suna zama kusa da ruwa mai tsabta, a cikin ruwa mara zurfi waɗanda suke samun abincinsu. Hirarraki suna zaune a cikin gida, waɗanda suke ginawa da kansu bayan sun haɗu. Yawancin rayuwarsu suna da alaƙa da waɗannan gidajen, tun da ma waɗancan jama'ar da ke da ƙaura suna komawa gidajensu kuma.
Tsuntsayen da ke rayuwa cikin yanayin sanyi suna yin ƙaura tare da farkon yanayin sanyi zuwa ƙasashe masu ɗumi. Da farkon bazara, koyaushe suna komawa ƙasarsu.
Yanzu kun san inda ake samun maraƙin toka. Bari muga abin da wannan tsuntsun ya ci.
Menene maraƙin launin toka mai launin toka yake ci?
Photo: Tsuntsu mai launin toka mai launin toka
Babban tushen abinci shine kifi. A zamanin da, an yi imani da cewa tsuntsaye na lalata ciyayi da dabbobin ruwa, suna cin kifi da yawa. Dangane da wannan, an hallaka su da yawa. Koyaya, a yau an tabbatar da cewa heron, akasin haka, yana da fa'ida, share tafkunan kifin da ke kama da ƙwayoyin cuta.
Abin lura ne cewa kowane mutum a cikin tsarin rayuwa yana samar da nasa hanyar samun abinci. Mafi yawanci, suna shiga cikin ruwan kuma, suna tsaye akan ƙafa ɗaya, suna jira ba tare da motsi ba don wani lokacin da ya dace don kama abinci. Wasu mutane suna buɗe fikafikansu, don haka suna rufe jikin ruwa kuma suna nazarin abin da ke faruwa ƙarƙashin ƙafafunsu. Suna cin tsuntsayen da kawai ke yawo a bakin teku kuma suna neman abin farautar su.
Da zarar tsuntsun ya ga abin farautarsa, nan da nan sai ya miƙa wuyansa ya kama shi da baki da baki. Sannan da saurin jefawa sai ya jefa shi ya haɗiye shi. Idan ganima tana da girma, to da bakin maron ya fara raba ta kashi-kashi. Beak mai ƙarfi yana taimaka mata a cikin wannan, wanda ke sauƙaƙan ƙasusuwa da murkushe ganima.
Tushen abinci na gira mai ruwan toka:
- kifin kifi;
- kayan kwalliya;
- nau'ikan kifi iri-iri;
- 'yan amshi;
- ruwan sha;
- manyan kwari;
- beraye;
- berayen ruwa;
- kananan dabbobi;
- jauhari.
Hannun ƙarfe na iya satar abinci daga wasu dabbobi. Idan wuraren zama na mutane suna kusa, suna iya ciyar da abinci ko kayayyakin masana'antar kifi.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Guraren grey a cikin jirgin
Dogaro da yanayin canjin yanayin, yanayin launin toka mai launin toka yana jagorantar ƙauracewa ko salon rayuwa. Tsuntsayen da ke zaune a yankin Tarayyar Rasha, Belarus, koyaushe suna tashi zuwa ƙasashe masu ɗumi tare da farkon farkon yanayin sanyi na kaka. Wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa tsuntsun ba zai iya wadatar da kansa da abinci ba a yanayin tsananin sanyi.
Tsuntsayen na yin ƙaura cikin ƙananan rukuni. A cikin keɓaɓɓun banda, adadin waɗannan makarantun sun wuce ɗari biyu. A kan hanyar, ba a sami mutane masu kaɗaici ba. A lokacin jirgin, suna tashi a manyan wurare dare da rana.
Lokacin da suke zaune a yankin da suka saba, sukan zauna ƙungiya-ƙungiya, gida-gida a cikin yankuna daban-daban, suna yin gidajan dozin da yawa a cikin ƙaramin yanki. Tsuntsaye suna yin wasu yankuna tare da wasu nau'ikan storks, da sauran nau'in tsuntsayen - storks, ibises.
Ronarjin launin toka ba ya aiki a daidai lokacin ƙayyadadden lokaci. Suna iya zama masu aiki sosai dare da rana. Mafi yawan lokuta suna farke da farauta. Suna kuma bata lokaci mai tsawo suna tsaftace ledarsu.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Babban maraƙin launin toka
Tsuntsaye sun kai ga balagar jima’i suna da shekaru 1-2 da haihuwa. Tsuntsaye ne mai haɗuwa ta yanayi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A lokacin saduwa, baki da duk sassan jikin da ba a rufe su da fuka-fukai sun sami lemu mai haske ko ruwan hoda. Wannan halayen halayyar maza da mata ce.
A waɗancan yankuna da yanayi ke da sanyi, kuma tsuntsaye suna ƙaura zuwa ƙasashe masu ɗumi don hunturu, sukan gina gida sau ɗaya bayan sun koma ƙasarsu - a ƙarshen Maris, farkon Afrilu. A cikin ƙasashe masu dumi, inda babu buƙatar tsuntsaye suyi ƙaura, babu bayyanannun ƙaura da yanayi.
Ginin gida yana farawa ne da ɗa namiji. Sannan ya kira mace don taimako: ya shimfida fikafikansa, ya jefa kansa baya a bayansa kuma yana yin sautuka. Idan mace ta kusance shi, sai ya kore ta. Ana yin maimaita wannan hanya sau da yawa. Lokacin da Namiji ya yarda da Mace, sai a samar da ma'aurata, wadanda suke haduwa gaba daya gida. Mafi yawanci yana cikin bishiyoyi masu tsayi, yana da tsayi na santimita 50-70, diamita daga 60-80 santimita. Tsuntsaye suna da haɗuwa sosai a cikin gidansu kuma suna amfani dashi tsawon shekaru idan ze yiwu.
