Botia wawa Shin kifi ne daga dangin da aka ɗaure. Tana da bayyana sosai da launuka masu haske. Ta kasance daga waɗancan wakilai na tsirrai da dabbobi, waɗanda suka fi so farawa a cikin yanayin akwatin kifaye. Zasu iya girma zuwa girma babba, don haka baku buƙatar ƙaramin akwatin kifaye. Hakanan, masu kiwon kifin dole ne su yi la’akari da cewa suna matukar son ɗumbin matsuguni da nau’ikan ciyayi iri-iri. A cikin kafofin adabi daban-daban, galibi ana samun sa da sunan makrakanta.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Botia wawa
Bayanin farko na wannan kifi mai kyau da ba kyan gani a cikin 1852 an tattara shi ne daga masanin kimiyya da mai binciken Dutch dan Blacker. A cikin 1852, ya kasance a cikin Indonesia kuma ya kalli kifin na dogon lokaci kuma yana kusa sosai. Ya bayyana cewa tsibirin Borneo da Sumatra ana daukar su ne mahaifar clowns. Yayin lokacin kiwo, sukan tashi suna tarawa a bakin kogi.
Bidiyo: Botia wawa
Sun fara bayyana azaman kifin akwatin kifaye a cikin karni na 19. An daɗe an shigo da su daga mazaunan akwatin kifaye daga Indonesia. A yau an yi nasarar kirkirar su a cikin gidajen nursan na musamman, ko kuma a cikin yanayin akwatin kifayen kifayen A 2004, Mauris Kottelat ya raba shi da jinsin Botius zuwa jinsin na daban, mai zaman kansa. Sunan makrakantha ya fito ne daga tsohuwar yaren Girka. Fassara zuwa Rashanci, yana nufin "babban ƙaya." Wannan sunan ya samo asali ne saboda kashin baya masu kariya waɗanda ke cikin yankin infraorbital.
A cikin Yaren mutanen Rasha, ana kiran kifi sau da yawa abun birgewa saboda launinsa mai haske da ba na yau da kullun ba, haka kuma mummunan yanayi da saurin wasa, yanayin wasa. Da sauri kifi ya bazu kusan ko'ina cikin duniya a matsayin mazaunan akwatin kifaye. Iyalai duka sun haife su.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Rybka fada wawa
Botia clown kyakkyawa ce, mai kifin mai girman gaske. Tsawonsa ya kai santimita 30-40. A dabi'a, yanayin yanayi, yawanci baya girma zuwa wannan girman. A karkashin yanayin yanayi, girman jikinta bai wuce santimita 25 ba.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Daga cikin dukkan kifayen, gaskiya ne masu tsawon rai. Matsakaicin rayuwarsu ya wuce shekaru 20. Kifin yana da haske, mai launin lemu mai haske. Yaran yara suna da launi mai haske mai tsananin haske. A hankali, tare da shekaru, yana dusashewa. Mafi fadi, ratsi-ratsi baƙi suna gudana a jikin mutum. Tsiri na farko yana gudana ta cikin idanun kifin. Rage na biyu yana gudana a yankin ƙarshen ƙarewar. Latterarshen ya kasance a gaban ƙarancin caudal.
Kifin yana da ƙaran dorsal fin. Yawanci duhu ne, kusan launin baƙi ne. Fananan ƙananan firam yawanci ƙananan girma, na iya zama duhu, kuma yana iya zama jaja-ja. Idon kifin manya-manya ne. Ba su kariya ta fim na fata. Ana tsara bakin ta bakin gashin baki da yawa wadanda ake turawa zuwa kasa. Suna yin aikin taɓawa. Lebe na sama ya fi ƙarancin leɓan girma girma, saboda haka bakin yana jin ƙasa.
