Kayan ciki ya sami sunan daga ikon karkatar da jelarsa a karkace. Wannan fasalin yana aiki don sadarwa tare da abokan aiki tare da keɓance haƙƙoƙin iyakokin yankin da aka mamaye. Dabbobi masu rarrafe suna son yin ruwa a cikin yashi da rana. Suna cikin dangin agama, sun dace da rayuwa a cikin hamada.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Vertikhvostka
Sunan Latin na Phrynocephalus guttatus an ba shi mai rarrafe ta masanin tsirrai dan kasar Jamani Johann Gmelin a cikin 1789. Wani suna don zagaye-kai shine tuzik. Zardadangaren ya samo wannan sunan ne don ruwan hoda wanda yake a tsakiyar bayansa, kamar katin kati, mai kama da kwat na tambari. Jinsin zagayen halittar mutum ya banbanta da sauran wakilan agama wajen iya murza wutsiya sama, rashin fitowar kunnuwan kunne, da kuma yadda aka zana kan.
Bidiyo: Vertivostka
Kuna iya ƙayyade nau'in ta hanyar yawan ma'auni tsakanin idanu ko ta motsin jela. Jinsin da ke da alaƙa da juna shine mai zagaye daban-daban. Bugu da ƙari, yawancin masana halitta suna tambaya game da bambancin jinsuna. A waje, dabbobi masu rarrafe suna kama da juna. Bambanci kawai shine canza launin kariya daga ƙaramar wutsiya. Tunda kadangaru mazaunin hamada ne, launinsa launin toka ne mai yashi.
Akwai nau'ikan 4 na vertixtails:
- phrynocephalus guttatus guttatus;
- phrynocephalus guttatus alpherakii;
- phrynocephalus guttatus melanurus;
- phrynocephalus guttatus salsatus.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Menene vertivost yayi kama
Lizan ta fi ta ƙananan girma. Tsawon jiki, gami da wutsiya, ya kai santimita 13-14. Nauyin nauyi kawai 5-6 gram. A cikin manya, wutsiyar ta fi ta jiki sau ɗaya da rabi. Tsawon kai ya kai kusan 1/4 na jikin duka, faɗin daidai yake. Gaban mulo yana zubewa. An rufe saman kai da sikeli kuma ana kiransa hula. Kunnuwan an rufe su da fata. Sikeli yana santsi kusan ko'ina.
A baya an fadada shi, tare da haƙarƙari. Ana ganin hancin da aka zagayo daga sama. Babu jujjuyawar fata a cikin ɓangaren sama na wuya. Sashin sama na jiki yashi ne ko yashi-launin ruwan kasa. Irin wannan bangon an kafa shi ne saboda tarawar ɗigo-digo da toka-toka.
Za a iya samun manyan wuraren duhu a gefen hawan. A wasu wurare, ƙananan dige masu launin toka mai launin ruwan kasa sun fita waje. Uku ko huɗu masu tsawo na launin ruwan kasa, launin ruwan kasa mai haske ko launin yashi mai duhu suna gudana tare da dutsen. Irin wannan bugun ya daina gudana a saman wutsiyar da kuma ƙafafu. Akwai gajerun ratsi biyu a wuya. Jerin fararen launuka suna gudana tare da tarnaƙi, a ƙarƙashin sa ɗigon haske ne suna haɗuwa cikin tsiri mara daidai. A kan gabar jiki, haka kuma a bayan baya, akwai ratsi-ratsi masu ratsa jiki. Hular duk a dige da tabo daban-daban masu girma da launuka.
Maƙogwaron yana da fari tare da tint mai launi. Kullun na bayan gida masu launin rawaya ne masu haske. Ana furta ido mai kwarjini. Tiparshen wutsiya baƙar fata ne mai launin shuɗi. A gindinta, launi ya fi dushe, kuma kasan yana fari da haske, layin karkatarwa. A cikin yara, waɗannan ratsi suna da haske. A yatsan yatsun kafa na huɗu na bayan kafa akwai faranti na ƙafa, a yatsan na uku akwai ƙafafu masu kaifi.
A ina ne wormtail ke rayuwa?
Photo: Zagaye-kai sarewa
Yawan kadangaru ya faro daga bakin tekun Caspian har zuwa iyakar kasar Sin ta yamma. Iyakar kudu ta ratsa ta Turkmenistan da Resetik Nature Reserve a kudu maso gabashin kasar. A cikin Rasha, ana iya samun amphibians a Kalmykia, Stavropol Territory, Lowerananan Volga, Astrakhan, Rostov, Volgograd da kuma Dagestan.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Iyakar zangon shine wuri mafi zafi a doron ƙasa. A lokacin rani, yanayin zafin jiki yana ɗumi har zuwa digiri 50 a cikin inuwa.
