Merino Nau'in tumaki ne, mafi yawansu sun fi yawa a Ostiraliya. A waje, kusan ba su bambanta da sauran garken tumaki ba. Babban bambancin ya ta'allaka ne da ingancin ulu, wanda a cikin merino ulu ya kunshi zaren dozin kuma ya zama mai taushi sosai. Woolkin wannan nau'in na tumaki ya shahara sosai a ƙasashe daban-daban na duniya.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Merino
Tumaki dabbobi ne na dabba, wadanda aka lasafta su azaman dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsarin artiodactyl, dangin bovine, jinsin rag, nau'ikan merino Wannan nau'in tunkiya yana daya daga cikin dadadden zamanin da yake yanzu. Tarihin bayyanarsa ya dawo ne da ƙarni da yawa. Bayanin farko na wannan nau'in ya faro ne kimanin shekaru dubu 2 da suka gabata. Homelandasar tarihi na tsohuwar kakannin wakilan zamani na wannan nau'in shine yankin Arewacin Afirka da Asiya orarama.
Bidiyo: Merino
A yayin kwace larabawan da Larabawa suka yi, an kwashe tumakin zuwa yankin Tsibirin Iberiya. A nan ne jama'ar yankin suka fara kiwon su domin samun ulu mai inganci. A cikin ƙarni na 12-16, Spain ita ce babban yanki don yawan kiwo da dabbobi, gidan su. Wannan ƙasar ce ta kasance babbar mai samar da ulu na tumaki mai taushi mai inganci.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Ya kasance a tsakanin lokacin daga ƙarni na 12 zuwa na 16 da ake kiwon tumakin wannan irin na musamman a Spain. An haramta shi sosai don fitarwa zuwa wasu ƙasashe. Rashin bin wannan buqatar shine dalilin da yasa aka zartar da hukuncin aikata laifi har zuwa hukuncin kisa.
A cikin 1723, hukumomin Spain a matakin majalisa sun dage haramcin fitar da dabbobin merino a wajen kasarsu. Bayan haka, an kawo dabbobin zuwa yankin Sweden, sannan Faransa ta zamani. A shekarar 1788, wadannan dabbobin suka shigo kasar Australia. Kowane yanki daga inda aka yi kiwon waɗannan tumaki kuma aka yi kiwon su da yawa, ya yi ƙoƙari don haɓaka ƙirar, don inganta ƙimar nama ko halayen ulu. A sakamakon haka, yawancin ƙananan raƙuman kuɗi sun bayyana. A yau, merino nau'ine ne wanda ya haɗa dozin iri da yawa. Koyaya, duk suna da sifofi na waje na gama gari.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Yaya merino yake?
Dabbar tana da kamannin gaske da baƙon abu. Yana tunatar da kowa sanannen tumakin gida. A cikin bayyanar, dabbobin suna kama da ƙananan dabbobi, masu ƙarfi da gajere. Duk jikin dabbar ya lullub'e da gashi mai kauri, doguwa. An samo shi kamar dai a cikin raƙuman ruwa, ko ma maɗaura. Wani lokaci, saboda fur, yana da wuya ma a ga fuskar dabba. Nauyin jikin mace baliga daya kilo 40-50, namiji daya girma kilo 90-110. A cikin mutane na wannan nau'in, kamar a cikin sauran mutane, ana bayyana dimorphism na jima'i. Ana bayyana wannan ba kawai a cikin ɗimbin jiki da girmansa ba. Mazaje suna da dogayen ƙahoni masu ƙarfi waɗanda suke da siffa karkace. Launin gashi na iya zama daban-daban kuma ya dogara da ƙananan ƙananan.
Wane launi na ulu ne wakilan wannan nau'in tunkiya suke da shi:
- fari;
- lactic;
- fari tare da launin rawaya;
- m;
- fari tare da launin shuɗi mai duhu;
- launin ruwan kasa
Gashi na dabbobi yana ci gaba da girma cikin rayuwa. Matsakaicin tsawon ulu da aka ba da shawarar a yi masa sheƙa ya kai santimita 9-10.