Matakan kifin ba su da ganuwa. Ya yi ƙanƙanta kuma kusan a ɓoye yake cikin fata. Tunda kifi yana rayuwa a ƙasa, suna da gland da yawa waɗanda suke buɗewa a cikin yankin hanji kuma suna sauƙaƙe motsi kifin tare da ƙasan tare da wadataccen tsire-tsire, duwatsu, da tsutsa. Wannan karfin jiki yana kare jikin kifin daga yiwuwar lalacewa. Hakora sun bata a baki. Madadin haka, akwai jere guda daya na hakora masu kaifi masu yawa a ƙasan ƙasusuwa.
Hakanan, kifi yana da ƙuƙwalwa waɗanda suke ƙarƙashin idanu. Ana iya ninka su, ko kuma a kara su. Suna da aikin karewa.
A ina ne yaƙar wawa yake rayuwa?
Hotuna: Botia wawa a cikin ruwa
Asalin asalin kifin shine yankin kudu maso gabashin Asiya.
Yankunan yanki na mazaunin kifin makracanth:
- Indonesia;
- Sumatra;
- Tsibirin Borneo;
A cikin yanayin yanayi, mazaunan koguna ne masu girma dabam-dabam. Ba su da yawa. A lokacin bazara, yawanci sukan yi kaura, amma daga karshenta sai su koma wuraren da suka saba. Kifi na iya zama cikin koguna tare da ruwa mai tsafta, kuma inda akwai ƙarancin ruwa. A lokacin damina, suna motsawa zuwa yankuna masu fadi wadanda koguna suka yi ambaliya. Zai iya zama duka jikin ruwa mai tsafta, kuma a lokaci guda waɗanda ƙazantattun abubuwa suke.
Da sauri kifi ya saba da sababbin yanayin kiyayewa, gami da cikin akwatin kifaye. Ba sa buƙatar kulawa ta musamman, mai-wahala. Don ƙirƙirar yanayi mai kyau, suna buƙatar babban akwatin kifaye, la'akari da gaskiyar cewa kifi ya girma har zuwa santimita 20-35. Zai fi kyau a dogara da akwatin kifaye a matsakaita don mutane 3-6, tunda yakin basasa yana son zama cikin rukuni.
Yawan ruwa a kowace dabba shine lita 80-100. Babban ma'aunin shine rashin nitrates da ƙarin ƙazamta a cikin ruwa. Kasancewar nitrates na iya haifar da mutuwar kifi mai haske. Ofaya daga cikin ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodi shine ƙazantawa da tacewa, yanayin zafin ruwan shine digiri 25-28. Zai fi kyau a rufe kasan akwatin kifin tare da yashi mai laushi, ko mafi ƙarancin ɓangaren tsakuwa, tunda yaƙin clown yana son taɓa ƙasan da gashin-baki.
Hakanan akwai wasu buƙatun hasken wuta. Zai fi kyau idan an warwatse kuma an ɗan shawo kansa. Lokacin zabar ciyayi, zai fi kyau a fifita fifiko ga nau'ikan da ke da ganyayen itace don ba zasu iya cin su ba. Zai iya zama nau'ikan nau'ikan fern na ruwa, cryptocorynes, echinodorus, anibuas. Yana da kyau a rufe akwatin kifin tare da murfi don mazaunansa ba za su iya yin tsalle daga ciki ba. An raba mafitsara na yaƙin clown zuwa gida biyu ta wani irin bangare. An saka sashin gaba a cikin kasusuwa na kasusuwa, bangaren baya kusan babu.
Yanzu kun san komai game da abubuwan da ke ciki da kuma dacewar yaƙin clown. Bari mu ga abin da kuke buƙatar ciyar da kifin.
Menene fada wawa yake ci?
Hotuna: Botia wawa
Macracanthus suna da zaɓi sosai dangane da kulawa da abinci mai gina jiki. Ana iya kiransu da aminci kifi mai amfani. Lokacin rayuwa a cikin yanayin yanayi, sun fi son abinci na asalin tsire-tsire, da kwari, larvae. Kiyaye su cikin yanayin akwatin kifaye ba zai zama da wahala ba.
Abin da ke zama tushen tushe:
- kowane nau'in abinci da daskararren abincin kifi;
- zubar jini;
- tubifex;
- gindi;
- tsutsar ciki;
- siffofin larva na kwari iri-iri.