Mafi yawan jama'a suna cikin Kazakhstan. Suna zaune a ko'ina cikin Mongolia. Dabbobi daban na dabbobi suna zaune a Azerbaijan, Kudancin Rasha, Karakalpakia. A cikin yankin Asiya na kewayon, ƙananan rabe-raben zaɓaɓɓu sune mafi yadu. A yankin yankin Volgograd, wani kebabben mazaunin yana zaune a yankin Sandub din Golubinsky.
Mutane sun fi son tsayayyen yashi mara ƙarfi da ciyayi marasa yawa. Lizards suna iya binne kansu a cikin matattara tare da motsi na gefe na oscillatory. Ana amfani da ramuka da aka haƙa azaman mafaka. Jimlar tsawon karatun da aka karkata ya kai santimita 35, a zurfin - har zuwa santimita 20.
Ana iya amfani da waɗannan azaman mafaka na ɗan lokaci:
- fasa a cikin ƙasa;
- burtsattsun kabari;
- gungu na ganyaye da ƙwayoyi na hatsi, shukakkun bishiyoyi.
Kazakhlyshorskaya vertikhvostka ita ce kawai yawan mutanen da ke rayuwa sosai a cikin hamada. Ba za a iya samun kaɗan a kan gangaren dunes ba. A karkashin yanayin da ya dace, zai iya zama a cikin matakan hawa. Kwanan nan aka fara haduwa a yankin Orenburg.
Yanzu kun san inda aka samo ƙadangare. Bari muga me zata ci.
Menene vertivoyst ke ci?
Photo: Lizard Lizard
Abincin dabbobi ya ƙunshi kwari. Wannan yana ba da haƙƙin rarraba su azaman ƙwayoyin myrmecophagous. Daga cikin su, mafi yawan cin:
- tururuwa;
- ƙwaro
- kwari;
- kwarin gado;
- Diptera;
- Orthoptera;
- lepidoptera;
- hymenoptera;
- malam buɗe ido;
- arachnids.
Sau da yawa a cikin cikin ciki na amphibians ragowar tsire-tsire - ganye, tsaba, da yashi da ƙananan pebbles. Kyakyawan gani na taimakawa halittu wajan abin da suke farauta, amma wani lokacin sukanyi kuskure kan ciyawar da iska ke korawa ta hamada, kuma ta haɗiye su. Ta hanyar kwace ciyawa kawai, dabbobi masu rarrafe sun fahimci cewa ba za'a ci shi ba. Bayan sun tofa wa tsiron da bai dace da abinci ba, kadangaru cikin fushi suna goge kuncin bakinsu da harshensu. Sakamakon irin wannan farautar da ba a yi nasara ba, ana iya samun ƙananan abubuwa daban-daban a cikin cikin dabbobi. Wani lokaci amphibians na iya jujjuya tsarin abincin su tare da ganye mai laushi da samari masu tsiro da tsiro, ƙuda.
Terananan terrarium tare da ƙarar lita 40 ko fiye ya isa don kiyaye bene a gida. Ya kamata a zubar da yashi a ƙasa, kuma a sanya itacen busasshe da rassan a matsayin mafaka. Ana buƙatar mai sha da fitilar dumama. Kuna iya ciyar da dabbobin tare da crickets, lardin lardin abinci, kyankyasai, caterpillars. An ba da shawarar ƙara trivitamin da alli a cikin abincin. Sauran nau'ikan suna kama ganima tare da dogon jaws. Koyaya, kama kowace tururuwa ta wannan hanyar yana da matukar wahala. Dangane da wannan, amincin ya saba da kamun kafa da harshensu, kamar toads. Saboda wannan, muƙamuransu gajere ne, kamar na kwadi.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Vertikhvostka
Amphibians sun fi son salon zama. Kowane mutum yana mallakar yankin ciyarwa. Yankin maza ya fi na mata girma. Yankin su wani lokacin yakan kai muraba'in mita da dari. Maza na wannan jinsin basa kiyaye ƙasashensu da himma kamar sauran membobin jinsi. A cikin kowane haɗari, kadangaru kan yi kabbara cikin yashi. A cikin yanayin sanyi, sukan yi rairayi a cikin yashi kuma su huta. Halittun suna tono kaburburan kansu, wanda ya kasu kashi biyu: rani da damuna. Waɗanda na farko basu da ɗan gajeren lokaci kuma suna saurin lalacewa. Na biyu ya fi zurfi, har zuwa santimita 110.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Kamar kuliyoyi, ana iya gane yanayin fidget ta hanyar motsi da wutsiya.