Dogaro da ƙananan, bayyanar merino ta kasu kashi uku:
- lafiya. Kada ku bambanta a girman jiki. Babu kusan ninki a jikinsu;
- matsakaici Suna da matsakaiciyar gini kuma suna da ninki 2-3 a jikin akwatin;
- karfi. An rarrabe su da mafi girman jiki, babba da kayan jiki.
Ina merino yake rayuwa?
Hotuna: Australian Merino
Asalin asalin ƙasar merino ana ɗaukarsa Australiya ce. Koyaya, dabbobi suna cikin gida cikin sauri kuma sun bazu kusan ko'ina cikin duniya. Manyan gonaki da ke aikin kiwon tumaki a sikelin masana'antu suna cikin yankin Volga, Urals, Siberia, da yankunan tsakiyar Tarayyar Rasha.
Don kiwon tumaki a gida, ya kamata ku kula don ƙirƙirar yanayi mai kyau ga dabbobi. Suna buƙatar zubar ba tare da kasawa ba. Dole ne ya zama bushe da dumi. Tabbatar babu zane. Saboda gaskiyar cewa dabbobi suna fargabar tsoron wuraren da aka sanya su, tsayin rufin ya kamata ya zama aƙalla mita biyu. Yankin sito ya ƙayyade a ƙimar murabba'in mita 1.5-2 ga kowane mutum. A lokacin rani, sito bai kamata ya zama mai cushe ba, a lokacin sanyi bai kamata ya zama mai sanyi ba.
Zai fi kyau idan sito yana da falon. Ya kamata ya zama mai sauƙi don iska. Mafi kyawun yanayin zafi don kiyaye dabbobi daga 6 zuwa 13 digiri. Zubawar ya kamata a haɗa ta da corral, yankin da zai kasance kusan ninki biyu na yankin na zubar ita kanta. Dole ne a sami kofuna masu sha da masu ciyarwa. Ana buƙatar samun ruwa a kowane lokaci.
Me merino ke ci?
Hotuna: Tumakin Merino
Merinos sune shuke-shuke. A lokacin dumi, babban tushen abinci shine sabo ciyawa kore, wacce dabbobi ke cinyewa yayin kiwo. Masu kiwo na wannan nau'in ya kamata su tabbatar da cewa za su iya ciyar da isasshen lokaci a cikin makiyaya tare da ciyawar kore mai ciyawa. Bayan kitse a wuraren kiwo, ya kamata a samar da ruwa don shayar da ƙishirwa. A matsakaici, babban mutum yana buƙatar lita 15-20 na ruwa kowace rana. Dole ne mai kiwo ya yi la'akari da gaskiyar cewa yana da daraja a kai su makiyaya lokacin da ciyawa ta bushe sosai. In ba haka ba, dabbobi na iya jike su kamu da sanyi. Idan bazara lokacin zafi ne mai zafi kuma yanayin zafi ya tashi, ya zama dole a kora dabbobin cikin rumfa domin su iya buya daga tsananin zafin a lokacin cin abincin rana. Bayan awowi biyar, kana iya tura dabbobin su koma kiwo. Tare da farkon yanayin sanyi, yana da daraja kulawa da cikakken abinci iri-iri.
Abin da ke zama tushen abinci ga merino:
- hatsi;
- ciyawa;
- bran;
- fili abinci;
- kayan lambu;
- garin fulawa;
- sha'ir.
Yakamata masu kiwon Merino su mai da hankali na musamman ga yin ciyawar. An fi girbe shi a cikin yankuna masu laushi, ba a cikin kurmi ko fadama ba. Hay da aka girbe a cikin gandun daji ko a fadama ba shi da wadataccen abinci. Zai zama ba shi da amfani ga tumakin. Don dabbar ba ta yin rashin lafiya kuma tana da kyakkyawan ulu na ulu, ya zama dole a ƙara bitamin da ma'adanai a cikin abincin a cikin nau'ikan abubuwan karawa na musamman ko kuma abubuwan da aka shirya cikin abinci. A lokacin rani, ban da sabbin ganye, ana ba da shawarar ƙara alli, dankali da gishirin dutsen zuwa abincin. A lokacin sanyi, ana ba da shawarar ciyar da dabbobi kusan sau 2-4 a rana. Merino suna matukar son nibbling karas da sabo mai kyau apples.