Maigidan ya kamata ya kula da tsabtar abinci, saboda kifayen suna da saurin kula da abinci, kuma suna iya yin rashin lafiya ko kuma kamuwa da helminth. Don amintacce, ana ba da shawarar nau'ikan abinci mai rai daskararre kuma a bi shi da maganin sinadarin potassium. Koyaya, abincin dabbobi kadai bai isa ba. Kifi yana son nau'ikan abinci, daidaitacce. A matsayin ƙarin, zaka iya ƙara kayan lambu a cikin abincin - zucchini, dankali, kokwamba, latas, alayyafo, nettle ko dandelion.
Abincin kayan lambu - kayan lambu da ganye dole ne a fara cin su da ruwan zãfi. Wajibi ne a samar da wani tsarin ciyarwa, la'akari da gaskiyar cewa ana lura da mafi girman aikin abinci cikin kifi da daddare. Karkashin yanayin yanayi, tare da karancin daidaitaccen abinci mai gina jiki, kifaye masu farauta, soya, jatan lande.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Namiji da mace Botia clown
Jirgin shiga jirgin sam ba kifaye bane, suna rayuwa ne kawai cikin rukuni, ba tare da la'akari da ko suna rayuwa a cikin yanayin yanayi ko kuma a cikin akwatin kifaye ba. A zaman wani bangare na rukuni, kifi yana jin dadi da kariya. Kadai, galibi suna yawan cika tsoro, basa cin komai kuma galibi galibi suna mutuwa a ƙarshe.
Idan kifi yana zaune a cikin akwatin kifaye shi kaɗai ba tare da mahaɗansa ba, yana nuna zaluncin da ba na hali ba ga sauran wakilan jinsin. Idan makrakanha yana zaune a cikin rukuni, yana nuna nishaɗi, farin ciki, da abokantaka ga sauran mazaunan. Masu mallakan wannan nau'in kifin sun lura cewa suna da wasu halaye, suna da halaye na wasa kuma suna jin daɗin kowane irin wasanni. Sun fi son yin wasan buya da neman juna.
Abin lura ne cewa yakin basasa yana yin takamaiman sautunan da suka yi daidai da dannawa. Masana ilmin namun daji suna da'awar cewa ana buƙatar waɗannan sautunan don kare yankinsu ko kan aiwatar da haifuwa. A cikin yanayin akwatin kifaye, ana iya jin irin waɗannan sautukan yayin ciyarwa. Duk da cewa ana ɗaukar kifin a matsayin masu motsi, suna iya yin iyo cikin aminci a cikin ruwa daban-daban, haka kuma ta hanyoyi da dama. Jin daɗi, nau'in kifin mara kyau bai dace da matsayin maƙwabta don adana su a cikin akwatin kifaye ba.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Kifin fada wawa
A lokacin bazara a yanayin yanayi, kifi kan yi kaura zuwa bakin tafkunan da suke rayuwa. A wannan lokacin, yawancin kifi suna taruwa a can, kuma ba kawai wannan nau'in ba. Dangane da ƙididdiga, a cikin wasu koguna kusan nau'ikan 3-4 dozin na rayuwar ruwa an tattara su.
Tsarin kiwo yana faruwa ne ta hanyar kwan ƙwai. Kifi na sanya ƙwai a ƙasa mai laka daga tafkin da suke zaune. Mata suna yin manyan ƙwai, wanda girman su yakai 3-4 mm. Kifi ba ya ɓoye kowane abu mai laushi da kayan haɗi tare da caviar, don haka suna da ƙarancin ruwa kuma da sauri sun nutse zuwa ƙasan. Caviar yana da launi mai ɗanɗano, wanda ke yin aikin kariya kuma yana rufe shi sosai a cikin ciyawar tekun.