Amphibians na iya gudu da sauri kuma su tsallaka zuwa santimita 20 a tsayi. Tare da taimakon jelarsu, suna nuna ishara da dama wacce suke sadarwa da juna da ita. Saboda launin kariya, kayan wasan scythetails ba za a iya gani ga abokan gaba kawai ba, har ma ga abokan aiki. Wutsiya yana ba ku damar ganin juna kuma ku ba da sigina. Suna motsawa cikin ƙasashensu cikin tsere mai sauri, lokaci zuwa lokaci suna daskarewa don dube-dube.
Wutsiyoyi suna murzawa suna miƙewa da sauri. Wannan halayyar ba irin ta sauran jinsuna bane kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a babban sunan waɗannan dabbobi. Lizards suna buƙatar kiyaye zafin jiki na jiki koyaushe. Idan yayi kasa, dabbobi masu rarrafe sukan sami wuri mai haske don jike zafin jiki daga yashi mai zafi. Don kawar da yawan zafi, wutsiyoyi masu kai-tsaye suna neman mafaka a cikin inuwa, suna shiga cikin ramuka.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Mutane suna narkar da mutum sau ɗaya ko sau biyu a shekara. Tsarin yana ɗaukar kusan kwana biyu. A wannan lokacin, amphibians suna yawo tare da ɓaɓɓakan fata. Don kawar dasu da wuri-wuri, dabbobi masu rarrafe sukan goge su da manyan riguna.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Menene vertivost yayi kama
Lokacin kiwo yana farawa a cikin Afrilu-Mayu. Matsayin jima'i shine 1: 1 - mace ɗaya zuwa namiji ɗaya. Kowane mutum ba ya samar da ma'aurata na dindindin. Mace ce ke yanke shawarar wanda za ta aura kuma wanene zai zama uba ga 'ya'yanta. Suna kawai guje wa saurayin da ba a so. Sau da yawa waɗanda aka ƙi yarda da su sun fara bin matar zuciyar. A wannan yanayin, mace na ƙoƙari ta yi faɗa: ta juya ga namiji, ta sa kai ƙasa, kuma ta sunkuyar da jikinta. A wasu lokuta mace na iya taka miji da baki a bude kuma ta yi kokarin cizon sa. Idan duk hanyoyin basu da inganci, kadangare kawai sai ya fado kan bayansa yayi karya har sai an barshi shi kadai.
Idan haɗin ya kasance, bayan makonni biyu zuwa uku mace tana yin ƙwai ɗaya ko biyu masu tsayi tare da diamita na 8-17 milimita. A lokacin kakar, kadangaru kan sami damar yin kama biyu. Amphibians suna girma cikin sauri, suna isa balagar jima'i tun farkon watanni 12-14. Ana sanya ƙwai daga Mayu zuwa Yuli. An haifi lingsan shekaru na farko a farkon Yuli. Dogon lokacin haihuwa idan aka kwatanta shi da lokuta daban-daban na balagar follicle a cikin mutane na shekaru daban-daban. Manya mata manya suna yin ƙwai a baya fiye da matan da suka balaga. Tsawon jikin jarirai masu rarrafe, gami da jela, yakai santimita 6-8. Iyaye ba sa kula da yara, saboda haka jarirai suna cin gashin kansu daga haihuwa.
Abokan gaba na mai rikon amanar
Hotuna: Vertivost a cikin yanayi
Lizards na wannan nau'ikan macizai da tsuntsaye daban-daban suna farautar su, wasu amphibians - masu rikitarwa da masu mulkin lizard, dabbobi masu shayarwa. Karnukan ciki da na gida suna kama dabbobi masu rarrafe. Kasancewa ƙaramin nau'in, manyan dabbobi koyaushe suna ƙoƙari su riƙe vertivost. Tun da kadangaru da farko suna sadarwa ne da jelarsu, jefa shi baya zai zama kamar rashin nutsuwa. Rashin gani zai zama sanadin mutuwa ga dabbobi masu rarrafe, amma asarar wutsiya tayi alƙawarin rashin wata alaƙa da dangi. Dangane da wannan, yana da matukar wahala ka sadu da mutum ba tare da jela ba. Kuna iya ɗaukar su ba tare da tsoron cin gashin kai ba.
Halittu na iya lura da abokan gaba a nesa na mita 30. Wadanda suka fi kowa yaudara sune masu cin abincin dare. Wasu jerboas suna tono kadangaru daga raminsu suna cinye su. Dabbobi suna yin rayuwarsu gaba ɗaya a cikin iyakoki yankuna, inda kowane daji da ƙarami suka saba da su. Abokan gaba ne kawai ko masifu na al'ada zasu iya kore su daga mazauninsu.
