Penguin da aka kama - wadannan sune mafi karancin wakilan penguins. Godiya ga tassels na zinaren da ke kansu, wanda da alama sun haifar da girare, suna da tsananin kallo da ban tsoro. Duk da ƙaramin girman su, penguins masu ɗanɗano suna da rai, masu saurin motsa jiki da kuma tsuntsaye masu ƙarfin hali.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Crested Penguin
Penguin din da aka huda shi dangin penguin ne. Ragowar kwanan nan na ƙananan penguins suna da shekaru kimanin miliyan 32. Duk da cewa yawancin penguins manya ne, tsuntsaye masu girma, kakanninsu sunfi yawa. Misali, mafi girman ragowar da aka samu. Nauyinsa ya kai kilogram 120.
Bidiyo: Penguin da aka Kama
Tambayar tsaka-tsakin mahada tsakanin manyan penguins da kuma kananan penguins sun kasance a bude. Wataƙila, waɗannan tsuntsayen sun taɓa dacewa da su don tashi, kamar albatrosses da seagulls, amma salon rayuwar ruwa ya zama ya fi musu kyau. Haɗin tsakanin tsuntsayen da ke yawo da penguins marasa ƙarfi ya ɓace
Tsuntsaye daga dangin penguin suna da abubuwa da yawa waɗanda suke tattare da su duka:
- suna zaune cikin fakitoci Penguins gida a cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi kuma a lokacin sanyi suna haɗuwa wuri ɗaya don ɗumi dumi. Hakanan, salon rayuwar gama gari yana ba ku damar kare kanku daga masu farauta;
- siffar jikin penguins tana kama da harsashi, an daidaita ta. Don haka waɗannan tsuntsayen na iya haɓaka saurin gudu a ƙarƙashin ruwa, kamar torpedoes ko harsasai;
- penguins ba za su iya tashi ba. Idan kaji suna iya tashi na gajeren lokaci, to kuwa tarin penguins da kananan fikafikan su yasa basa iya ko da gajeren jirage;
- penguins suna tafiya a tsaye. Bambancin tsarin kashin bayan su shine kusan bashi da lankwasawa.
Penguins sun bambanta kaɗan a tsakanin su: girma, launi da wasu bayanai wanda za'a iya gane su. Matsayi mai amfani, launi na penguins suna da aikin sake kamanni - baƙar fata baya da kai da ciki mai haske. Penguins suna da dogon baka mai kamun kafa da doguwar hanji.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Yaya yanayin penguin yake kama
Duk ƙananan raƙuman kwalliyar kwalliya iri ɗaya suna kama da juna. Tsayinsu ya bambanta tsakanin 60 cm, nauyi kusan kilogram 3 ne. Wadannan tsuntsayen masu matsakaicin girma suna da wata alama ta musamman - gashin fuka-fuka akan idanunsu dogo ne, rawaya mai haske, wani nau'in gira ne ko kuma gira-gizai, wanda penguins din suka sami sunan su.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Masana kimiyya ba su kafa hujja da dalilin da ya sa ƙwarin penguin yake buƙatar gashin tsuntsu mai launin ruwan sama sama da idanunsa ba. Ya zuwa yanzu, abin da kawai ake tsammani shi ne cewa suna taka rawa a cikin wasannin mating na wannan nau'in.
Don penguins da aka huda, dusar da ba ta ruwa halayya ce, wacce ke ba da yanayin zafi: tana dumama tsuntsu a lokacin sanyi, yana sanyaya a lokacin zafi. Bakin penguin yana da tsayi, yayi kauri, kuma galibi yana da launi ja.