Kowace mace tana yin kwai 1 zuwa 8. Mafi sau da yawa, akwai 4-5 daga cikinsu. Ana nuna su a bangarorin biyu kuma suna da launin shuɗi mai launin fari da fari. Bayan sun kwan ƙwai, tsuntsayen suna haɗuwa tare tsawon kwanaki 26-27. Kaji ana haihuwar gaba daya tsirara da rashin taimako. Fuka-fukai suna fara girma daga sati na biyu na rayuwarsu. Iyaye a madadin suna ciyar da kajin da abinci, wanda suke maimaitawa daga ciki. Ana aiwatar da abinci sau uku a rana. Wasu kajin suna samun abinci kadan. A wannan yanayin, thean kaji masu ƙarfi da girma suna karɓar abinci daga raunana, kuma raunana a wannan yanayin galibi suna mutuwa.
Tun yana da wata uku, kajin sun fara shiri don rayuwa mai zaman kanta. Suna koyon tashi sama da cin abincin manya. Matsakaicin rayuwar tsuntsu a karkashin yanayi mai kyau shine shekaru 17-20.
Abokan gaba na launin toka
Photo: Grey heron a cikin yanayi
Ronarjin launin toka babban tsuntsu ne wanda yake da ɗabi'a mai baki da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. Dangane da wannan, tana iya kare kanta daga makiya da yawa. Koyaya, sau da yawa yakan zama ganimar manya da ƙarfi.
Abokan gaba na launin toka:
- fox;
- jackal;
- kare raccoon;
- berayen ruwa da amphibian;
- nau'in tsuntsaye masu farauta;
- marsh harrier;
- magpie.
Abokan gaba na halitta bawai kawai ga ganima ga manya ba, har ma da gurɓatattun gidaje, cin kajin da ƙwai na tsuntsaye. Hakanan heron yana da saukin kamuwa da cututtuka daban-daban, musamman masu cutarwa. Wannan yana sauƙaƙa ta salon rayuwa da yanayin abincin. Babban tushen abinci shine kifi da ɓawon burodi. Su ne masu jigilar ƙwayoyin cuta masu yawa. Ta hanyar cin su, maraƙin ta atomatik ya zama mai karɓar matsakaici don babban adadin ƙwayoyin cuta.
Karancin rayuwar kajin a shekarar farko na taimakawa ga raguwar adadi. Kashi 35% ne kawai. Daga shekara ta biyu, yawan mutuwar tsuntsaye ya fara raguwa sannu a hankali. Hakanan, mutane suna cikin manyan maƙiyan maƙiyan gwal. Ayyukanta suna haifar da gurɓatar mahalli na asali, sakamakon haka tsuntsu ya mutu. Maganin kashe qwari na gurɓata fadama da wuraren ruwa kusa da inda yake zaune.
Wani dalili kuma na raguwar adadi tsuntsaye shine canjin yanayin yanayi. Hakanan sanyi, tsawan bazara mai dauke da dusar ƙanƙara da ruwan sama mai dorewa shima yana taimakawa ga mutuwar tsuntsaye, waɗanda sam basu dace da rayuwa a cikin irin wannan yanayin ba.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Yaya yanayin launin fata mai launin toka
Jama'a suna da yawa a kusan dukkanin yankuna na mazaunin sa. Tsuntsuwar ta shahara sosai a sassan duniya daban-daban. A cewar theungiyar forasa ta Duniya don Kula da Dabbobi, yawan launin toka ba shi da wata damuwa. Ya zuwa shekarar 2005, adadin wannan tsuntsu ya fara daga mutane 750,000 zuwa 3,500,000. Mafi yawan jama'a suna zaune a Rasha, Belarus, China da Japan.
Ya zuwa shekarar 2005, kimanin nau'i-nau'i 155 - 185 na waɗannan tsuntsayen sun rayu a ƙasashen Turai. A Tsakiyar Turai, kaifin baki heron shine kusan sauran babban tsuntsu. A daidai wannan lokacin, akwai kusan nau'i-nau'i 30-70 dubu a kan yankin Tarayyar Rasha. Masana ilimin dabbobi sun lura da halin karuwar yawan mutane a yankin kasar nan. Koyaya, a wasu yankuna na Rasha, lambar wannan wakilin storks ya ragu sosai. Wadannan yankuna sun hada da Yakutia, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk Territory, Kemerovo, Tomsk, Nizhny Novgorod.
Tsuntsayen suna da hankali sosai game da tsabtar ɗabi'ar muhalli, sabili da haka wannan yana da lahani ga lambarta a wasu yankuna. Amfani da magungunan kashe kwari mai yawa da mutane suka yi ya haifar da raguwar adadin tsuntsayen da ke kusa da wuraren masana'antu da wuraren noma, inda ake amfani da waɗannan magungunan. Haka kuma sare bishiyoyi yana shafar adadin tsuntsayen.
Hearjin grey - ɗayan kyawawan tsuntsaye. Ta zama alama ta yankuna da yawa kuma galibi ana nuna ta cikin halaye daban-daban na alamomin ƙasa. Tsuntsaye suna jin daɗi sosai a cikin wuraren shakatawa da wuraren ajiyar ƙasa, wanda a ciki suke rayuwa da yawa.
Ranar bugawa: 07/29/2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 03/23/2020 da ƙarfe 11:15 na dare