Ba a nutsar da Vertixtails galibi cikin yashi ba. A saman saman, suna barin kawunansu kuma suna motsi duk abin da ke faruwa. Idan abokan gaba suka kusanto, amphibians ko dai su zurfafa cikin yashi, ko kuma su ja daga cikin mafaka su gudu. Wani lokaci irin wannan saurin tsalle na iya rikita ma wani mai son cin nasara.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Menene vertivost yayi kama
Girman buhunan sandy yana haifar da raguwar shekara-shekara a yawan adadin masu zagaye-zagaye. A cikin daji, dabbobi masu rarrafe suna da tsawon shekaru 3-5. A gida da gidan zoo, wasu mutane suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 6-7. Kyakkyawan daidaitawa zuwa takamaiman yanayin wurin zama yana sanya halittu zama masu matukar rauni ga canje-canjen su. Idan wasu nau'ikan amphibians suna samun sauƙin amfani da faɗaɗa ayyukan noman mutane, gina taro da bayyanar ruwa a cikin hamada, to ƙananan wigglers daga waɗannan yankuna babu makawa zasu ɓace.
Yankin bazara na jinsin ya kasu kashi zuwa rukunin shekaru masu yawa: rukuni ɗaya ko biyu na ƙananan dabbobi, mata uku ko huɗu, da rukuni biyu ko uku na maza. Gabaɗaya, ana ɗaukar nau'in na kowa tare da matsakaita mai yawa. Misali, a cikin Kalmykia, ana samun mutane 3-3.5 a kowace kilomita ɗaya. A kan yankin na Astrakhan, an gudanar da wani bincike, a yayin da ya zama cewa a wani kebabben yanki na kadada 0.4, wanda ke kewaye da yanayi mara kyau ga jinsin don kaucewa kaura, a watan Mayun 2010 yawan mutanen da aka samu sau daya ya kasance 21, kuma sau 6. - 2.
Daidai bayan shekara guda, yawan mutanen da aka ci karo sau ɗaya ya yi daidai da 40, kuma waɗanda aka ci karo sau 6 - 3. Amma a watan Satumbar 2011, yawan ƙadangare da aka ci karo sau ɗaya ya kasance 21, kuma babu wutsiya-wutsiyar da aka ci karo sau 5 ko 6 kwata-kwata.
Tsayar da vertivostok
Hotuna: Vertikhvostka daga littafin Red
An jera dabbobi masu rarrafe a cikin Littafin Bayanai na Red bayanai na Yankin Volgograd tare da rukunin III na rarity a matsayin mazaunin keɓaɓɓen gida wanda ke rayuwa a waje da yadda aka saba. Kyzylshor mai kai tsaye vertikhvostka yana cikin littafin Red Book of Turkmenistan a cikin rukunin ƙananan filaye. Yaduwar jinsin zuwa arewa yana fuskantar matsalolin yanayi. Rage yankin wurin zama saboda aikin ƙarfafa yashi. A cikin yankin Volgograd, ba a ƙirƙiri ko amfani da wasu matakai na musamman don kiyaye nau'in.
Koyaya, har yanzu yana da mahimmanci don tsara sa ido kan yawan jama'a, don ƙirƙirar yanki mai kariya a yankin mazaunin ta - yankin Golubinsky Sands massif. A cikin yankin Orenburg, inda aka gano sabon yawan a cikin shekaru 5 da suka gabata, babu wani bayani game da abubuwan da ke iyakance. Wajibi ne a sarrafa lambar, a kare yashi masu yawa a kudancin yankin daga lalacewar makiyaya.
Dabbobi masu rarrafe ba su da kariya daga mutane da abokan gaba. Tunda halittun suna son hutawa a cikin saman yashi, mutane, dabbobi, ababen hawa ba sa murkushe su da gangan. Kasancewa a cikin hamada, inda wannan nau'in zai iya haɗuwa da shi, ya isa a bincika a hankali ƙafafunku, kada ku bari dabbobinku su bi su kuma kashe ƙadangare don nishaɗi.
Kayan ciki ba a yi karatun ta natsu ba, don haka kuna iya tunanin ra'ayin rayuwarta kawai. Mutane da yawa suna tunanin cewa babu wani abu da zai canza a wanzuwar jinsin. Koyaya, ga duk wanda ya tsinci kansa a cikin wuraren dabbobi masu rarrafe, don adana su, ya isa a tsallake su kawai ba tare da hargitsi yanayin rayuwar amphibians ba.
Ranar bugawa: 28.07.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 09/30/2019 a 21:14