Penguin da aka kama sune manyan nau'ikan da suka haɗa da ƙananan raƙuman ruwa da yawa:
- dutsen penguin da ke da duwatsu - ya fita dabam dangane da wurin da ƙafafun suke, waɗanda, kamar yadda yake, an tura su baya don sauƙaƙa ga penguin din ya hau kan duwatsu;
- arewacin penguin da aka fi kwazo shi ne mafi hatsarin jinsuna. Waɗannan tsaka-tsakin tsuntsaye ne masu baƙin baƙuwa;
- penguin na Victoria. Ya banbanta cikin sifofin fararen halayya akan kunci. Gabaɗaya, farin ciki ya fi na sauran naɓaɓɓun penguin ɗin da aka lalata;
- babban penguin. A zahiri, ba manyan ƙananan ba - an kasafta bisa tushen mazauninsu a cikin Snares Archipelago - wannan shine ƙaramar mazauni a tsakanin penguins;
- Schlegel penguin. Subsananan launuka masu launi marasa haske na penguin, wanda bashi da tassels na zinare da ɗan kauri mai kauri. Suna da launin azurfa mai launin azurfa tare da fararen alamu da fararen ƙafa. Gashin fuka-fukai a kai suna da kwatancen zinare wanda yake sananne.
- penguin mai girma Mafi girman manyan penguins. An bayyana shi da fuka-fukai manya-manya a tsari, waɗanda a cikin kamanninsu suna kama da nau'in sakon wasiƙa;
- macaroni penguin. A cikin waɗannan ƙananan raƙuman raƙuman ruwa, ana iya ganin tassels ɗin rawaya sama da idanuwa a sarari. Na farko daga cikin jinsunan da aka gano na penguin.
Wadannan penguins suna da bambance-bambance kadan daga juna, masana kimiyya ba su yarda da kaso daya na rabe-raben penguin din ba.
A ina ne penguin da yake hutawa yake rayuwa?
Hotuna: Tsuntsayen kwalliyar penguin
Tsuntsun penguin da aka kama ya fi yaduwa a Tsibirin Subantarctic, a Tasmania, a kan tsibirin Tierra del Fuego da kuma gabar tekun na kudancin Amurka. An rarraba yawancin jama'a a waɗannan wuraren.
Amma wasu ƙananan rarar penguins suna rayuwa a wurare masu zuwa:
- Tsibiran Antipodes, New Zealand, Campbell, Auckland, Tsibiri na Bounty - wuri ne da ke cike da manyan penguins;
- tsibiran South Georgia, South Shetland, Orkney, Sandichevsky Islands - mazaunin macaroon penguin;
- babban penguin yana rayuwa ne kawai a tsibirin Snares - yana zaune a yanki mai murabba'in kilomita 3.3 kawai;
- ana iya samun penguin mai kauri a tsibirin Stewart da na Solander kusa da New Zealand;
- Tsibirin Macquarie - shine kawai mazaunin Schlegel penguin;
- ƙananan raƙuman arewa suna zaune a tsibirin Tristan da Cunha da tsibirin Gough.
Penguins da aka kama sun zaɓi ƙasa mai duwatsu a matsayin mazauna. Dukansu, zuwa matakai daban-daban, an daidaita su don tafiya akan duwatsu da duwatsu. Penguins suna ƙoƙari kada su zauna a yankunan arewa mai nisa, saboda ba sa jure hunturu da ƙarancin abinci. Kodayake penguins suna da ruɗu saboda tsarin tsarin jikinsu, penguins masu ƙwarin guiwa suna da saurin aiki da sauri. Kuna iya ganin yadda suke tsalle daga dutse zuwa dutse da kuma yadda ba tare da tsoro suka fada cikin ruwa daga manyan tsaunuka ba.
Sun zauna a manyan garken kuma suna yin gida-gida kan duwatsu. Yana da mahimmanci a gare su cewa koda a lokacin sanyi, ana iya samun ciyawar busasshe, rassa da bishiyoyi a kan tsibirin, waɗanda ake amfani da su don gina gida, duk da cewa a yawancin akasarin ana gina su ne daga kananan tsakuwa. In ba haka ba, penguins na jinsi biyu suna rufe gidajensu da gashin tsuntsu.
Yanzu kun san inda penguin din yake zaune. Bari muga me zai ci.
Menene penguin da aka hutar da shi yake ci?
Hoto: Crest penguin daga littafin Red
Penguins suna ciyar da duk abin da zasu samu a cikin teku da abin da ke shiga cikin bakin.