Lokacin shiryawa a zafin jiki mafi kyau, wanda shine digiri 27-28, shine awanni 20-23. Kifi mai walwala ba shi da daɗi sosai idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'in kifin. Matsakaicin adadin ƙwai shine 3.5-5. Soya ya bayyana daga ƙwai, wanda ke girma da sauri, ya bunkasa kuma ya zama kama da manya. A cikin yanayin akwatin kifaye, ba kasafai ake kiwon kifaye ba. Sau da yawa sun yi ƙoƙari su hayayyafa a kan sikanin masana'antu, amma waɗannan ƙoƙarin bai yi nasara ba. A wasu ƙasashe, an ƙirƙiri gonaki na musamman inda ake tarawa da haɓaka.
Abokan gaba na yaƙin clown
Hotuna: Botia wawa a cikin ruwa
A karkashin yanayin yanayi, kifayen suna da makiya wadanda basa son cin abinci akan kifi mai launi, mai launi. Wadannan sun hada da nau'ikan nau'ikan maharan da suka fi yakin clowns. Hakanan sau da yawa tsuntsaye na cikin ruwa suna farautar su. Koyaya, kifi yana da mahimmin tsari na tsaro - kaifi masu kaifi. Lokacin da haɗari ya taso, kifin yana sakin ƙaya, wanda zai iya cutar da mai farautar. Ana bayyana yanayin lokacin da tsuntsaye suka mutu saboda ɓacin ciki lokacin da ƙaya mai kaifi ta kama shi.
Kifi an rarrabe shi ta isasshen kwayar halitta mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi, idan har ana kiyaye ta da kyau kuma tana da cikakken abinci mai daidaito. Duk da haka, akwai wasu cututtukan da za su iya kashe kifi.
Cututtuka na waƙoƙi:
- cututtukan fungal;
- shan kashi ta helminths;
- cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta;
- ichthyophthiriosis.
Alamomin cututtukan da suka fi yaduwa - ichthyophthyriosis sune bayyanar a saman jikin wani farin hatsi mai kama da semolina. Kifayen sun fara tarkowa da tsakuwa, ƙasa da tuddai daban-daban masu taimako. Ba su da hankali kuma ba su da himma.
Idan baku kula da alamun ba kuma ba ku taimaka wa waɗannan mazaunan akwatin kifaye ba, da alama za su mutu. Jiyya ya ƙunshi amfani da hanyar hyperthermia - ƙaruwa a hankali a cikin zafin ruwan a cikin akwatin kifaye har zuwa digiri 30. A lokacin lokacin kulawa, ana buƙatar sauya ruwa sau da yawa kuma aiwatar da iska.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Kifin fada wawa
A halin yanzu, yawan mutanen da ke cikin fada ba su cikin haɗari. Duk da cewa ba su da haihuwa sosai, yawansu ba ya haifar da wata damuwa. Ana samun kifi a cikin ruwa da yawa. Saboda gaskiyar cewa sun haɓaka fata da numfashi na hanji, suna iya zama cikin ruwan da ba wadatar oxygen. Adadin yawan jama'a ya ci gaba da kasancewa a karkace saboda karancin masu wayo ga yanayin wurin tsarewa.
Suna iya jin daɗin kwanciyar hankali a cikin gurɓataccen ruwa. Yawan kifayen baya shan wahala daga wannan. A wasu ƙasashe, gonaki na musamman sun bayyana wanda waɗannan kifayen suna haɓaka da haɓaka su ta hanyar kere kere. Don haɓaka haɓaka a cikin yanayin wucin gadi, ichthyologists suna amfani da kwayoyi masu haɗari.
Wani dalili kuma wanda yawan waɗannan wakilan ba sa shan wahala shi ne juriyar jiki ga ƙwayoyin cuta masu yawa na cututtuka iri-iri. A wasu yankuna, musamman a lokacin bazara, ana kama kifi akan sifa ta masana'antu. Koyaya, wannan nau'in kama ba shi da tasiri mai yawa a kan yawan jama'a.
Botia wawa na iya zama babban zaɓi don dabbobin gida na akwatin kifaye. Idan kun kirkiresu yanayin rayuwa mafi kyau kuma kuka kula dasu yadda yakamata, tabbas zasu bada farin ciki mai yawa.
Ranar bugawa: 23.07.2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 09/29/2019 da 19:21