Yanzu kun san abin da za'a ciyar da merino da shi. Bari mu ga wane irin yanayi ne ya wajaba don nasarar kiwo.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Merino a Rasha
Merino sune dabbobin garke waɗanda ke rayuwa a cikin jama'a. A cikin mazauninsu na asali, suma suna zaune a cikin rukuni. Adadin irin waɗannan rukunin a cikin ɗabi'a ya kai daga mutane 15 zuwa 30. A irin wannan yanayin ne dabbobi ke jin kariya. Masana kimiyyar dabbobi sun tabbatar da cewa idan mutum ɗaya ya rabu da duka rukunin, zai sami damuwa mai ban mamaki, wanda zai bayyana kansa cikin ƙarancin abinci, rage ayyukan mota, da dai sauransu.
Kafin zama mai kiwo na dabbobi a gida, yana da daraja nazarin fasalin halayen su. Babban fasalin wannan nau'in dabbobi shine taurin kai, rashin kunya da ma wasu wawanci. Rakunan wannan nau'in, waɗanda aka ajiye su a cikin yanayin wucin gadi, na iya tattarawa cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi kuma su bi juna kawai, wanda ke haifar da matsaloli masu yawa yayin kasancewa a cikin makiyaya.
Masana ilmin namun daji suna da'awar cewa tumakin wannan nau'in suna da tsananin kunya kuma suna da yawan maganganu. Suna jin tsoron ƙarar sauti, kururuwa, ƙwanƙwasawa. Suna halin tsoron duhu da iyakantaccen sarari. Idan aka yi musu barazana, garken tumaki gaba ɗaya na iya gudu da sauri sosai.In a cikin babban rukuni, yawanci akan sami shugaba. Wannan shine mafi girman namiji. Don kaucewa watsar da tumaki ba da izini ba a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban, ana ba da shawarar kula da raguna masu mahimmanci da rinjaye. Ana ɗaukar Merino a matsayin dabbobi masu tsananin ƙarfi kuma suna iya yin tafiya mai nisa.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Merino Kub
Merino dabbobi ne masu hayayyafa. Lokacin balaga tsakanin mata yana farawa tun yana da shekara ɗaya. A karkashin yanayin yanayi, lokacin saduwa yana faruwa a lokacin bazara. A gida, mai kiwon rago zai yanke shawara da kansa a wane zamani zai kawo mutane maza da mata. Lokaci mafi dacewa shine ƙarshen hunturu da farkon kwanakin bazara.
A wannan halin, ba a tsoratar da 'yan raguna da sanyi. Matan Merino ba koyaushe suke yarda da mazan da mai kiwo ya bayar ba. Idan, a taron farko, mace ba ta wuce abin rufewa ba, an sake tara dabbobin jinsi dabam dabam bayan makonni da yawa. Idan yunƙurin bai yi nasara ba, ba shi da amfani a haɗa su.
Idan har yanzu zai yiwu a kawo raguna, ciki yana faruwa. Yana ɗaukar kimanin makonni 21-22. A wannan lokacin, mace mai ciki tana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman da daidaitaccen abinci mai gina jiki. Wata mace balagaggiyar mace da zata balaga zata iya haihuwa lokaci daya daga toan rago oneaya zuwa uku. Minti 20 bayan haihuwa, jariran da aka haifa tuni suna buƙatar nono na nono kuma suna shan shi da yardar rai. Suna samun ƙarfi kuma suna samun ƙarfi da sauri. Raguna sun shayar da nonon uwa a farkon watanni 2-3.
Bayan wannan, suna fara cin abincin tsire a hankali waɗanda manya ke ci. Da kimanin shekara guda, a shirye suke su jagoranci keɓantaccen rayuwa mai zaman kanta kuma, lokacin da suka balaga, sun rabu da iyayensu kwata-kwata. Matasa matasa a shirye suke don saduwa da haihuwar zuriya, harma da tsofaffi. Matsakaicin tsaran rayuwa kusan shekaru 7 ne. Wasu ƙananan kuɗi suna rayuwa a cikin shekaru 12-15 matsakaici.