Yawancin lokaci wannan:
- kananan kifi - anchovies, sardines;
- krill;
- kayan kwalliya;
- kifin kifi;
- kananan cephalopods - dorinar ruwa, kifin kifi, squid.
Kamar yadda penguins na sarki suke, masu ruɓaɓɓe suna dacewa don shan ruwan gishiri. Ana ɓoye gishiri ta cikin gland na musamman da ke kusa da hanci. Kodayake, idan akwai wadataccen ruwa, penguins sun fi son shan shi. A lokacin bazara, penguins da aka daskarar sun sami mai yayin tafiya mai nisa. A lokacin hunturu, sun rasa wani muhimmin bangare na nauyinsu; kuma rage nauyi yayin wasannin mating. Yayin ciyar da kajin, mace ce ke da alhakin ciyar da 'ya'yan.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Penguin da aka huda shi ya fi so ya kawo kifin duka ko gutsuttsura ga samari maimakon belin dafaffen kifin a bakinsu.
Penguins da aka kama suna motsi da kyau a ƙarƙashin ruwa. Suna da damar haɓaka saurin gudu don neman ganima. Kamar dolphins, penguins masu kyan gani sun fi son yin farauta a cikin garken, suna kai hari makarantar kifi a cikin rukuni, don haka ya watsar da su. Hakanan, a cikin garken tumbi, penguin na iya fitowa da rai yayin fuskantar mai farauta. Penguins mafarauta ne masu haɗari. Suna haɗiye kifi akan tafi kuma suna iya cin abinci har ma da manyan mutane. Hakanan, saboda ƙaramin girmansu da laulayinsu, suna iya samun ɓawon burodi da dorinar ruwa daga cikin kwazazzabai da sauran ƙananan wurare.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Aaƙatattun penguins guda biyu
Ba a samo penguin da aka kama a waƙa ɗaya ba, tsuntsaye ne na zamantakewa. Flockungiyar penguin na iya adadin sama da mutane dubu 3, wanda yake da girma ƙwarai koda da matakan penguins ne. An zaɓi mazaunin hamada, wanda ya ƙunshi duwatsu da ƙanƙanin daji kusa da teku. Kodayake wani lokacin suna zaune kusa da sabbin tafkuna da koguna, yawanci ƙananan garken tumaki ne da suka ɓace daga mulkin mallaka. Penguins da aka kama suna son yin amo. Suna ta kururuwa koyaushe, kuma yana da wuya kar a ji kukansu: yana ringing, hoars kuma yana da ƙarfi sosai. Wannan shine yadda penguins suke magana da juna kuma suna ba da bayanai daban-daban. Da dare, penguins suna shiru, saboda suna jin tsoron jawo hankalin masu farauta.
Crested penguins ana iya kiran shi jinsin penguin da ya fi tsoro da zafin rai. Kowane penguins yana da yankin kansa, wanda ke kishi da kariya. Idan wani penguin ya shigo yankin su, to mace da namiji zasuyi kishi don dawo da hakkin su. Wannan halayyar ga yankin yana da alaƙa da ƙananan ƙananan pebbles, waɗanda ake amfani dasu don gina gida. Ita irin nau'in kudin penguin ce. Kwancen penguin da aka kama ba kawai tattara pebbles a kan tudu ba, har ma yana satar su daga wasu gidajen.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Lokacin da namiji ya kasance a cikin gida, kuma mace ta bar shi don ciyarwa, wasu mata suna zuwa wurin wannan namiji kuma suna yin ayyukan gayya don saduwa. A yayin saduwa, namiji ya bar gida na ɗan gajeren lokaci, ita kuma mace tana sata duwatsun tsakuwa don gidanta.
Ba a iyakance penguin da aka kama ba da kururuwa mai razanarwa - suna iya bugawa da bakinsu da ɓangaren gabansu na kai, wanda zai iya cutar da abokin gaba. Hakanan, suna kiyaye samarinsu da abokan zamansu har ma daga masu farauta. Penguins masu kamewa suna da abokai na dangi waɗanda suke abokantaka dasu. Yawancin lokaci suna farauta cikin rukuni kuma basa satar junan juna. Abu ne mai sauki a gane cewa penguins suna kan sharuddan sada zumunta - idan sun hadu, suna girgiza kawunansu gefe da gefe, suna gaida abokinsu. Penguins da aka kama suna da sha'awa. Da yardar rai sukan kusanci masu daukar hoto da masu ilimin halitta kuma har ma suna iya kai hari ga mutane, kodayake ƙananan penguin ba zai iya haifar da rauni ga mutum ba.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Iyali na penguins
Lokacin kiwo yana farawa da faɗa tsakanin maza. Penguins biyu suna yaƙi don mace, suna faɗaɗa fikafikansu suna dukar juna da kai da baki. Duk wannan yana tare da babbar murya. Penguin mai nasara yana raira waƙa ga mace waƙar ƙananan sautuka, bayan haka dabbar ta fara faruwa. Namiji ya gina gida. Mafi yawa ya ƙunshi pebbles ba tare da kaifafan kusurwa ba, yana kuma jan rassa a can da duk abin da ya samu a yankin. Sau da yawa ana samun kwalba, jakunkuna da sauran datti a wurin. A watan Oktoba, mace na yin kwai (yawanci yawanci biyu ne daga cikinsu, kuma kwan daya ya fi na biyu girma). Yayin kwanciya, mace ba ta cin abinci, sai namijin ya kawo mata abinci.
Gabaɗaya, namiji da mace suna ƙyanƙyashe ƙwai a jere, kuma shiryawa yana ɗaukar kimanin wata guda. Kajin da suka bayyana an bar mahaifin kwata-kwata. Yana azurta su da dumi, kuma mace tana kawo abinci kuma tana ciyar da kanta. A watan farko kajin suna tare da mahaifinsu, daga nan sai su tafi wani irin "gandun daji" - wurin da kajin penguin ke tarawa kuma suna karkashin kulawar manya. A can suke bata lokaci har sai sun cika sosai. Bayan an bar kajin cikin kulawar jama'a, tsuntsayen suna tara mai sosai. Wannan yana basu damar shirya na narkakken narkar da ruwa wanda bai wuce wata daya ba. Bayan sun canza ulu, tsuntsayen da suka manyanta suna zuwa teku kuma suna yin hunturu a can, suna shirin lokacin matansu na gaba.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Penguins da aka kama a wasu lokuta sukan zama nau'i-nau'i na dogon lokaci.
Penguins suna rayuwa na kimanin shekaru 10, a cikin bauta za su iya rayuwa har zuwa 15.
Abokan gaba na penguin
Hoto: Babban Penguin Crested
Saboda salon rayuwar su, penguins basu da abokan gaba na zahiri. Yawancin penguins da yawa da ke ratse suna rayuwa a tsibirai, inda babu wanda zai kai musu hari.
A cikin ruwa, penguins suna da haɗari ga wasu masu lalata su:
- hatimun damisa manyan dabbobi ne masu saurin kama penguins a cikin ruwa kuma suna iya zama haɗari a doron ƙasa;
- Hatunan furcin Antarctic na iya kashe penguins masu ƙyalƙyali, kodayake yawanci hatimai suna ciyar da kifi;
- zakunan teku;
- kifayen kifayen da ke kashe dabbobi koyaushe suna farautar kowane irin nau'in penguins;
- wasu kifayen ma ana samunsu a cikin penguins. Zasu iya zagaye tsibirai inda penguins ke rayuwa. Lokacin da tsuntsu yake son cin abinci, yakan fita zuwa teku, koda kuwa akwai wani mai farauta anan kusa, saboda shi nan take yake zama ganima.