Abokan gaba na merino
Photo: Yaya merino yake?
Lokacin da dabbobin merino suke rayuwa a cikin yanayin yanayi, suna da 'yan makiya kadan. Babban haɗari ga dabbobi yana wakiltar manyan kada masu gishiri, waɗanda ke afkawa dabbobi yayin lokacin shayarwa. Baya ga kada, karnukan daji na Ostiraliya, Dingoes, da dawakai da kuliyoyin daji sukan farautar tumaki.
Hakanan ya kamata a lura cewa dabbobi suna da saukin kai kuma suna iya kamuwa da wasu cututtuka. Misali, cikin sauki zasu mutu daga damuwar gero saboda sun kauce daga garken. Sun daina cin abinci, suna motsa kaɗan, sakamakon haka suna mutuwa saboda gajiya. Dabbobi suna da matukar laushi ga laima. A irin wannan yanayi, galibi suna samun ciwon huhu. Tumaki sun fara tari, kusan sun daina cin abinci, suna da wahalar numfashi kuma yanayin jikinsu ya tashi. Idan ba a gano cutar a cikin lokaci ba kuma ba a fara magani ba, dabbar za ta mutu. Har ila yau wajibi ne a kula da hooves na dabbobi, a tsabtace su lokaci-lokaci don hana bayyanar kofato.
Kowane mai kiwo na merino ya kamata ya fahimci cewa ya zama wajibi a samar wa dabbobi maganin ruwa, a lokacin da za su iya tsabtace rigar da kuma kawar da ƙwayoyin cuta. Sau da yawa yayin kiwo, dabbobi na iya ci musu shuke-shuke masu dafi, da ba za su ci ba. A wannan yanayin, dabbar na iya mutuwa bayan hoursan awanni kaɗan. Wani dalili kuma na mutuwar tumakin shi ne kulawar da ba ta dace ba, rashin daidaiton abinci, abincin da bai dace ba. Wadannan dalilai suna haifar da rashi bitamin, cututtukan cututtukan ciki.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Tumakin Merino
A yau, ana rarraba dabbobin merino a matsayin dabbobi a sassa daban-daban na duniya. An rarrabe su da babban haihuwa da kuma balagar jima'in farko. Mutane ba su da mummunan tasiri game da yawan jama'a. Akasin haka, suna yin gonaki a yankuna daban-daban na duniya kuma suna kiwon waɗannan dabbobi a can bisa ma'aunin masana'antu. A yankuna da yawa, ana kiɗan su don samar da ulu mai inganci. Irin wannan ulu ce wacce tafi tsada a duk duniya.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Mafi girman kuma mafi tsadar sayan merin ulu shine akayi a shekarar 2006 ta daya daga cikin gidajen kayan kwalliyar. Sannan kimanin kilogram 100 na ulu an siya kan dala 420,000.
Ana amfani da wannan ulu mai ban mamaki don yin abubuwan ado, tufafi, da darduma. A dabi'ance, ulu na waɗannan dabbobi na musamman suna da kyawawan halaye: yana taimakawa dumi a lokacin sanyi kuma yana kariya daga zafin rana a lokacin rani. Anyi la'akari da shi azaman hypoallergenic da albarkatun hygroscopic. Amfanin shine daga kilogram daya na gashin miyar, za ku iya samun ninkin kayan sau uku fiye da na akuya. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci shine ikon narkar da danshi, wanda yake hana dabbar bushewa a yanayin tsananin ɗanshi, damshi ko ruwan sama. Hakanan, mutumin da ya sanya tufafin da aka yi da wannan ulu za a kiyaye shi daga danshi.
Merino Nau'in tumaki ne mai ban mamaki, wanda gashin sa yana da matukar daraja a duk duniya. Ba su da ma'ana ga yanayin rayuwa da rashin cin abinci mai gina jiki. Kowane baligi yana samar da kilo 7 zuwa 15 na ulu a shekara.
Ranar bugawa: 26.07.2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 09/29/2019 da 21:10