Kaji na penguins da aka huce sun fi rauni. "Nurseries" ba koyaushe manya ke kulawa ba, wannan shine dalilin da ya sa skuas mai ruwan kasa da wasu nau'in gulls zasu iya kawo musu hari. Suna afkawa kajin da kansu da kuma kayan penguins. Penguin da aka kama ba tsuntsaye ne marasa kariya ba. Kodayake basu da girma a wajen sarki da penguins na sarki, masu akidar suna da kishi sosai suna kare kansu da zuriyarsu. Suna iya kai hari ga mai farauta ta hanyar faɗaɗa fikafikan su da ihu da ƙarfi. Aungiyar irin waɗannan ihu na ihu suna iya tsoratar da abokan gaba, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ya motsa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Yaya yanayin penguin yake kama
Tare da sarki, galapagos da penguins na sarki, ana yiwa barazanar masu kisan gilla. Centuryarnin na ashirin ba shi da kyau ga penguins masu ƙyalƙyali, tun da mutane suna kashe su da ƙwaya don kitse da nama, da kuma ɓarnatar da ƙwai. Dalilan batan penguins da aka ɓata a yau sune kamar haka - faɗaɗa yankunan noma, waɗanda suke a mahadar tare da matsugunan penguins.
Sakamakon haka, hayakin masana'antu mai lahani, wanda ke shafar rayuwa da ƙarfin haihuwa. Dalili na biyu kuwa shi ne mafarauta. Har yanzu, akwai ra'ayi cewa kitse na penguin yana da kayan warkarwa. Canjin yanayi ma yana faruwa. Penguins suna rasa wuraren zama, waɗanda ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye su. Hakanan, yawan kifi da kifin kifi, waɗanda aka haɗa su cikin abincin yau da kullun na penguins, yana raguwa. Saboda rashin ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki da canjin yanayi, penguins sun fara yin ƙasa ba sau da yawa - ɗayan ɗaya duk bayan shekaru biyu.
Gurbatar mahalli ma yana shafar, musamman sharar roba da kayayyakin mai. Tabbas, tabbas, yawan kamun kifi wanda aka haɗa a cikin abincin penguins masu shaƙatawa suma yana shafar lambobin su. Duk da cewa jimillar yawan penguins da aka huda sun fi nau'i-nau'i miliyan uku da rabi, yawancin ƙananan raƙuman ruwa suna cikin haɗari. Ana sa ran yawan jama'a zai ragu da kimanin kashi 70 cikin 100 a cikin shekaru 20 masu zuwa.
Crested Penguin kiyayewa
Hoto: Crest penguin daga littafin Red
Peananan raƙuman raƙuman ruwa sun haɗa da: dutse, mai farashi mai kauri, babba, Schlegel penguuin, mai gashi mai zinare. Subsananan raƙuman ruwa masu haɗari: arewa, babban rukuni. Kamar yadda kake gani, duk da yawan gungun penguins gabaɗaya, ya ƙunshi ƙananan ƙananan dabbobi masu haɗari, ko ƙananan da ke fuskantar ƙarewa. Daga cikinsu har da Chatham Crested Penguin, wanda ya ɓace a farkon karni na 19. Yanayin ƙasa ya ci gaba.
Babban hanyoyin tsaro sune:
- ƙaura daga penguins zuwa yankunan kariya;
- ciyar da wucin gadi na penguins na daji;
- penguins kiwo a cikin bauta.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Farautar farautar bahalan teku ta ƙaru da yawan krill, wanda ke da amfani ga wasu nau'in penguin, gami da guguwar penguin, a yankunan arewacin.
Penguins da aka kama suna da kyau a cikin gidan zoo, suna sauƙaƙe a can kuma suna yin nau'i-nau'i na dogon lokaci. Ya zuwa yanzu, gidajen zoo sune mafi amincin hanyoyin kiyaye wannan nau'in.
Penguin da aka kama - mai haske da sabon abu. Yayinda suke zaune a yankuna da yawa a doron duniya, amma tuni masana kimiyya suna damuwa game da raguwar su. Matsalar adana waɗannan tsuntsaye masu rai da ƙarfin hali ya kasance a buɗe.
Ranar bugawa: 07/29/2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 07/29/2019 a 21:38
